Olu khetho oluchanekileyo lokugqiba, njengokujongene nelitye, linika indawo ephathwayo yendalo kunye nobuhle bexesha elidlulileyo. Izinto eziphathekayo zinceda ukwenza indawo yokuhlala kungekhona nje iliso elihle, kodwa nokukhusela iindonga zalo kungcoliseko, ukungcolisa.
Ukujongana nendlu ngetshe
Izitye zamatye ezendalo ziye zasetyenziselwa ukuphucula izakhiwo amakhulu eminyaka. Ngoku, ukongeza kwimizimba yemvelo, ukubethelwa kwindonga kunye namatye okuhlobisa kuthandwayo, izinto ezisetyenziswayo zisetyenziselwa ukulungiswa kwangaphandle kwee-facade , isalathisi, iingcingo, kunye nokuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kwendawo. Kwimeko nganye yodwa, uhlobo lwabo lohlobo lukhethiweyo, luhluke ekubunzeni, umbala wemibala, ukuma, ubukhulu.
Ukujongana ne-facade kunye nelitye
Iindonga ezixutywe ngamatye zangaphandle zihlala zizinzile, zisebenza, zijongene ngokuthe ngqo kwiimpembelelo zendalo. Ukujongana nesakhiwo sekhaya kunye nelitye lezemvelo ligxininisa imeko ephakamileyo yomnini wendlu. Abathengisi banikela uluhlu olubanzi kunabo bonke kwindonga engaphandle - ezivela kwiileyile ezibushelelekileyo okanye emacaleni e-limestone-based based to block blocks with surface relief. Ukujongana nelitye le nto ifakwe kumacwecwe obuninzi obuhlukeneyo kunye nobunzima.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwamatye obuninzi obuhlukeneyo kunye nemifanekiso kwi-decoration, unokufikelela kwimiphumo emihle yokuyila. Umzobo wendlu unokuxelisa isitena esityebileyo, udonga olwenziwe ngamatye asendle okanye asele. Ungasebenzisa izinto ezibonakalayo, kungabizi, kwaye ukubonakala kwesakhiwo akukhathazeki ngalolu hlobo. Iileyili zidalwa ngokubumba kwezibumba, eziphinda ziphinde zenzeke ngokubonakalayo kunye nokukhululeka kwe-analog yangokwemvelo.
Ukujongana nomsila kunye nelitye
Emva kokwakhiwa kwesiseko sezitena okanye ikhonkrithi, kufuneka ikhuselwe kwaye ihlotshwe, inketho ephumelele ngakumbi yokuxazulula ingxaki efanayo - ejongene nelitye. Kule nto, ezi zilandelayo zisetyenziswa kakhulu:
- granite;
- marble;
- i-schungite;
- dolomite;
- i sandstone;
- ngxondorha;
- quartzite;
- shale.
Ukulungiselela isiseko esisetyenzisiweyo, sinikezela ngokuqinileyo, ixesha elide ligcina umbala kunye nokubonakala okubonakalayo. Ukujongana nesiseko kunye nelitye lokufakelwa liza kuhlawula ixabiso elincinci, kuba amandla okupakisha ayinto engaphantsi kweyayimvelaphi, njengoko yenziwe ngekhonkrithi. Ngaphandle, ilitye libukeka njengelitye lezendalo, linokuxelisa umlambo, idwala, kunye namatye aqhekezayo. Uhlobo ngalunye lwezinto eziphathekayo lufumaneka kwimilo emibili ehleliyo kunye neyobunzima.
Ukujongana nocingo lwamatye
Izicwangciso ze-monolithic kufuneka zifakwe ngezinto ezintle, ezijongene nelitye elifanelekileyo. Uya kunika ucingo ukuba lubukeke, lubukeka obuhle, bubukeka bukhangelelene kwindawo ejikelezileyo. Ukujongana nelitye lezinto zendalo kunceda ukuhlobisa zombini ucingo, nokuphinda uphinde uphinde uphinde uphinde uvuselele ucingo oludala.
