- Idilesi: Staré Město / Josefov, Praha 1
- Umgangatho: XI ngaphakathi
- Indawo: 8.81 iihektare
Isixeko sangempela samaYuda ePrague sisePalest Square Square kunye neMlambo iVltava. Namhlanje isithili sikaJosefov siyinxalenye ehloniphekileyo yedolophu enezindlu ezihloniphekileyo. Xa kwakukho indawo encinane yamaYuda, indawo ebizwa ngokuba yi "Prague ghetto". Le nqanaba lamaYuda yanamhlanje yindawo yokuzigcina evulelekileyo yemyuziyam: uye walondoloza ubuninzi bezinto ezibonakalayo ezidlulileyo ezithi zonke iindwendwe zasePrague zizimisele ukutyelela.
Imbali yesiqingatha samaYuda saseJosefov ePrague
Imbali yesithili saseJosefov kwiCzech Republic iyintlekisa kwaye iyinkohlakalo, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo linomdla kakhulu. Abahlali abangamaYuda babonakala apha ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-11, kwaye emva kweminyaka engama-5 onke amaYuda asePrague ahlaziywa ngokukhawuleza apha. Yile ndlela "i-ghetto ePrague" yabonakala ngayo. Abantu abahlala kwisithili samaYuda babehlala nzima kakhulu, bephulwa kuyo yonke into:
- kwiSixeko esitsha, kwakunqatshelwe ukuvela;
- izindlu ngaphandle kweghetto zazingenakuthengwa;
- Bahlawula irhafu ephezulu kwilizwe;
- kwiingubo kufuneka zibe namanqaku okuchonga;
- Kwiminyaka emininzi amaYuda ahlupheke kwiindawo ezixhatshazwayo ezichasene namaSemite.
Iimeko ziphuculwe kuphela phakathi kwekhulu le-IXX. xa amaYuda afumana amalungelo alinganayo namaKristu. Kuphela ke bakwazi ukuhlala kunoma iyiphi indawo yesithili. Icandelo lamaYuda lafumana igama elithi "Josefov" ngozuko lukaMbusi uJoseph II, owenza ukuguqulwa ngokukhululekile kumaYuda aseCzech.
Umda phakathi kwe-IXX kunye ne-XX leminyaka. yatshatyalaliswa ininzi yesithili samaYuda ePrague: iindlela ezitsha zafakwa apha. Nangona kunjalo, izikhumbuzo ezisemgangathweni zendalo kunye nezakhiwo zakhiwe. Ikhasi elibi kunye nelibuhlungu lembali yecala lamaYuda kwakufika ukuza kwamaNazi. Emva kokutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo kwamaYuda, baceba ukususela kule ngxenye ukudala imyuziyam yesizwe esilahlekile. Kwakubuyiselwa kwisigqibo esinjalo sikaHitler, apho kuye kwaziswa khona izinto ezinokubaluleka kunye nezinto ezahlukahlukeneyo zonqulo, kunye nekota yeJosefov igcinwe. Ngezantsi ungabona umfanekiso weendawo zekota ze-Jewish ePrague kwimaphu.
Iimpawu zekota ye-Jewish e Prague
UJosefov isigxina esiyingqayizivele senkcubeko yamaYuda, engenalo isifaniselo eYurophu. Uhambo olukhokelayo ekutyeleleni kwinqanaba liya kuba yinkwenkwezi kaDavid, efakwe apha apha phantse sonke isakhiwo. Into enomdla ukubona kwiKota ye-Jewish e Prague:
- I-Old-New Synagogue . Le yesikhumbuzo senkolo endala kunazo zonke kunye nesiseko esiyinkokeli esingokomoya samaYuda asePrague, esakhiwe ngo-1270. Ngethuba layo elide, akuzange litshintshe imbonakalo yalo yangaphambili.
- Ye sikhungu. Ngethuba ukususela ngo-1950 ukuya ku-1992, yahlala kwindawo yokubonakaliswa kweMyuziyam yamaYuda yasePrague. Emva kokuhlaziywa ngo-1996, indlu yesikhungu yaba yindlu yokuthandaza yabemi basePrague.
- ISinel Synagogue. Omnye wendlu enhle kakhulu yomthandazo kwikota yeJosefov ePrague. Yakhiwa ngo-1592 njengesikhungu senu somrabi weghetto kunye nenkundla yemali yoMlawuli uRudolph II uMordechai Meisel. Namhlanje akusebenzi njengendlu yokuthandaza, kodwa njengendawo yokugcina i-Museum Museum.
- I sikhungu lasePhankk. Wakhela ukususela ngo-1519 ukuya ku-1535 iminyaka. Nangona iimeko eziphindaphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuvuselelwa kwakhona, zigcinwe iziganeko ze-Renaissance ne-Gothic. Ngoku esi sakhiwo sisikhumbuzo esidumileyo kwixhoba lokuQothulwa kweNkqantosi kunye neyona nkcubeko yamaYuda.
