ICrimea yindawo emangalisayo, apho imbali kunye neenkwenkwezi zamandulo, izikhumbuzo zamandulo kunye nemithombo yobutyebi, ubunxweme, ulwandle, iintaba, iigodlo , iingxangxuwa zidibene. Isixeko ngasinye sinika iindwendwe zayo indawo enomdla wokutyelela. Amanxuwa aseChersonesos - enye yezinto eziphambili zeSevastopol. Umzi wasungulwa kwinkulungwane ye-BC kwaye iminyaka engamawaka amabini obukho bawo yayikujoliswe kwimizi yaseByzantium neyamaRoma, ibe neenguqu ezininzi zamandla, ukunqoba, ukutshatyalaliswa. Kuye amagama ahloniphekileyo abalawuli abakhulu njengoKumkani Mithridates, uMlawuli uGaius Julius Caesar, uPrince Vladimir.
I-National Reserve yeTauric Chersonesos eSevastopol ithathwa njengowomnye wezixeko zakudala, njengoko uphando lwezinto zakudala luqhutywe apha iminyaka engama-170. Igama elithi "Chersonese" liguqulelwa kwisiGrike njenge "peninsula", kunye nencazelo ethi "Tavrichesky" - efumaneka kwilizwe laseTauris, kumaxesha amandulo, iNxweme yoMzantsi Afrika yaseCrimea yayibizwa ngokuba yiTaurica. KwiRashiya yasendulo ichaza kuthiwa yiKorsun.
I-Chersonesos yayiyi-polisi yangempela-umbuso-dolophu. Ixesha lakhe eliqhelekileyo ayelifumana kwixesha elivela kwi-IV kuya kwe-II leminyaka BC, ngelo xesha kwakukho ukulawula inkqubo yekhoboka, kwaye uhlobo lolawulo lwentando yesininzi - iqumrhu eliphambili legunya elilawulayo yindibano yabantu. Ngekhulu lama-2 BC, amaSkiti afana nemfazwe aya kumaKhersones ngokulwa kwaye ayanyanzelekile ukuba aphendukele kumlawuli onamandla uMyrddat IV Evpator. Abahlali baxoshwa, kodwa loo mzi walahlekelwa ukuzimela. Ngenkulungwane ye-BC, i-polis yaba yinxalenye yolawulo lobukhosi baseRoma yaye yalahlekelwa yintando yesininzi. Ngenkulungwane ye-IV, ubuKristu buye bangene eChersonesos kwaye buba yintsika enkulu, kunye neempempile ezininzi kunye neetempile. Kwimizuzu emibini yokuba khona kwayo, isixeko sasilwa imfazwe kwaye phakathi kwexesha leXV yaphela, yaphelelwa yintshaba yabantu.
I-Tauric Chersonesos Reserve yanikelwa isikhundla somyalelo wesizwe ngo-1994 ngumyalelo wongameli. Namhlanje lukhulu lwesayensi
- Iziko lophando, elibandakanya amasebe amaninzi kunye neziboniso. Isikhumbuzo esiphezulu sesiganeko yidolophu yaseTauric Chersonesos ngokwayo, ebonisa ukubhujiswa kwezakhiwo zokuhlala kunye noluntu ezifunyenwe yimichibi eyahlukeneyo yembali yesixeko. Ezi zinto zibalulekileyo zilandelayo kwimimandla yazo:
- kwinqanaba eliphakathi kweChersonesos - lafakwa ngexesha lokwakha isixeko kwaye alitshintshe imisebenzi yalo ngexesha lonke. Ngokuqhelekileyo wakha iithempeli - ekuqaleni kwekadala, ngoko-yobuKristu. Ngoku kwinqanaba eliphakathi kweTauric Chersonesos kwintendelezo yaseVladimir, ebuyiselwe kwindawo eyatshatyalaliswa ngaphambili, eyakhiwe kwi-XIX leminyaka, iphakama;
- indlu yaseshashalazini yasendulo eChersonese yiyona yodwa yendawo yokuzonwabisa kwimihlobo yayo kwi-CIS yonke. Eyakhelwe ekupheleni kwekhulu le-III ne-IV, yayisigxina semibutho kawonkewonke, imikhosi kunye nokulwa kwempi. Kodwa ngokusungulwa kobuKristu eMbusweni waseRoma kwabhujiswa, kwaye kamva kwakhiwa ngamathempeli;
- I-Basilika e-Basilica yithempeli eliphakathi, elivela kwiqiniso lokuba enye indlu engcwele yayakhiwa kwiindawo zokubhubha zenye;
- Inqaba yaseZeno, ebizwa ngokuba ngumlawuli waseByzantium;
- iindonga zeendonga ezikhuselekileyo zesixeko.
Uphi iChersonesus?
Abakhenkethi abafika kwilizwe laseCrimeli, bazama ukutyelela iChersonese kunye nezinye izinto ze-Sevastopol, ngoko nikela ingqalelo indlela yokufika khona. Ukususela kwisikhululo sesitimela kufuneka ufike kwibhasi lokuma. Dm. Ulyanova, uhamba ngomkhombe ukuya kwi-trolleybus uNombolo 10 okanye 6, okanye usebenzisa iteksi yendlela engaguqukiyo. No. 107, 109, 110 no-112. Emva koko unokutshintshela kwibhasi ye-22 kwaye uqhube kunye ne-Ulyanov Street ukuya elwandle uze uhambe malunga nemizuzu engama-12 ukuya kwe-12 ukuya ku- Isitalato esidala.
Ezinye iindwendwe kwiimyuziyamu ziyamangaliswa ngobuninzi babantu ekuhlambuleni amasu e-Chersonesos. Ngokuqinisekileyo, iilwandle ezisemgangathweni kweso sixeko sakwaMyuziyamu zibukeka zingabonakali, kodwa zinobuchule obukhethekileyo, kuba ziyaziwayo, nangona zininzi zentuthuzelo.
I-resonance enamandla kunye neempembelelo zabahambahambayo kubangele ukuba kufunyanwe kwangoko kwinyawo ka-Andrew wokuqala-ebizwa eChersonesos. I-trackprint yaziwa ngabantu basekuhlaleni, kodwa abazange baxhumane ne-saint de bafanise indawo yayo kunye nerekhodi kwikharityhulam ye-16 leminyaka.
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