Udongwe sele lusetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa nokugqiba. Ngokuphuhliswa kobuchwephesha kunye nokuvela kwamathuba amatsha, izinto ezakhiweyo ngokutsha ziye zangena kwiimarike. Oko kuphela kwimveliso yabo basebenzisa udongwe olufanayo, kodwa bafezekise iimpawu ezingcono kwiimveliso zokugqibela.
Izitena ze-ceramic ziquka ntoni?
Fumana izixhobo eziluhlaza kwimveliso yindlela endala kwiimakishi. Umgaqo wokuvelisa ngokwawo wawungatshintshi, ezobuchwepheshe kuphela zafezekiswa. Emva kokuba udongwe lingene kwisityalo, luqala ukulubeka kwindawo yokugqithisa kunye nokufumana izikhalazo. Kwixesha elizayo ezi zibhanki ziya kunqunyulwa kwaye zithunyelwe ngokugcoba. Imveliso esemgangathweni enokumelana nokuncintisana iqukethe amaqhezu amancinci.
Kunzima kakhulu ukufumana izinto ezinje, njengokuba kukho amakheleji ambalwa, kwaye ukususa uluhlu olufunekayo ngaphandle kokudibanisa lufunyanwa ngumkhumbi webhakethi omnye. Umshini wokujikeleza udibanisa iindawo, udongwe uthunyelwa kwimveliso kunye namaqhezu ahlukeneyo. Oku kwenza inkqubo yokubala njengobungcwebi bezoshishino: kufuneka ukhethe ukushisa okulungileyo, ukwenzela ukuba amaqabunga ahlangeneyo adibaniswe kunye nekhontrakthi, kwaye umxube unempawu eziyimfuneko kwixesha elizayo.
Kucingwa ukuba yintsimbi ekhethiweyo yezitena . Inkqubo yomveliso wayo ayilani ngokuthe ngqo. Kodwa kuphela iibakala ezidityaniswayo zobumba ezisetyenzisiweyo. Ukuqhawula emva kokugqitywa kwazo zonke izigaba kunika amandla aphezulu kunye nokukhwa kwamaqabunga. I-clinker isetyenziselwa ukutshintshwa kokugqibela, kaninzi kunokuba yinto eqhelekileyo. Yakha udonga lwe-clinker ebiza, kodwa kulungelelaniswa nezakhiwo ezilungiselelwe ukunyusa imithwalo ephakamileyo.
Izitena ze-Ceramic - i-pros and cons
Awuyi kufumana esinye isakhiwo sokubonga esingaziqhayisa ngeenzuzo ezikhethekileyo okanye ezingalunganga. Kukho rhoqo macala amabini emali. Yile ndlela izinto ezenzeka ngayo, indlu yezitena ze-ceramic "iphikisana": inalo lonke uluhlu lwamandla, kodwa kukho izinto ezimangalisayo. Ukwazi zonke iimpawu, kulula ukwenza isigqibo sokhetho kunye nokuqonda ukuba sisisigqibo esifanelekileyo.
Izitena ze-Ceramic - i-pros
Umgca ubamba umthi wesundu phakathi kwezinto zokuvelisa zokwakha nokugqiba izinto ngezizathu. Ukuqhutyelwa ngokufanelekileyo kwemveliso kuvela ngokuthembekileyo kwaye kunamandla, kuzo iimpawu ezigqwesileyo. Izitena ze-Ceramic kwiindonga ngethuba lokwakheka ziya ku kholisa ngeempawu:
- IiCeramics ziyakwazi ukumelana nazo zonke iimbonakalo zendawo yangaphandle: umoya, imvula, ilanga kunye nemisitho yesichotho ayilunganga. Ukuba udinga ukufumana udonga okanye inxalenye yendlu engakwazi ukumelana nomonakalo owenziwe ngomonakalo, ngenyameko ukhethe ukukhetha izitena ze-ceramic ze-clinker. Ngamanye amaxesha kusetyenziswa njengomhlobiso wamathrekhi, ukuze udonga luhlale kwifom yalo yoqobo iminyaka emininzi.
- Iindonga ezisendlini zixutywe kakuhle ngomsindo wangaphandle kwaye zigcina ukushisa. Imoya yayisisisombululo esinokuthenjwa kunye nesisemgangathweni esingenasiphelo. Kukho kwintsimbi yezixhobo eziqhelekileyo kunye nokwenza izixhobo ezinjalo eludongeni.
- Izitena ze-Ceramic ngokufanelekileyo azifumani umswakama. Oku kufezwe ngongqongqo lwesakhiwo, kuba ngumqobo wokungena kuwo nasiphi na umswakama. Ukubaluleka kwesi sici kukuba kukuchaphazela ngokuthe ngqo ukukwazi udonga ukugcina ubushushu kwixesha elibandayo. Uthutho lufumana inani elincinci, ngenxa yoko, akukho ntshabalalo xa ikhupha.
- Musa ukulibala malunga nokukhuselwa kwezitena zeekriyam zokudonga izakhiwo. Kwizityalo zokuvelisa, emva komjikelo opheleleyo, akukho phinda ikhuphe emoyeni, emva kokwakha, indlu iphinde iphephile kubantu.
ICeramic
Njengokuba kuyo yonke imingxuma yobusi, ngamanye amaxesha kukho i-spoonful ye honey, kwaye kuzo zonke izibonelelo zayo itekiti yitena inemingcipheko encinci. Kwimifanekiso yokujonga iliso kwithegi yentengo kwisitolo sokwakha. Xa ukhangele imveliso esemgangathweni kunye neempawu ozifunayo, kufuneka uvumelane nexabiso eliphezulu. Ukuveliswa kwezitena ezibomvu zeramic kunye nomthunzi obomvu wedayi akufuneki.
