Uhlalutyo lwe-Smear - umbhalo

Ngokuqhelekileyo ukutyelela nganye kwindoda kumfazi wesifo somzimba kuhamba kunye ne-swab ukucacisa uhlobo lwe-microflora ye-genitourinary system (i-smear jikelele, i-gynecological). Kwaye namhlanje siza kuthetha malunga namanani athetha ntoni kweli phepha kunye neziphumo zohlalutyo.

Ukuqulunqwa kwe-gynecological smear

Uviwo oluyingcipheko kunye nokutolika kwe-smear kunokukwazi ukubona izifo ezidluliselwa ngesondo, ukuvuvukala.

Uphando, i-swabs ukusuka kumfazi, kunye nomlomo wesibeleko kunye ne-urethra (urethra) ithathwa nge-spatula ekhethekileyo. Kuthatyathwe izicatshulwa zisetyenziswe kwiislayidi kunye neenkcazo: ubhinqa - "V", urethra - "U", i-cervix - "C".

Kwilabhoratri, ekuqaleni, ukutshatyalaliswa kweemfestile ezineetayi ezikhethekileyo (ngokwe-Gram). Ezi zinto zihlolwe phantsi kwe-microscope.

Ukuqulunqwa kohlalutyo oluqhelekileyo lwe-smear lwenziwa ngokulandela izikhombisi:

1. Epithelium. Ngeenkcukacha eziqhelekileyo, i-epithelium (iiseli ezibandakanya isini kunye nomlomo wesibeleko) zikhoyo. Isixa salo siyahluka kuye kuxhomekeke kumjikelezo wesini - ukuya kwiiseli ezili-15 kummandla wokujonga. Isalathisi esikhulu sinokubonisa inkqubo yokuvuvukala (vaginitis, cervicitis, urethritis). Ukuba iiseli ze-epithelium azifumaneki kwi-smear - oku bubungqina bokuba kungekho-estrogen okanye i-atrophy yamaseli e-epithelial.
2. Leukocytes. Ezi iiseli zenza umsebenzi okhuselekileyo emzimbeni, ukuthintela ukungena kwintsholongwane. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inani lazo kwisisu kunye ne-urethra - ukuya kwi-10, kunye nomlomo wesibeleko ukuya kutsho kwe-30. Ukuba ukuchithwa kwe-microscopy ye-smear kubonisa ukugqithisa kwe-leukocytes, luphawu lokuvuvukala.
3. I-Lactobacilli (i-Dederlein stick) zimeli ze-microflora eziqhelekileyo zesini. Ngezibonakaliso eziphilileyo, kufuneka kube nenani elikhulu kwi-smear. Isixa esincinci sibonakaliso sokuphulwa kwe-microflora ye-vaginal.
4. I-Slime ikhiqizwa ngeengqungquthela zesini kunye nomsele womlomo wesibeleko. Ngokuqhelekileyo, kufuneka kubekho i-mucus encinane.
5. I-Fungus Candida - ubukho bayo xa ukucacisa ukuhlalutya kweziphumo zesalathisi eziqhelekileyo kubonisa intsholongwane.
6. Ukuba uhlalutyo lwe-smear lubonisa ubukho bama- microorganisms angaphandle (i-gonococci, iintonga ezincinci, i-trichomonads, iiseli ze-atypical, njl.), Oku kubonisa ukusuleleka.

Bakposev Smear - Inkcazo

Ukucacisa ukuxilongwa, ngamanye amaxesha kuyimfuneko ukufeza inkcubeko ye-bacteriological. Olu hlalutyo luyabonakalisa ubukhulu bentsebenzo ye-antiustic antibotics. Ngale ndlela, izinto ezikhethiweyo zifakwe kwi-medium medium for 7-15 days. Ukuchazwa kohlalutyo lwe-smear, inani labameli bezityalo eziqhelekileyo, ezisemgangathweni, kunye ne-pathogenic flora kuboniswe kwiCFU (ii-unit forming units).

I-Smear ye-cytology-ingxelo

I-smear ye-cytology (i-Pap smear) luhlalutyo oluncinci oluqhutyelwe ukufumanisa ubukhulu, imo, inombolo kunye nendawo yeeseli.

Ukuqulunqwa kwe-smear kwi-oncocytology ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: umphumo ongekho (oqhelekileyo) - zonke iiseli ze-epithelium esicacileyo kunye ne-cylindric ngaphandle kwempawu; ezintle - ubukho beeseli ezingama-atypical (ezahlukeneyo ngesimo, ubungakanani, ubukhulu becala).

Isizathu se-smear enokuthi sinokutshatyalaliswa kwezifo, izifo zangasemva (ukuguguleka kwamanzi, i-polyps, njl.), Kwakunye nezimo zengqungquthela (dysplasia) nomhlaza wesibeleko.

Kukho iiklasi ezi-5 zeemeko zomlomo wesibeleko:

1. Umfanekiso oqhelekileyo we-cytological picture.
2. Iiseli eziguqulwayo zibonakaliso lwenkqubo yokuvuvukala kwezitho zangasese.
3. Ubukho beeseli ezingamaqabane ezingabodwa (iimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo ziya kufuneka).
4. Ubukho benani elincinci leeseli zomhlaza.
5. Inani elikhulu lamaseli omhlaza.

I-Smear ephuma emqaleni

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-pharynysis ye-mucus ephuma kwi-pharynx yenziwa nge-angina, isifo sokuphefumula, i-pertussis, isifo sesifo se-meningococcal, ngokukrokra ukuhamba kwezilwanyana ezifo.

Ngokuqhelekileyo, i-microflora ye-pharynx imelelwa yi-epidermal staphylococcus, i-streptococcus eluhlaza, i-Neisserias engenayo igciwane kunye ne-pneumococci, kunye nesincinci se-Candida fungus. Iipathogenic microorganms zivame ukuchongwa ngokuthi i-Candida albicans, iqela le-β-hemolytic I-streptococcus, i-pertussis e-causative agent, i-diphtheria bacillus.