La mabhinqa ayenze ukufumanisa okwenziwe ngokoqobo kwihlabathi lezenzululwazi.
1. Hedi Lamarr
Umdlali wefilimu uHedy Lamarr usasaziwayo ngokuthi "ngowona mhlekazi emhlabeni", kodwa impumelelo yakhe enkulu yiprojekthi "Inkqubo yoNxibelelwano loNgcaciso". Kwakungale teknoloji eyenziwa yimikhosi esetyenziselwa ukulawula i-torpedoes ekulawuleni kude ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yesiBini. "Inkqubo yokunxibelelana ngasese" isasetyenziswa ngokusetyenziswa kumanethiwekhi angaselula kunye namanethiwekhi.
2. Ada Lovelace
Countess Lovelace ubizwa ngokuba ngumqambi wokuqala wehlabathi. Ngo-1843, uAda wabhala inkqubo yokulungisa iingxaki ezithile zemathematika kumatshini owadalwa kamva. Kwakhona waxela ukuba iikhompyutheni azikwazi ukubala kuphela iifomula ze-algebraic, kodwa zenza imisebenzi yomculo.
3. I-Grace Hopper
Ikhulu leminyaka emva kweAda Lovelace, i-Admiral Grace Hopper yangemva ihlelwe enye yeekhomputha zokuqala zexesha-uMarko 1. Wakha iqela lokuqala-umhumushi wekhompyutheni yeNgesi. Ukongezelela, i-COBOL inkulu yavelisa inkqubo yokuchonga iimpazamo zekhompyutha emva kwesekethe encinane kuMarko II yabhubhisa iiyure ezininzi zomsebenzi.
4. uStephanie Kwolek
Ukusuka kwiifayili ze-bulletproof to fiber optic cables - kukho konke oku kunokubonga umkhandi wezakhono uStephanie Kwolek. Emva koko, nguye owasungula intsimbi yaseKevlar, ephindwe kabini kunamandla kunesinyithi kwaye inezixhobo ezinomlilo ophezulu.
5. Annie Easley
Ngo-1955 u-Annie waqala ukusebenza ku-NASA, wayengenayo imfundo ephakamileyo. Kodwa ukungabikho kwediploma akuzange kumthintele ekudaleni iiprogram zokulinganisa imimoya yelanga, ukuphucula ukuguqulwa kwamandla kunye nokulawula ii-acceleration zamashishini.
6. UMarie Sklodowska-Curie
Ngaloo maxesha kude nobufazi, umsebenzi we-talented chemist ne-physicist Marie Curie wayexabiswa kakhulu luluntu, kwaye iiprojekthi zakhe ezintsha kwi-radioactivity zanqotshwa yiNobel Prizes ezimbini ngo-1903 no-1911. Wayeyindoda yokuqala yokufumana i-Nobel Prize.
7. UMaria Telkes
Wayengenalo ngokwaneleyo ii-ovens kunye nama-conditioner emoyeni, ngoko ke uMaria Telkes wadala inkqubo yebhethri yelanga, eqhubekayo esebenzayo. Ngama-1940, uMaria wancedisa ukwakha izindlu zokuqala zokufudumala kwelanga, apho ukufudumala kwamaqondo okufudumala kwakugcinwa nakwiimeko ezibuhlungu zasebusika zaseMassachusetts.
8. UDorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin
UDorothy Crowfoot-Hodgkin uyaziwa ngokuba ngumdali weprotini crystallography. Yena ngoncedo lwe-X-rays wenza uhlalutyo lwesakhiwo se-penicillin, i-insulin kunye ne-vitamin B12. Ngowe-1964, kulezi zifundo, uDorothy wathola uMvuzo weNobel owawufanelekile kwiChemistry.
9. UCatherine Blodgett
U-Miss Blodgett wayengowesifazane wokuqala ukuba afumane idigri kwi-physics esuka eCambridge. Kwaye ngo-1938, uCatherine waqulunqa iglasi echasayo. Le nto isetyenziswe ngokubanzi kwiikhamera, iiglasi, i-telescopes, iilensi zefoto kunye nezinye izixhobo zokusebenza. Ukuba unxibe iiglasi, ngoko unento yokubonga uKatherine Blodgett.
10. Ida Henrietta Hyde
I-physiologist eneet talent, u-Ida Hyde wasungula i-microelectrode enokukwazi ukuvuselela isilwanyana ngasinye. Oku kufunyenweyo kuye kwaguqula umhlaba we-neurophysiology. Ngomnyaka we-1902, waba ngumlingani wokuqala wesifazane waseMelika Physiological Society.
11. IVirginia Apgar
Wonke umfazi uyazi leli gama. Kusemgangathweni wezempilo kaAggar ukuba iintsana ezisanda kutsha zihlolwa. Oogqirha-neonatologists bakholelwa ukuba ekhulwini lama-20 iVarginia u-Apgar wenza okunye ukuphucula impilo yonina neentsana kunabani na.