Kodwa ukuba ufumane eminye imibala engabonakali yodongwe, umntu kufuneka athathe izinto zokubala. Ngenxa yoko, umthengi udlala kwiLotter: kunzima ukuqagela ukuba umthengisi unomsebenzi okanye ukuba usebenzisa ii-dyes ezikhuselekileyo kwimpilo. Ukuba uluvo lwakho loyilo luquka ukugqiba ngezitena ezimhlophe ze-ceramic, akukho ndawo yokugcina. Izinto zokwakha ngokwazo ziyabiza, kwaye zenze ixabiso elincinci ngenxa yee-pigments.
Izitena zeCeram ukulungiswa kwangaphandle
Akukho imfuneko yokwakha udonga lweeramics ukuze ufumane iimpawu ezikhuselekileyo zendlu. Izitena zeeramic zisetyenziselwa ukukhwela i-facade . Okulindelwe kulo mbandela, umthengi akanomdla kuphela kumandla kunye nokufakelwa kwe-thermal, kodwa nakwiindawo zokuhlobisa. Ncitshiswe lula ubunzima, ukwandisa izakhiwo ze-thermally insulation. Isitena sikrakiti sichaphazela ukujongana nendlu ngeenkcukacha ezichanekileyo, indawo ebonakalayo kunye nokubukeka kakuhle. Ngokubhekiselele kwicala lokuzibonga lombuzo, umthengi angakhetha uklanywa ngokufanelekileyo. Phakathi kweempembelelo ezinokubakho kwizitena zeramic, abavelisi banikela ezi zilandelayo zikhetho ezijongene nazo:
- Isisombululo esilula, kodwa asikho esinqabileyo, sisitena esinomhlaba oqhelekileyo (ukhetho luyomelele, uluhlu lwezitena ze-ceramic luvela kwi-gray kuya kumnyama omnyama);
- udonga lunomdla ngakumbi ngemiphumo ebhalwe phezulu (xelisa ukubunjwa kweenkuni okanye ilitye, iipatheni ezintle - konke oku kulungelelanisa kumancinci okanye kwizakhiwo zesakhiwo);
- Ukwenziwa kwezitena ze-engobed ezicokisekileyo zenziwe ngombala omhlophe kunye ne-opacity yomhlaba (uluhlu lobumba obomvu lufakwe kwisiseko sezinto ezibonakalayo, ezinika umphumo wetshe yokufakelwa);
- I-tile ye-trick yeGlyuzirovanny ine-ceramic surface, efunyenwe emva kokusetyenziswa kwesilawuli seglasi ephantsi kunye nokudubula;
- kuloluhlu kubandakanya ukongeza i-clinker ebomvu yecrickam, eyenziwe kwinto esele isazi kakuhle kuthiwa udongwe olusayikratshi.
Iintlobo zezitena zeramic
Kwimiba yokwakha udonga lwezitena ze-ceramic, imibala ekhethiweyo iya kudlala indima yesibini. Kubaluleke ngakumbi ukukhetha uhlobo lwezitena eziqhelekileyo okanye izakhiwo ngokuchanekileyo. Ngasentla kwakhankanywa ukuba ngaphakathi kwitena kungenanto okanye kugcwaliswe. Zombini iintlobo zisetyenziselwa kwicandelo lokwakha, ngamnye unempawu kunye neziphakamiso zakhiwo ezithile.
Izitena ezipheleleyo zeCeramic
Izitena ezizaliswe ngokupheleleyo ziyakwazi ukuziqhayisa ngamandla enomona, ukukwazi ukumelana nemithwalo enamandla. Isetyenziselwa ukuba kusetyenziswe i-conductivity ye-thermal kunye ne-sound insulation, kwaye umthwalo ohleliweyo uhleliwe. Ubunzima beyunithi nganye malunga ne-4 kg, okufuneka ukuba ithathelwe ingqalelo xa kwakhiwa kwezinye iintlobo zomhlaba. Zonke iimpawu ezidweliswe ngezitena eziqiniweyo ziza kubaluleka ekwakhiweni kwesola, ukubeka izikhuni zomlilo kunye nezitofu. Abakhi bakhela kuso iziseko kunye nezicwangciso.
Izitena ezingenakhenkethi
Umoya ngaphakathi ungakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu izakhiwo ze-thermal insulation, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo linciphisa amandla. Yiyo imeko xa ukusetyenziswa kwezitena eziqhelekileyo ezingamanzi eziqhelekileyo ezijongene nazo zivunyelwe. Kwaye oku akunjalo kuphela kwindlela apho izixhobo ezinjalo zi luncedo. Izitena ze-Ceramic nge-voids zigqibelele ukwakhiwa kweendonga zezakhiwo ukuya kwiindawo ezintathu.
Indlu iya kuba yitshisa, kwaye iindleko zayo ziya kuncipha. Kuyimpumelelo enkulu yokwakha izahlulo ukuya kwi-120 mm ephezulu, azinzima kwaye zifanele ukugcinwa kwezinto ezifanelekileyo. Kwanamagaraji okanye izakhiwo ezifanayo zakhiwe ngempumelelo kwizixhobo ezingakhiwa. Kodwa konke oku kuya kusebenza ngokubonelelwa ukuba izakhiwo zide kude namanzi. Ubumanzi bubunzulu kakhulu, kwaye ngokukhawuleza ukwakhiwa kokuqala kutshabalaliswa ngenxa yamanzi ngaphakathi. Musa ukuwamkela ukusetyenziswa kwezitena zeekriyam ezingenanto kunye nokwakhiwa kwezitofu. Akumvumeli ukuba ubushushu buhlakazeke kwigumbi.