Imimoncili yeNazism kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-40 yekhulu lokugqibela yenye yezona ziganeko ezimbi kunye negazi. Jonga kwiifoto ezinqabileyo zomntu owayengumntu oyintloko yentsebenzo yolwaphulo mthetho.
Umntu obalaseleyo, umsekeli kunye nomphathi weengcamango zegazi likaNazi nguAdolf Hitler, ogama lakhe liba ubuso be-fascism kunye neNazism kulo lonke ihlabathi.
Kule nqaku uza kubona ukhetho olukhulu lwezithombe ezivela ebomini obunzima kakhulu. Iifoto ezininzi zinqabile kwaye zibonakala kufumaneka kuluntu ngoku kutshanje, xa entwasahlobo zathengiswa phantsi kwesando kwenye yeevenkile.
Xa ukhangele ubuso bomntu, igazi lihlala libandayo kwaye lugubungela ukwesaba ukuqonda ukuba zonke iziganeko ezibi kakhulu - izigidi zokufa, izilingo ezingapheliyo kunye nokuthotywa kwabantu kunye nabantwana - kwenzeka kwiMhlaba wethu ngenxa yakhe.
Ingcambu yobubi
Abazali bakaHitler, ubaba u-Alois (1837-1903) kunye nonina uClara (1860-1907) babezihlobo, ngoko uyise wayenelungelo lokufumana umtshato. U-Alois wayeyindoda enzima kakhulu enobunzima obunzima, wayedla ngokulungelelanisa iindlovu ezinxilisayo endlwini aze athabathe. Umama ongenamdla wabona ukukhanya efestile kuphela kwonyana wakhe omncinane uAdolf kwaye wamnika ngokupheleleyo uthando lwakhe kunye nokunyamekela. Wayengumntwana wakhe wesine, abathathu bokuqala bafa beselula ngenxa yokugula.
UAdolf Hitler wazalwa ngo-Ephreli 20, 1889 eAustria kwidolophana yaseRanshofen.
Ububungqina beMetric ye-Fuhrer
Inkwenkwe evela ebuntwaneni yayisondele kakuhle, kunokuba uyise wayenelisekile kwaye wayenqabile ukubandakanya kule nyana. Umama, ngokuchaseneyo, wazama ukuphuhlisa emva kweAloysis izakhono zenkwenkwe kwaye wayehlala ephefumlelwe ukuba wayenet talent enkulu kwaye wayeza kuba udumo. Xa uyise wafumana imifanekiso yonyana wakhe, waba nomsindo waza wabuza abo babini ukuba bahlambele, apho umfazi wakhe wamemeza ngokuphelelwa yithemba, ukuba wayephosakele, unyana wakhe wayeya kuba yindumiso kwihlabathi lonke. Kwaye wayelungile, kodwa waba ngudumo ngenxa yemidwebo yobugcisa.
Iminyaka yesikolo ka-Adolf Hitler
Kwiminyaka yakhe yesikolo, uHitler wayevelele ngezifundo zakhe ezilungileyo, iimpawu zobunkokheli, kwaye sele sele eqale ukubonisa iimpawu zobuzwe kunye nomnqweno wokujoyina iinqanaba zamaqhawe aseBoer. Konke oku kuboniswe ngombala kwimidwebo, kubonisa ukuba oontanga bakhe. Njengoko iingcali ziphawula ukuba, lo mkhuba ungabangelwa kukukhukhumaza phambi kootata onyango, owafuna ukuthobela ngaphandle kwendodana yakhe.
Ngokwezikhumbuzo zika-Alois Jr., umntakwabo kaHitler, u-Adolf wayeqhelaniswe nobukrakra kwaye wayenokucaphuka ngenxa yezizathu ezincinci, wayengamthandi mntu kodwa unina, kwaye wayengumntu ongenalwazi. ubalekile.
Ukuqala kwendlela yokunyathelisa
UMunich 02.08.1914. UHitler kwi-rally e-Odeonplatz ngexesha lokukhuthaza umkhosi waseJamani ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwiMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala.
Ukukhula, uHitler wazama ukungena esikolweni sobugcisa kwaye wayeqinisekile ngokupheleleyo ukuba uya kuphumelela ngaphandle kobunzima. Kodwa yintoni eyayikuvuthela xa engabhalwanga, ethi imidwebo yakhe ilungile, kodwa ayinelisekanga kwisikolo sobugcisa, enezakhono ezinyanzelisiweyo ukuba ahambe kwi-faculty. UAdolf waba nomsindo, wayekholelwa ukuba isikolo sisebenzise abantu abangenakulungelelaniswa, abangezona iindlela zokuvavanya izinto eziphathekayo.