- Kwindlu yesikhungu yaseKlaus. Efumaneka kufuphi neMangcwaba yamaYuda. Ngomnyaka we-1689 yachithwa ngomlilo, kodwa ngowe-1694 kwindlu yesinagoli yavuselelwa ngokupheleleyo, kwaye sele isele isakhiwo seBaroque. Kwindlu yokuthandaza kukho ukuboniswa kweMyuziyam yoMYuda.
- IsiSinagoge. Indlu yomthandazo wamaYuda yakhiwa ngowe-1867. Isitayela samaMoor sinobuchule bokwakhiwa kwezakhiwo, kuba kuyithakazelisa kwaye inokwakheka ngokupheleleyo kwi-canon yamaYuda. Ukongeza kwinjongo ephambili, amakhonsathi enkonzo kunye nemibukiso ibanjwe ngaphakathi kweendonga zayo.
- IYerusalem okanye iSinagogi yeSinagoge. Elona likhulu, elihle kwaye linamhlanje, lakhiwe ngo-1906. Nangona isinagosa sitholakala ngaphandle kwekota yesiYuda, kuluhlu lwezinto ezikulo .
- IHolo yaseKapa yaseHolo . Esi sakhiwo ukususela ngo-1577 sisebenza njengeziko eliphambili loluntu lwabaYuda bamaPrague. Kufumaneka kufuphi nekona ukusuka kwiSinagoge eNdala. Iwashi kubakhenkethi ngeetekisi zesiHebhere, ukuhamba ngokukhawuleza.
- Amangcwaba amadala amaYuda . Esinye sezikhumbuzo ezibalulekileyo zenkcubeko yamaYuda. Kule ndawo abantu abangaphezu kwe-100 abantu bangcwatywa, kubandakanya uninzi lwamanani enkcubeko kunye nenkolo yamaYuda.
- Umzobo kaRabbi Levi. Yadalwa ngowama-1910 kwaye ifakwe kwikhonkco leHolo leKapa elitsha. Umdwebi uL. Shaloon waphelela ngokugqibeleleyo xa umvikeli ongumYuda, umfundi, umfundisi kunye nomcangcozi wathatha ezandleni zentombazana encinane i-rose apho, ngokutsho komlando, ukufa kwakhe kufihlwe.
- Umfanekiso kaMoses. Epaki kufuphi neSinagovo kwintlanganiso ye-1937, isicatshulwa sebhedu kumprofeti safakelwa, esibhala igama lika-Adam kwincwadi. Umzobo wobugcisa, owadalwa ngo-1905 nguF. F. Bilek, ngexesha lokuhlala lidityaniswe ngabafascists. Siyabulela umzekelo woluhlu, umhlolokazi owawusindisa umlobi, umsebenzi wezobugcisa wawubuyiselwe kwifomu yawo yoqobo.
- Isikhumbuzo kunye ne-plaque yesikhumbuzo sikaFranz Kafka. Umbhali wazalwa kwi-ghetto yamaYuda, ngoko akumangalisi ukuba i-plaque ekhunjulwayo yayakhiwe ngeNdlela ye-Mayzelova, apho ayehlala khona. Ngowe-2003, kufuphi nesinagoge saseSpain, isicatshulwa esingabonakali kumsebenzi wemifanekiso uJon Ron safakelwa, kubonisa umlobi ehleli phezulu kwinqwelo engenanto.
- Igalari kaRobert Guttmann. Iholo lemboniso lavulwa ngo-2001. Kulo ndawo unokuyiqonda umsebenzi wabatyekisi kunye nabadlali abancinci bamaYuda.
Yintoni ekuyithengayo kwikota yesiYuda?
Kakade ke, kwindawo yezokhenketho yasePrague kukho izitolo ezininzi, iintengiso kunye neetente. Ukusuka kwimikhumbuzo yemveli unokuthenga ama-magnet, iibhedi zemali, ii-postcards ezibonisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zeKota ye-Jewish e Prague. Kukho izikhumbuzo eziza kukukhumbuza ngokuthe tye ngokutyelela "i-ghetto yasePrague" - ezi ziintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobumba uGollem, ethandaza oorabi, zonke iintlobo zeembobo zeenkwenkwezi zikaDavid ne-kip.
Icandelo lamaYuda ePrague - Indlela yokufika apho?
Icandelo likaJosefov liyingxenye ye-Old Prague kwaye liyindawo yesithili sokuphatha yasePrague 1. Idilesi yekota ye-Jewish e Prague: Staré Město / Josefov, Praha 1. Ungaya apha njengale:
- uhamba ukusuka kwi-Old Town Square, uhambe nge-Pařížská kwisitalato malunga ne-150-200 m;
- kwi- metro ecaleni komgca oluhlaza, suka kwisikhululo seStooměstská;
- kwiitrama zethu. 17,18, suka kwi-Staroměstská yokuma.