Kwiindaba nakwezinye iindaba eziphathekayo, kukho imigaqo yezoqoqosho ezahlukileyo, kwaye ngenxa yokungazi intsingiselo yazo, kunokungaqondani okungafaniyo. Ulwazi oluncedo luya kuba malunga nantoni na ukuchithwa kweemeko.
Yintoni i-deflation?
Ukuba ukhokelwa yimvelaphi yale gama, ngoko kwisiLatini elithi "deflatio" lithetha "ukuvuthela". Ukuba i-deflation inomdla-yintoni na, kuyafaneleka ukukwazi ukuba eli gama lithetha ukuthini ukunyusa xabiso lemali kunye namandla ayo okuthenga. Xa kukho ukungcola kweli lizwe, kukho ukuhla kwehla rhoqo kwixabiso lempahla kunye neenkonzo.
Ekuboneni kokuqala, kunokuba kubonakala kuninzi ukuba ukwandisa amandla okuthenga kulungile, kodwa ukuba ukhangele izizathu, ithemba lakho lingafaneli lihle. Omnye ufanelekile ukunikela ingqalelo kwingcamango enjenge-deflation factor okanye, njengoko kuthiwa yi-deflator. Kuqondwa njengexabiso lonyaka, elithatha inguqu kwiintengo zabathengi ngeempahla kunye neenkonzo zangethuba elidlulileyo. Le coefficient ixhomekeke kupapasho olusemthethweni.
Ukuchaswa kukuhle okanye kubi?
Inkqubo yokuwa kwexabiso ingajongwa kumacala amabini, kodwa ukuba ujika kwiingcali, bahlala bexoxa ngemiphumo emibi. Ukuze uqiniseke oku, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela okubi malunga nokuchasana:
- Ukuvela kwe-deflationary spiral. Xa abantu bebukele ukuhla kwexabiso, bazama ukulibazisa ukuthengwa kwempahla ebiza, ukulinda izaphulelo. Olu hlobo lukhokelela ekunciphiseni ukwanda koqoqosho, oko kukuthi, ukuchasana okukhulu. Le meko inokuphindwa kaninzi. Ukufumanisa ukuba yiyiphi i-deflation, kwaye yintoni imiphumo yayo, kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba ukunyuka kwe-deflationary kunokuchaphazela kuphela ukuthengiswa kwempahla, kodwa nemali. Kungekudala, abantu baye baqala ukuthatha imali eninzi yokutyalomali-mali, okungabangela ukuhla kwexabiso lemarike kunye nokuhlaselwa kwemeko.
- Ngenxa yexabiso elisezantsi lempahla, inzuzo yamashishini iyancipha kwaye uphuhliso lwayo luyeka. Ngenxa yoko, ulawulo alukwazi ukuhlawula umvuzo ngokuzeleyo kwaye kufuneka asebenze ngomlilo.
- Imiphumo engebiyo iyakhathalela nendawo yokubonga, ekubeni abantu bayeka ukuthenga imali-mboleko, kuba baya kufuneka bahlawule imali eninzi, kuba ixabiso lemali liya kwanda.
Yintoni i-deflation kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso?
Ixabiso lekota yokuqala linikezelwe ngasentla, kwaye ngokuphathelele ukunyuka kwamaxabiso, lwandisa izinga eliqhelekileyo lamaxabiso eempahla kunye neenkonzo, ezichaphazela amandla okuthenga yeyunithi yemali. Ngenxa yoko, umntu unokufikelela kwisigqibo ngokuchasene phakathi kokungcola kwindleko yokunyuka kwamaxabiso, kuba ezi zizinto ezimbini ezichasene nazo. Zombini zombuso ziyakucaphukisa ngenjongo okanye zivela kwizigqibo ezingalunganga.
Ukuchaswa kunye nokunyuka kwamaxabiso kwafundwa ngokucophelela, kwaye kwagqitywa ukuba urhulumente wokuqala unobungozi kakhulu kwezoqoqosho kunesibili. Iingcali zifumene ukuba ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kwe-1-3% ngonyaka kuthathwa njengento ebonisa ukukhula koqoqosho, kodwa ukuchaswa kwe-1-2% ngonyaka kungakhokelela kwingxaki enkulu. Umzekelo u-deflation eMelika ngowe-1923-1933, ophelile kwiNkxwaleko enkulu.
Iingxaki zokuPhula
Iingcali zichonga ezi zinto zilandelayo ezikhupha ukuchasana:
- Ukunciphisa ukuboleka. Ukuba amabhanki aqala ukunika imali encinci kubemi, oku kubangela ukunciphisa imali kwimida.
- Ukwandisa kwimveliso yemveliso . Ixabiso lempahla liya kuhla, ukuba imali yabemi ayitshintshi, kwaye iveliso iya kukhutshwa ngaphezulu. Inkqubo yokuchasana ingaba ngumphumo wokusetyenziswa kobuchwepheshe obutsha kwimveliso. Ngokuqhelekileyo, izinto ezintsha zikhokelela kumaxabiso aphantsi kunye nokungasebenzi.
- Ukwanda kwemfuno yemali . Ukuba abantu baqala ukuhlehlisa ngaphezulu, imali iyaphuma, iyandisa inani labo.
- Izopolitiko zobuqoqosho obunzima . Ngokuqhelekileyo icwangciso lokunciphisa iindleko zikaRhulumente liphuma ekulawuleni kwaye likhokelela ekuchaseni (umzekelo, iSpain ngowama-2010).
Deflation-iimpawu
Kukho izinto ezincinci ezinokubonisa ukuba ilizwe lijongene nokuhla kwexabiso lemali. Okokuqala, umvuzo omyinge uphantsi, kwaye abantu bancitshiswa kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, kukho ukwanda kwentswela-sebenzi. Okwesibini, ukungcola kwemali kukukhokelela ku-http: //foxysister.ru/node/add/article?task_id=7198 ukunciphisa iindleko zemveliso kunye nokunciphisa ukufunwa kwabathengi. Ukongezelela, ixabiso lemali-mboleko kwiibhanki zanda kwaye kuba nzima ukuba abantu babuyisele imali abayithathile ngaphambili.
Ukuhlenga - njani ukulwa?
Indlela echanekileyo yokulungisa ngokukhawuleza kwemali ngaphandle kwemiphumo, akukho. Isigqibo esifanelekileyo malunga nokuba yintoni omele ukwenze xa ukuchasana kukusebenzisa amava amazwe akwazi ukujamelana naloo nto. Ngokomzekelo, urhulumente angasebenzisa umgaqo-nkqubo wezemali othobekileyo, oko kukuthi, iBhanki Ephakathi iyanciphisa ixabiso lentengo kwimali-mboleko, abantu bathatha imali mboleko, kwaye oku kwandisa imfuno kunye nexabiso. Enye indlela yokunciphisa uxinzelelo lwerhafu nokunyusa izinga lokuthengiswa kweempahla.
Yintoni endingayifaka imali ekuchaseni?
Abantu abaninzi, xa bejonga utshintsho kwezoqoqosho, abazi ukuba bangabelana njani nemali yabo, apho batyala khona okanye bathenga ntoni, okusoloko kukhokelela kwiziphoso. Ukuchaswa kwemali kubangela ukunciphisa ngokuthe ngcembe kwindleko yazo zonke i-asethi, oko kukuthi imali iya kuba yinzala-mali inenzuzo kakhulu, ekubeni yonke into iya kuhlaziya, kuquka iimpahla ezithengiweyo njengoko zifunekayo.