Kukho ukudibanisa okuhlukeneyo kokugqiba - ngokuqhelekileyo isiseko kunye neentsika zesakhiwo zihlanganiswe ngolunye uhlobo lwamatye kwaye ludibanisa kunye neentlobo ezivela kwelinye uhlobo. Izinto eziphathekayo zidibene kunye nezitena, izinto ezenziwe ngetsimbi, i-slabs slabs. Izinto zokuhlahlo-mali-i-shell shell, i-sandstone, i-limestone-idume ngokuhlobisa. Ilitye lokuzikhethela lihluke kakhulu kumbala webala lombala.
Ukugubungela umnyango ngelitye lokuhlobisa
Iminyango yokuhlobisa iitye zokuhlobisa isebenza ukukhusela iindonga ngokumonakalisa, ukugqoka kunye neyona ndlela yinkqubo egqwesileyo yokuhlobisa zombini imibhalo yangaphandle neyangaphakathi. Isayithi sihlotshelwe ngokufanayo phezu komhlaba wonke, ngokulinganayo kumacala omabini ebhokisi, iphethini yenziwa ngomphetho oqhekekileyo, inxalenye engaphantsi yezinto zokubhabisa ingenziwa kakhulu ngaphezu kweyona nto.
Ngokuqhelekileyo lo mhlobiso uncediswa ngokuhlobisa iingqungquthela ze-facades okanye ngaphakathi kwegumbi, ezinye iindonga zeendonga. Ukujongana ne-arch kunye nelitye lokuhlobisa (oko kukuthi, ukuvulwa ngaphandle kweminyango) ibonakala yinto enhle kakhulu, nayiphi na indlela yenkcazo inokufunyanwa - inxantathu, i-oval, asymmetric. Ngelitye, ipende, ipaneli yeenkuni, imithi idibene kakuhle.
Umquba ngezantsi
Ubunzulu bokungaphakathi kunye nelitye lomgangatho luyindleko ephezulu kakhulu. Uninzi lwazo zonke, lufanelekile izindlu ezinkulu kunye nezindlu zokuhlala, zijika zibe yindlu yangempela. Kwizinto zangaphakathi zanamhlanje njengesiqulatho somgangatho sisetyenziswe sijongene nelitye elinjalo:
- Marble, ukhangela ukukhanya okukhanyayo, ukukhawuleza, umtshato ohle.
- I-Granite, ine-grain picture.
- I-travertine, i-opaque texture, palette - ukusuka kwisanti ukuya emdaka.
- I-Slate, ihlelwe kakuhle kunye nomhlaba ongalinganiyo.
- I-Onyx, impahla eguquguqukayo eneemithanjeni ezintle.
Zihluke kwiimpawu zabo zokuhlobisa kunye neempawu zokusebenza - i-porosity, amandla. Uhlobo olubi kakhulu lomhlobiso - lubekwe ngetye ngendlela yeepatheni, iimpawu ze-geometric okanye i-ornaments. Iinkcukacha zomfanekiso zinqunyulwa kumatshini oomatshini, zihlanganiselwe phantsi, zixutywe, ziphosiweyo, zicutshungulwe ngezixhobo ezikhethekileyo zeekhemikhali ezandisa ukonakala kokungxiba kwengubo.
Ukuhlobisa indawo yomlilo kunye nelitye lokuhlobisa
Indawo yomlilo ithandwa ngamatye, ngenxa yokuba loo nto inomgangatho ophezulu wokuzinza ngokomzimba, ukunyamezela ubunzima obukhulu kunye namaqondo aphezulu aphezulu, ayigcwalisi umoya ngetekisi. Ngoncedo lwezinto zokubhenkcela, kunokwenzeka ukunciphisa iindawo ezingenakufikeleleka kwiindawo zokuhlala, ukuhlanganiswa okukhulu kwezinto ezilungiselelwe kwenza kube lula ukwenziwa kwee-curvature kunye neengqimba kwisakhiwo.
Izinto eziphathekayo zokuhlobisa indawo yomlilo, ngokuqhelekileyo zisebenzisa i-marble, i-granite kunye nezindlela ezincinci - i-sandstone, i-limestone, isitofu, esinika ubushushu obuhle. Indawo yomlilo igqityiwe ngelitye lokufakelwa elenziwe ngamacandelo asekelwe kwi-cement egcwele i-clay or clay. Unomxholo ohlukileyo kunye nombala, owanceda ukwakha idizayini ekhethekileyo yendawo.