Kwaphela iminyaka emininzi wazama ukungena kumaziko emfundo yobugcisa, kodwa yonke indawo wayenqatshelwe. Uvakalelwa ngumculi ococekileyo, ophakanyiswe ngumama, akazange amkhathaze, nangona ngokwenene kwenzeka ukuba wayengenalo italente eyayixhaswa ngu-Klara.
Emva kokungaphumeleli ukuzama ukuba ngumculi, ukufa komama, ukunyanzeliswa nokunyanzeliswa, uHitler wazinikela kwiinqanaba zomkhosi waseJamani, okwakusungula iMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala. Ngokweememori zamajoni kunye nawo, u-Adolf wayeyibindi, ekhulile kwaye ephetheyo, apho ngokukhawuleza wathola isikhundla se-corporal enkonzweni, kodwa akazange anike isihloko esihamba phambili kuHitler, kuba wayebhekwa njengomdlali obalaseleyo owayengenalo iimpawu zobunkokeli. Amajoni akhe ayenayo inhlanhla yakhe: UHitler wayehlala ebuya ekulweni ephila kwaye engalindelanga, nangona iqela lakhe litshatyalaliswa, kwaye xa kwenzeka ukulimala, kwakungekho lula kwaye kwakungasongela ubomi bexesha elizayo.
Iifoto zangaphambili zikaHitler ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi yokuqala
Ngexesha leMfazwe Yehlabathi Yeyokuqala, iimvakalelo kunye neenkolelo zika-Adolf zakhula kwaye zomeleza, kwaye zikhupha kunye nemida. Xa iJamani yaqala ukulahlekelwa kwaye izinikele izikhundla, okwangoku, ngenxa yendlala kunye nendlala, iziqalo zokuqhankqalaza zaqala, oko uHitler ayekubona njengento yokukhohlisa.
Yintoni iphutha lamaYuda?
Ukuqala kokunyuka kukaHitler kwi-Olympus yezopolitiko ngowe-1921
Ekupheleni kwemfazwe, uHitler washiya inkonzo yezempi, engazange ibe ngumsebenzi wakhe, kodwa wavumela ukuba babe nabantu abanomdla, ababenabantu aba-7 kuphela. Ngabo bantu, uHitler waqala umsebenzi wakhe wezopolitiko, kwaye kamva ukubonakaliswa kwamaphupha akhe. Wayefuna into encinci: "ukuba abe yedwa inkokeli yaseJamani kwaye aqale ukulwa namaYuda atywayo, aze agqithise ihlabathi lonke." Inzondo yamaYuda yavusa ingqondo yakhe yokugula, uAdolf wayekholelwa ukuba olu hlanga lufuna ukuthatha amandla phezu kwezinye iintlanga kwaye zibenze zingenanto.
U-Hitler wayengenasoloko echasene namaSemiti; ngexesha lokuphila kwakhe kwakukho abahlobo abangamaYuda abamncedayo kumagangatho athile. Intukuthelo nenzondo yaqala ukukhula emva kokufa komama owayegula ngengomdla, kwaye ugqirha wakhe wayengumYuda. UHitler wayebulela ngokuphindaphindiweyo lo gqirha ngenxa yokuba wazama ukuphilisa unina kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Kodwa kunokwenzeka ukuba, uHitler wayenentlungu engathandekiyo kumgqirha ngenxa yokungalondolozi unina, kwaye nguye kuphela umntu owakuthandayo uFührer, kwaye emva kokufa kwakhe wayebuhlungu kakhulu. Ngenxa yoko, emva kwexesha, intukuthelo yakhula yaba yintsikelelo enkulu kubantu bonke abangamaYuda.
Impumelelo yokuqala kunye neBer Putch
Inkqubela kaHitler yanda ngokukhawuleza kwipolitiki, yayingumongameli omkhulu onokuyigxininisa isihlwele kunye neengcinga zakhe.
Kwiintetho zakhe, i-chancellor yesikhathi esizayo idlala kwiimvakalelo zokuthanda izwe elithatyathwe kwiJamani emva kwemfazwe kunye nokuhluleka okubangela ukuba ilizwe libe nemali eninzi yangaphandle kunye nokuncipha kwezoqoqosho.
