Ingundoqo yezinto zokubakhombisa imali, xa ubeka isigama esicacileyo, ubambiswano oluxhamlekileyo ngamaqela amabini, enye enye ibhanki okanye intlangano yentengiso. Isicwangciso esilula sisebenza ngomgaqo: amaqabane agqiba isivumelwano, kwaye ibhanki iqinisekisa ukunyuka kwemali kulawo matyala xa inzuzo ngqo kwi-transaction ingafiki.
Yintoni yokwazisa?
I-Factoring yinkonzo elula evumela ubudlelwane bezoshishino ukuba bukho ngaphakathi komthetho. Ngomntu ongaqondanga ubunzima bokusebenza kwebhanki, olo luncedo aluqondakali. Ziziphi iinjongo zokwenza i-factorship-isivumelwano esilula, esinenzuzo sokubuyiselwa kwetyala ngabatyala kubandakanya:
- mboleko yebhanki ngaphandle kokubambisa;
- vavanyo lwabaxhasi be-solvency;
- inshorensi yengozi ehambelana nokukhanyela umthengi;
- ukuhlaziywa kweeakhawunti ezifunyenweyo.
Intsebenziswano ngesiseko sokwenza i-factoring ivumela iinkampani ezinemali encinci ukuba zihlale zihlala ixesha elide, eziyimfuneko kumsebenzi ochanekileyo we-shishini lonke. Ngoko, umcimbi wokuqinisekisa umsebenzi weprojekthi okanye iqumrhu lixazululwa ngophalazo lweengxowa-mali zomntu ngokwakhe.
Ukwazisa umsebenzi?
I-essence of factoring ingumsebenzi weeontraki ezintathu ezipheleleyo. Ukulandelelana komnye wabo kuchazwe ngokucacileyo ngokwemiqathango yesivumelwano:
- Inkampani (i-factoring) inikezela iinkonzo okanye ithengisa impahla kumakhasimende.
- Inkampani inikeza amaxwebhu okuqwalaselwa kwebhanki ebonisa ukuba kukho ityala kubabolekisi.
- Ibhanki ikhokhela ininzi ityala lenkampani.
- Ibhanki kunye nenkampani yenza isivumelwano apho umboleki ebuyisela imali ngqo kwi-bhanki eneemfuno ezongezelelweyo ezongezelelweyo.
Isicwangciso esilula siqinisekisa ukuveliswa okungenakuphazamiseka okanye ukuthengiswa kwempahla kude kube ityala libuyiselwe ngokupheleleyo. Ngoko inkampani ene-balance balance yezemali, inika inkqubo yokuphuhliswa kwayo ngexabiso lemali eyinikezelwe ukulahlwa kwexeshana yecandelo lesibini (ibhanki).
Ukuchithwa kwezinto kunye nokulahlekelwa
Ukwenza izinto kunye nokulungelelanisa kugxile kwiimfuno zabathengi. Iskimu, esikuvumela ukuba uhlawule amatyala amatyala, usebenza ngaphandle kweembopheleleko zokubambisa. Ukufa kufuneka kuhlawulele ityala kumntu-mboleko kwaye uhlawule. Ukwahlukana kwezicwangciso zokutsala umntu wesithathu kukuba ukukhwabanisa kushiya inkampani inelungelo lokucima ityala ngendlela efanelekileyo. Ulwahlulo oluphambili phakathi kweendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuzalisekisa izibophelelo zetyala:
- ukukhula kwetyala;
- engozi;
- ukunikezelwa kweebhanki;
- kwimeko yokudluliselwa.
Ixesha apho usebenze (ukubuyisela i-factoring) kuthatha iintsuku ezingaphezu kwe-180, kodwa imigangatho yokuqhafaza imiselwe iminyaka. Into ebalulekileyo yokwenza i-factoring iyinxenye yetyala, emva kokuhlawulwa kwayo (malunga ne-60% yexabiso elipheleleyo), i-akhawunti yetyala igqityiweyo. Umyinge wenzalo awunyuli, kodwa ikhono lenkampani lokuphuhlisa lusebenza ngakumbi kwaye luzinzile.
Ukwenziwa kweebenzi ngokungafani njani nemali mboleko?
Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu abangabhekene neengxaki zokubambisa phambili, badibanisa lolu hlobo lwezemali ngokuboleka. Ngokuhluke ngokupheleleyo kwisakhiwo semali yemali kunceda ngokwenene i-shishini ngamatyala, kodwa bakwenza ngendlela echaseneyo. Ukwahlula phakathi kokukwenzela i-creditoring kunye nekhredithi
- Iindlela zokubuyisela ityala . Imali ethathwe phantsi komsebenzi webhanki iyacinywa ngqo ngumbolekayo, kodwa i-financing factor is formed from receivables.