Ukujongana nesitofu kwindawo yokuhlambela ngamatye
Ukugqiba loo mabini ukhetha izinto ezingakwazi ukuqokelela kwaye zinike ukushisa. Kwiikopi zokusetyenziswa kobukhulu obuhlukeneyo - ngasezantsi beka enkulu, ngasentla - encinci. Ukujongana nesitye samanzi esihlambini kwindawo yokuhlamba - iintlobo ezidumile:
- I-Talcochloride, xa ishushu, ikhupha i-enzymes enempilo.
- I-Jade, engabizi, xa ithukuthele, inegalelo elixhamle kwixinzelelo.
- I-Quartzite, eqinile, inemibala eminingi enhle.
- I-porphyrite, ixesha elide ligcina ukushisa okuphezulu kwindawo yokuqhuma, ipholisa impahla.
- I-Diabase, inobungozi bamanzi obuthathaka, ivumela ukuvelisa i-steam eninzi.
Ukujongana nelitye lokuhlobisa
Ukujongana ne-facade kunye nelayini langaphakathi lezindlu kunye neepaneli phantsi kwelitye okanye i-analogue yemvelo ithandwa ngenxa yobume bendalo, amandla kunye nokuthembeka. Oku kunokuba, njengokugqibezela komhlaba, kunye nokufakelwa kweziqwenga zaso. Ngaphambi kokubhinqa kuyimfuneko ukucacisa uhlobo lwezinto eziphathekayo, ubunqamlezo kunye nombala, ukuza kunye nezindlela zokudibanisa ubumbano kunye nezinye izinto.
Ukujamelana nelitye lemvelo
Ubume obunzima befowuni kunye nelitye lendalo lingaqhubeka okanye lincinane, xa ezinye izakhi zesakhiwo zifakwe - izivulo, iingqingo, iifestile, iinqonga, iibhaloni, iikholomu. Ukwenza ukuba iindonga zibuke ubuhle, ungasebenzisa zombini izinto eziphathekayo ezingaphendulwanga ngendlela ye "tile" zasendle, kwaye zipholile, zipholile. Iintlobo ezidumeleyo zelitye lemvelo:
- I-Granite, inesakhiwo esiqingqiweyo, iqinile, umbala wemibala - obomvu, obomvu, obomvu-obuluhlaza, obuhlaza. I-Granite idibene kakuhle, inokunikezelwa nayiphi na indlela.
- UGabbro, ilitye eliqingqiweyo, linombala webala ukusuka kwi-gray-green kuya kumnyama. Uphoswe ufumana ubunzulu obuhle.
- I-Porphyry, i-impregnations yamaminerali - i-crystals. Izinto ezibhenkcezayo kakhulu, ingakumbi obomvu obomvu okanye obomvu umbala wayo.
- I-Quartzite, eqinile, i-frost-resistant, i-grained-grained. Umbala-omnyama, obomvu, ophuzi, i-cherry yokubhabisa.
- I-Marble, inomlinganiselo ojikelezayo, i-moire, ukuphosa kubonisa ubunzulu bayo kunye nombala (omhlophe, obomvu, obomvu, obuluhlaza, obomvu).
Ukujongana nelitye lasendle
Ukwenza indlu ibonakale njengeyakhiwo esidala ukusuka kwi-Middle Ages, ukujongana kwendlu kunye nelitye lasendle lisetyenziswa. Le ngcaciso, eyadalwa yendalo ngokwayo, inezinkomba eziphezulu zokuhlala, ayiyiki imvula okanye umoya. Unesicaka sombala ocebileyo, ovumela ukudala idibaniso ekhethekileyo xa iindonga zokuhlobisa - ukudibanisa kunye ne-plaster, izitena okanye iileyile eziphosiweyo.