Xa abaphulaphuli beentetho zakhe bekhula baba ngabantu abayi-2000, uHitler waqala ukuphazamisa amandla abo bonke abememezela ukunganelisekanga: baxoshwa babethwa ngabasemagodini.
Ngaphandle kwemithintelo ebalulekileyo kubaphathi, u-Adolf waba nobudlova kwaye waququzelela bonke ababhikishi malunga nezenzo zakhe kunye neengcamango ngoncedo lwawo onke amaqumrhu okuzikhusela awakhileyo, apho aye wachitha iiveki ezi-5 entolongweni.
UHitler wabhala amava kunye nenkxaso kaMussolini, umlawuli waseTaliyane, ophumelele ukuphumelela amandla e-Italy kuma-1920s ngenxa yokuxhatshazwa nokunyanzeliswa koxhatshazo.
Ubhiya "Burgerbroekeller" (1923), apho iBeri Putsch yaqala khona. Ifoto esuka kwi-German Federal Archive
Ukuthwala amajoni enkonzo yezempi ngexesha leBeri Putsch. Ngomgcini - uHimmler
Ngomnyaka we-1923, uHitler wahlela ipublic eJamani ukuba ibambe amandla, ebizwa ngokuba "ubhiya". Ukutshatyalaliswa kwamandla kwahluleka ngenxa yokungcatshiswa kwabanye baxhasi babo, nangona ekuqaleni kwaphumelela. Kwimizila yeziganeko, abantu abayi-18 babulawa, kuquka nabalindi namaNazi.
Ukuzalwa kwe-famous Mein Kampf
U-Hitler wabanjwa waza wagwetywa iminyaka emihlanu entolongweni njengomhleli weengxabano ezinkulu, kodwa ngoDisemba 1924 wakhululwa kwangaphambili. Etilongweni, wabhala incwadi yakhe eyaziwayo yombhalo weememori, equlethwe ngumbali wezobupolitika kunye nomkhankaso wezopolitiko, awawuthiwa nguMein Kampf, oguqulelwe kwi-German My Fight. Kwakhona nangonyaka wokuvalelwa entolongweni, uHitler wayekude ebonakalisa iimpazamo kwaye waqonda ukuba imeko kaMusolini yokubanjwa kwamagunya ayifanelekanga eJamani, kwaye wakha isicwangciso esitsha senkqubo.
Kwilingo likaLudendorff, ukusuka kwesobunxele kuya kwesokudla: ummeli uHolt, Weber, uRoder General uLudendorff kunye noAdolf Hitler, ngo-1923
Emva kokukhululwa kwejele lase-Landsberg e-Landsberg eLech eBavaria, ngoDisemba 1924.
Amaphepha amabini ka-Adolf Hitler aye agcinwa kwiJamani Federal Archive: owokuqala imvume yokuphatha izixhobo, okwesibini ubulungu bubungqina kwiNational Workers Jamani yeQembu labasebenzi baseJamani, njengowokuqala phantsi kombolo 1.
Intetho ye-Hitler yangaphambi kokhetho
Intlanganiso yamaNazi eJamani eMunich ngowe-1929
UHitler uyisithethi esihle kakhulu. Ukuqala kwee-1930, ngethuba lomncintiswano wokuqala.
Ifoto ye-1932.
Kwisakhiwo sokwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esitsha seReichsbank (ibhanki ephakathi yolawulo lwaseJamani) ngoMeyi 1932.
Xa uHitler ephuma entolongweni, wakha isicwangciso esitsha, ezopolitiko, ukufezekisa injongo. Ukubala kwakhe kwakufuneka kudlale kwintetho yesizwe yabemi kunye neklasi eliphakathi, okwalona xesha lijongene nobunzima bezezimali, kwaye libeka uxinzelelo kubaphathi. Wayehlala ehlela iintlobo ezahlukahlukeneyo zokucaphukisa.
Intetho phambi kwabasekeli
Kwinqanaba lamandla
Emva kweminyaka engama-14 yokunyuka nokuhla kwebala lezopolitiko ngokusebenzisa izenzo ezinobundlobongela kunye nezopolitiko, ukhetho oluninzi kunye noxinzelelo kurhulumente waseJamani, uHitler waba ngunyana we-Chancellor ngoJanuwari 30, 1933. Imibhiyozo yesi siganeko yenze ukuba kuqhutywe i-torchlight procession eBerlin.
