Umbuzo ophathelene nokuphela kwehlabathi kwaye emva kokufa kuye kubekho abantu abanomdla, okuchaza ukuba kukho ubuxoki beentlobo ezahlukeneyo kunye neziphakamiso, ezininzi zazo zifana neenganekwane. Ukuchaza ingcamango ephambili isetchatology, eyona mpawu kwiinkonzo ezininzi kunye neendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo zembali.
Yintoni i-eschatology?
Imfundiso yenkolo malunga neendlela eziza phambili zehlabathi kunye noluntu kuthiwa yi-eschatology. Ukwabela uluntu kunye nehlabathi lonke. Ekubunjweni kweyokuqala, indima ebalulekileyo yadlala yiYiputa YaseYiputa, kwaye okwesibini yiYuda. I-eschatology ngayinye inxalenye yecandelo lehlabathi lonke. Nangona iBhayibhile ingathethi nto malunga nobomi besikhathi esizayo, kwiimfundiso ezininzi zonqulo iimbono zokubhaliweyo emva kokufunda zifundwa kakuhle. Umzekelo yiNcwadi yaseYiputa kunye neTibetan yabafileyo, kunye ne-Divine Comedy yeDante.
Eschatology kwifilosofi
Imfundiso efundiswayo ayithethi nje ngokuphela kwehlabathi kunye nobomi, kodwa nakwixesha elizayo, enokwenzeka emva kokunyamalala kokungapheleli. I-Eschatology kwifilosofi yindlela ebalulekileyo, ekugqibeleni ukuphela kwembali, njengokugqitywa kwamava angaphumelelanga okanye iingcamango zomntu. Ukuwa kwehlabathi ngexesha elifanayo kuthetha ukungena komntu kwindawo edibanisa inxalenye yokomoya, esemhlabeni neyophezulu. Ifilosofi yembali ayikwazi ukwahlula kwiinjongo ze-eschatological.
Ingcamango ye-eschatological yentuthuko yoluntu isasazeke kwifilosofi yaseYurophu ngokubanzi ngokubonga ngcamango ekhethekileyo yaseYurophu ejonga yonke into ekhoyo ehlabathini ngokufana nomsebenzi wabantu, oko kukuthi, yonke into iyahamba, inesiqalo, uphuhliso kunye nokuphela, . Iingxaki eziphambili zefilosofi ezisombululo ngoncedo lwe-eschatology zi: ukuqonda imbali, intloko yendoda kunye nezindlela zokuphucula, inkululeko namathuba, kunye neengxaki ezahlukeneyo zokuziphatha.
Eschatology ebuKristwini
Ukuba kuthelekiswa namanye amacandelo enkolo, amaKristu, njengamaYuda, aphika ukucinga kwexesha lexesha kwaye athi akukho lizayo emva kokuphela kwehlabathi. I-Orthodox eschatology inxulumene ngqo ne-chiliasm (imfundiso yokubusa kweemillennial kwilizwe leNkosi kunye namalungisa) kunye nemessianism (imfundiso yokuza kwesithunywa sikaThixo). Bonke amakholwa bayaqiniseka ukuba kungekudala uMesiya uza kuza emhlabeni okwesibini kwaye isiphelo sehlabathi siya kuza.
Kwimeko, ubuKristu bukhula njengenkolo ye-eschatological. Umyalezo wabapostile kunye nencwadi yeZityhilelo ufunda ingcamango yokuba ukuphela kwehlabathi akunakuphetshwa, kodwa xa kwenzeka oko kwaziwa kuphela eNkosini. I-eschatology yamaKristu (imfundiso yokuphela kwehlabathi) ibandakanya ukusabalalisa (iimbono ezijonga inkqubo yembali njengokwenziwa ngokuthe rhoqo kweSityhilelo Saphezulu) kunye nemfundiso yokubongwa kwecawa.