Amatye asendle ayenziwa ngamatye amakhulu amatye ahlula ahlukeneyo. Zonke iinqununu zineendlela ezahluke ngokupheleleyo kunye nemilo, iindawo eziqhekekileyo, ubunzima kunye nokungalingani komhlaba. Kwimeko enjalo ayiyi kubakho iibini zamatye afanayo - zonke ziyahlukahlukana. Ukugqiba ukusebenzisa iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatye - i-marble, i-granite, i-shell shell, i-sandstone, i-slate, i-dolomite.
Ukujongana nelitye eliqhekekileyo
Ilitye elitshiweyo yendalo yinto enqamlekileyo ibe yinto engafanelekanga kunye nesigxina esingaphantsi, inxalenye yangaphambili inokukhutshwa kwemvelo okanye ukukhanya okungaqhelekanga. Iiplani zolu hlobo musa ukugawula kwaye musa ukugawula. Ngenxa yoko, ukujongana kweendonga kunye nelitye lokubhabisa, isakhiwo sekhaya, i-arch, ikholomu okanye nayiphi enye into yangaphakathi ibukeka njengenxalenye yenkqantosi ephakathi, inqaba yamandulo okanye ilitye.
Ukuphucula umphumo, ubukhulu obuhlukeneyo beetye ezikhethiweyo zikhethiweyo, iintambo eziphakathi kwazo zifana nokuqhekeka kwidwala. Olu qulunqo phantsi kweentsuku ezidala luyindlela yokuhlaziya yangaphakathi. Ukugqitywa ngokugqithiseleyo kusetyenziswa rhoqo kumalungiselelo okulala, amagumbi okuhlala, iikhikhiti, iiholo. Ibukeka kakuhle nge-oki phantsi, ifenitshala yeenkuni, ukufakela ukuhlobisa, iiplanga kwi-siling.
Ukujongana nelitye leDagestani
Kufuneka uyazi ukuba iqela elipheleleyo lemithamo engokwemvelo ebizwa ngokuthi i-shell shell, i-dolomite, i-limestone kunye ne-sandstone kuthiwa ngamatye e-Dagestani, anxweme kwintsimi yaseDagestan. Ukulungiswa kwembala - ukusuka kumhlophe kunye nesihlabathi ukuya kumdaka nobumnyama. Iileyili zinokubakho isakhiwo esicatshulwayo kunye nomhlaba okhuselekile. Izinto eziphathekayo zibonakaliswa ukuphakanyiswa kwamaphampu okuphezulu, ukuchithwa kwamafutha okomeleleyo kunye namandla.
Ukujongana nendlu kunye nelitye leDagestani libukeka lihloniphekile kwaye lithetha ngokufaneleka kwabanikazi, nangona iindleko zalo zincinci - kunye nezinto ezincinci, unokufumana umphumo omangalisayo. Kwisibambiso ngokubanzi zisebenzisa udidi lwemibala eyahlukileyo, ngohlu lokwahlula ukwabelana ngezinto ezintle zokwakha zesakhiwo.
Ukujongana nelitye lokufakelwa
Izinto eziphathekayo zindleko kwaye zifuna abasebenzi abaninzi, kuba ukujongana neendonga ngamatye okufakelwayo kuya kuvela kakhulu. Akukhangelekanga ngakumbi kunokwenyama, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha ibonakala ngakumbi kwaye ikhanya ngakumbi, isebenza ixesha elide, inamandla amakhulu, iiparitha ezikhuselekileyo kunye nokuchasana naziphi na izimo zemozulu. Izinto ezilula zihlambulula kwaye zicocekile.
Ukuxeliswa ngokubanzi kwezixhobo zendalo njengesihlabathi kunye neentlobo zawo, i-granite, i-limestone, ziveliswa ngendlela yeetyhila eziqhelekileyo okanye ezingafaniyo. Ukuhlobisa ngamatye okuhlobisa kuya kunciphisa ukulahleka kwezinto eziphathekayo zokuncenga, kunciphisa umthwalo kwiindonga kunye nesiseko sakhiwo. Abakhiqizi bakhiqiza izinto ezahlukeneyo zokubhinqa, amanyathelo ajikeleziweyo, izakhiwo kunye nemigodi yamalungu, ebbs, apho kulula ukwenza nantoni na ephakamileyo.