Akukho mntu unokuqikelela ukuba uluphi uhlobo lwelo lwanyana oluthatyathwa ngabantu. Kwiminyaka yokugqibela ebudeni bokuqala kokhetho, uHitler wafihla waza wavala izifiso zakhe ezichasene namaSemite kunye nomnqweno wokubhenela kwiimilinganiselo ezinzulu zokubonakalisa iJamani kunye nehlabathi kwiintlanga zamaYuda.
Iintlanganiso zamaNazi zamaNazi eBukekeburg, ngo-1934
Ukutyelela esitokisini lakhe entolongweni yase-Landsberg emva kweminyaka eyi-10, apho uHitler ebhala khona incwadi yakhe ethi "Mein Kampf" ngowe-1934.
Imidlalo yeOlimpiki ngowe-1936, abantu bokuqala baseJamani banikezela ngee-autographs
EBerlin ngowe-1936, ukuhambela kukaHitler kwiNtlobano yoNyaka omtsha kunye neendwendwe ezikhoyo
Umtshato wamaNazi
Bonke abo bamncedisa uHitler bafumana isikhundla esinjalo ku rhu lumente babecinga ukuba lo "maNazi ophakamileyo" uza kuba yi-puppet ebiwe ezandleni zabo, kodwa kungekudala bebehlawulela ngokunyanisekileyo kwaye besazibonela ngokugqithiseleyo impazamo yabo.
Ngokuphishekela amandla, uHitler wanquma ukunyamekela impilo yakhe, ukuze abe nexesha lokuphumeza iingcamango zakhe ezimbi ebomini kwaye, wayekholelwa, ukugcina iJamani. Ngako oko, uMfufrer waba ngumhlaza wezolimo, ngenxa yoko wenza ngokunyanisekileyo imithetho yokukhusela izilwanyana kunye nezohlwayo ezinzima ngenxa yokuphulwa kwabo.
Ukunxibelelana nezilwanyana
Umalusi waseBermany waseFührer ongumJamani
UHitler kunye neziThuthi zeTrockch
Ukuthetha nabantwana
Kwakhona, uHitler wayehlala ebonisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngabantwana baseJamani njengexesha elizayo kwisizwe esicocekileyo.
Iziganeko ezahlukeneyo zokubusa kukaHitler
Isitatimende sokuqala esivakaliswe nguHitler njengenxankulu yayikukuvuselela umkhosi nokubuyisela amandla okulwa okupheleleyo, emva koko kuya kukwazi ukunqoba amazwe aseMpuma ngeJamani.
EBükkeburg, ngowe-1937. Usuku lo mbulelo
Ukwakhiwa komgwaqo omkhulu
Iintlanganiso zamaxesha onke
Reichstag, isigqibo senziwe kwisihlomelo esinokuthula sase-Austria ngo-1938.
Ukulungiselela ukusebenza komculo weengoma uL Leopoldhall Munich ngowe-1938.
Ukutyelela idolophu yaseGraslitz, okwethutyana i-Sudetenland ngo-1938.
Iintlanganiso zamaNazi eCzechoslovakia, isixeko sase-Eger 1938
UHitler kwisangqa sama-Austrian abalandeli ngo-1939.
Iziganeko ekuphumeni kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II
Ukusebenza ngowokuqala kaMeyi kwibala le-1939.
Emva kokuba uHitler abe negunya, iholide yafumana imeko esemthethweni ngowe-1933 - Usuku lwezeMisebenzi kaZwelonke.
UHitler kwibala lemidlalo yaseCharlottenburg, ngoMeyi 1939.
Uhambo lokuqala lwenqanawa nguRobert Ley, uHitler ongena emkhombeni.
I-Tea yokusela kwindawo yakhe yokuhlala e-Obersalzberg (iBavarian Alps) ngo-1939.
Ukuphakama kweMfazwe Yehlabathi II
Izitya zikaHitler kumgca wangaphambili ngo-1940.
EFransi ngonyaka wama-40
Bazimela kwiindaba zikaHitler
UHitler noEmmy no-Edda Goering 1940g.
U-Emmy ungumdlali waseJalimane wenkundla yemidlalo kunye ne-cinema, umfazi wesibini kaHermann Goering, wayeqwalaselwa ngasese njengendoda yokuqala yaseJamani. Kunye noMagda Goebbels (umfazi weNgqongqoshe wezeMfundo waseJamani) wayethetha iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zezenzo zokunceda. Uotata ka-Edda nguHitler ngokwakhe.
Ukubhiyozela iKrisimesi kunye neenkokheli zemikhosi zaseJamani.