Eschatology kwi-Islam
Kule nkolo, iziprofeto zokugqibela malunga nokuphela kwehlabathi zibaluleke kakhulu. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba iingxabano ezikule sihloko ziyaphikisana, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zingenakuqondakala kwaye zingabonakali. I-eschatology yamaSulumane isekelwe kwimimiselo yeKoran, kwaye umfanekiso wesiphelo sehlabathi ufana nale:
- Ngaphambi kokuba kwenzeka isiganeko esikhulu, kuza kuza ixesha lokungamesabi uThixo nokungakholwa. Abantu baya kuncatsha yonke imilinganiselo yama-Islam, kwaye baya kugxininiswa kwizono.
- Emva koko, ubukumkani Umchasi-Kristu uza kuza, kwaye kuya kuhlala iintsuku ezingama-40. Xa eli xesha liphelile, uMesiya uza kuza kwaye ukuwa kuya kuphela. Ngenxa yoko, iminyaka engama-40 emhlabeni kuya kuba ne-idyll.
- Kwinqanaba elilandelayo, umqondiso uya kunikwa malunga nokuqala kwesiGwebo esibi , esiza kuqhuba u-Allah ngokwakhe. Uya kubuza bonke abaphilayo nabafileyo. Aboni baya kuGehena, kunye nabalungileyo kwiParadesi, kodwa baya kufuneka badlule kwibhulorho apho banokuguqulelwa khona izilwanyana abazibingelele ku-Allah ngexesha lokuphila kwabo.
- Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-eschatology yobuKristu yayisiseko seSilamsi, kodwa kukho ezinye izongezo ezibalulekileyo, umzekelo, kuthethwa ukuba uMprofeti uMuhammad uya kuba seMgwebeni Wokugqibela, oya kunciphisa intlekele yaboni kwaye acele u Allah ukuba athethelele izono.
Eschatology kwinkolo yobuYuda
Ngokungafani nezinye iinkonzo ezibuYuda, into eyenzekayo yendalo, ebonisa ukudala umhlaba "opheleleyo" kunye nomntu, kwaye ke baya kudlula kwinqanaba lokuwa kwelokuphela, kodwa oku akusipheli, kuba ngokuthanda komdali, baphinde baphumelele. I-eschatology yobuYuda isekelwe kwinto yokuba ububi buya kuphelisa kwaye ekugqibeleni uzuze okulungileyo. Kwincwadi ka-Amosi kuchazwa ukuba ihlabathi liya kubakho iminyaka eyi-6 lamawaka, kwaye intshabalalo iya kuhlala iminyaka eliwaka. Uluntu kunye nomlando walo unokwahlula zibe zigaba ezintathu: ixesha lokubhujiswa, imfundiso kunye nexesha likaMesiya.
IStandinavian eschatology
I-Mythology yaseScandinavia ihluke kwezinye iinkalo ze-eschatological, ngokubhekiselele kulowo wonke umntu unesiphelo, kwaye oothixo abafi. Ingcamango yokuphuhliswa kwempucuko ichaza ukuhamba kwazo zonke izigaba: ukuzalwa, ukuphuhliswa, ukuphela nokufa. Ngenxa yoko, ihlabathi elitsha liya kuzalelwa kwiindawo zokubhubha zehlabathi elidlulileyo kwaye umyalelo wehlabathi uza kuvela ngaphandle kweengxabano. Iimbali ezininzi zeengxoxo zakhiwe kule ngcamango, kwaye zihluke kwabanye kuba oothixo ababandakanyeki kodwa iziganeko.
Eschatology yeGrisi yamandulo
Inkqubo yemibono yonqulo kwixesha elidlulileyo kumaGrike lalifani, kuba babengenalwazi malunga nokuphela kwehlabathi, bekholelwa ukuba into engenakho isiqalo ayikwazi ukuzaliseka. Iimbali ze-eschatological zeGrisi lasendulo zazixhalabele kakhulu umntu oza kubakho. AmaGrike ayekholelwa ukuba inxalenye yokuqala iyimzimba engenakunqunyulwa kwaye iphelalala ngonaphakade. Ngokuphathelele umphefumlo, i-eschatology ibonisa ukuba ayifi, iyenzeka kwaye ikulungele ukuthetha noThixo.