- Imbuyekezo yentlawulo yetyala . Ubudlelwane bezikweletu banexesha elichazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye abaxhomekeke ekukhuleni kwengeniso yenkampani. Ukwenza izinto kwiimeko ezahlukeneyo kuxhomekeke kwintlawulo echasiweyo ngexesha langempela.
- Umhla wokuhlawula umdla . Ngaphansi kwesivumelwano semali-mboleko, umboleki wenza isixa esifanelekileyo kungekudala kwinani elithile lenyanga, kodwa imali yokwenza imali ihlawulwa ngomhla wokuhlawula umboleki.
- Ukuphunyezwa kwesivumelwano . Ukufumana imali mboleko, umntu oyimfihlo okanye umntu ufuna iimpepha, ezinokuba nzima kakhulu ukuziqokelela. I-Factoring isebenzisa amaxwebhu alula-amavosi okanye uhlolo.
- Inzala . Ikhomishini yokwenza imali ihlanganiswe ngokupheleleyo kwixabiso lentengo, kodwa akukho nzala.
- Iinkonzo ezongezelelweyo . Ibhanki eyenze isivumelwano sokubolekisa ngemali-mboleko ayinikezeli iinkonzo ezingabandakanywa kwiphakheji jikelele. Izicwangciso zokuvula izinto ezivulekileyo nezivaliweyo zandisa njengoko kuyimfuneko.
Uhlobo ngalunye lweentengo zemboleko zebhanki zinokuzikhethela, izinto ezintle kunye nokungonakali, kodwa ngenxa yeemeko eziphakanyiswe ngetyala elikhulu le shishini, ukufaka imali yinto eyona nto ingundoqo yokuboleka imali engenakunceda. Iinjongo zokwenza izinto ezibonakalayo zicacile - ukululaza iingxaki zemali zetyala, kodwa ngaphandle kokulahlekelwa ngumthengi (ishishini-mali).
I-Factoring-i-pros and cons
Ukuqulunqwa kwamatyala kwindlela yendalo yonke yokujongana namatyala ngaphandle kokulimaza kwimveliso yangoku. Imigaqo yokubuyiselwa kwetyala ibhanki inokuhluka, kunye neenzuzo ezivela kwimali yokuthengiswa kwemali ayisoloko ibonakala. Inkontileka nganye ephethwe yintlangano yebhanki ineenzuzo zayo kunye neziphene ezibalulekileyo, ezifanele zaziwe kwangaphambili.
Inzuzo ye Factoring
Iintlobo zokufumana izinto ezikhoyo, ezifumaneka kwiinkampani zonke ezizityebi okanye ngabanye, ziza kudala iimeko ezifanelekileyo zokuhlawula iintlawulo. Ukongezelela, ishishini elisebenzisayo ukukhangela i-factoring lingaphuma kwiinkathazo okanye iingxaki zemali. Ukucwangciswa komsebenzi kunye nabatyala kukunye okungaqinisekanga kunye nemisebenzi efanayo.
I-Factoring - cons
Iingxaki zeenkonzo ezincinci, kodwa ezisebenzayo zebhanki, ziquka imiqathango enzima yesivumelwano. Iirhafu ezingenakunceda, kwaye inzala ephezulu inqobo "idla" ingeniso yenkampani ekunikezeni iimveliso. Ukungahambi kakuhle kwimiqulu ebunzima kunye nokunika ingxelo kwibhanki. Umsebenzi wokubuyiselwa kwemboleko kumboleki akubandakanyi ukuthengiswa kwexesha elilodwa, kwaye inani elincinci leentlawulo lifikelela ku-10.
Iintlobo zokwazisa kunye neempawu zazo
Iintlobo ze-factoring, ezizibonakalise njengeendlela ezichanekileyo zokuhlawula amatyala ahlawulisiweyo yenkampani:
- imisebenzi yemali;
- ukuvula izinto ezivulekile kwaye zivaliwe ngaphandle kokuxhaswa ngemali;
- imisebenzi yemali yokubuyiselwa kwetyala elivulekileyo nelivaliweyo (i-regress factoring);
- ukuguqula kwakhona i-right to the recourse kwaye ngaphandle kwayo;
- imisebenzi yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
Xa ugqiba isivumelwano sokubambisa (ukuvula kunye nokuvalwa), umthengisi weempahla ezingaphantsi kwebhanki (isikhungo semali) ilungelo lokufumana i-akhawunti yangoku kwaye uhlawule. Ngoko ibhanki ithatha uxanduva lwexeshana lokuxhasa ukuphuhliswa kwenkampani, ukuhlawula ipesenti ethile yexabiso elizayo letyala elikulo.