UAdolf Hitler wamkela i-servicemen yaseJamani kwi-airfield e-Uman.
Kulo mfanekiso, uHitler usezidolophini zaseUkraine zase-Uman kwaye wamkela amajoni akhe. Apha, uHitler wagijimela kunye nokuhlolwa kwamaqela aseJamani kunye nama-Itali ehlobo le-1941.
Isipho esingumfuziselo kuHitler ngexesha lokubanjwa kweSarajevo.
Esi sicwecwe, esilenga eludongeni kufuphi nebhulophu yaseLatin, amajoni asuswe ngokukhawuleza aze adluliselwe kwi-Fuhrer, ngokukhawuleza emva kokubanjwa kweSarajevo, njengophawu loloyisa kunye nokusabalalisa amandla kaHitler kule mimandla.
Ukutyelela esibhedlele kubaphathi abalimalayo.
Hitler kunye neGoebbels kwinkomfa yenkomfa eBerlin
Kunye noMphathiswa weGoebbels. EPoland. Julayi, 1944.
Umnikelo kaHitler waya kuMarshal Goering- "I-Lady ne Falcon" (1880).
Igalari yeHitler
Bobabini abaqokeleli beemifanekiso yeemifanekiso kunye neminye imisebenzi yabalobi abadumileyo, ngowe-1945 ukuqokelelwa kwe-Adolf kwakuyimifanekiso engaphezulu kwama-6000, i-Goering - engaphezulu kwe-1000. Imifanekiso yathengwa okanye yathathwa yi-agents zangasese zezopolitiko. AmaLungelo kula mahluthwa aphikisana.
UHitler noEva Brown
UHitler kwingxoxo ye-Ardennes kunye neGoering and Guderian ngo-Oktobha 1944.
Hitler kunye neempawu zakhe zobugqi
Ukuhlolwa kokubhujiswa emva kokuqhubhisa ibhomu yamaSoviet, entwasahlobo ka-1945.
Iifom zokutshatyalaliswa kwangoku
Le nto inqabileyo kaHitler yeentsuku zokugqibela zobomi bakhe, ekubeni emva kokuhlasela okukhulu kwebutho lamaSoviet kwiintlanga zama-fascist zamajoni aseJamani, uHitler wakhetha ukuhlala kwindawo yakhe engaphantsi komhlaba.
Umfanekiso wokugqibela ngexesha lobomi
Ifoto esuka kwiFBI, eU.SA. Utshintsho olunokwenzeka ekubonakaleni kukaHitler xa ezama ukuphuma.
Ngokomxholo osemthethweni ngo-Apreli 30, 1945, kunye nomkakhe uEva Braun, u-Adolf Hitler wazibulala. U-Eva wafa emva kokuthatha i-capsule enobuthi obungenazo iimpawu ezinobundlobongela obubonakalayo, uHitler wadla kuqala umalusi wakhe oyintanda waseJamani, waza wazithumela intloko ekhanda.
Ukufa kukaAdolf Hitler
Ngokolwazi olusuka kulungu lomsebenzi kaHitler, ngosuku ngaphambi kokuba banikwe umyalelo wokulungiselela amathole epetroli ukutshisa izidumbu. Ngo-Apreli 30, ngo-1945, uHitler, ekwazula izandla nabantu abavela kwinqanaba lakhe elifutshane, washiya nomfazi wakhe egumbini lakhe, kungekudala udutshulwa. Emva kwexesha abakhonzi babakhangela kwigumbi labo, apho babone khona isidumbu seFirer ngenxeba lokubhokoxa entloko kunye nesidumbu sikaEva Braun ngaphandle komonakalo obonakalayo. Emva koko, bawafaka izigqoko emigodwini yemikhosi, bathululela ipetroli ngaphambili baze bawatshisa, njengoko kwakunikwe umyalelo.
Esi sithombeni isidumbu esithandwayo sihlolwe ngabachwephesha baseSoviet.
Kodwa kukho inguqu uHitler, kunye noBrown, babalekela eMzantsi Melika, apho badibana khona nokuguga kwabo, kwaye esikhundleni sokuba bashiye izidumbu zamawele. Nokuba uStalin ngexesha lakhe ubeka phambili ingcamango yokuba uHitler uphilile kwaye efihla kwiintlangano.
Kulo mfanekiso, u-Hitler oneminyaka engamashumi asixhenxe aneminyaka emihlanu ubudala ekufeni kwakhe.