I-edema yepulmonari yimeko enzima yokugula emzimbeni apho i-fluid iqokelela kwiindawo zengxube yamaphaphu kunye ne-alveoli ngaphandle kwemithambo yegazi ye-pulmonary, ekhokelela kumsebenzi wokuphazamiseka kwemiphunga. Kuyenzeka xa, endaweni yomoya, imiphunga iqalisa ukuzalisa nge-serous fluid, ephuma kwimitya. Oku kunokubangelwa uxinzelelo olunzulu kwimithanjeni yegazi, ukungabikho kweprotheni egazini, okanye ukungakwazi ukugcina amanzi e-plasma.
Iimpawu ze-asthma ye-heart kunye ne-pulema ye-pulema
Kubalulekile ukuchaneka kohluko lweempawu ze-edem ye-pulmari kunye ne-alveolar pulmary pulema, ebonakala njengezigaba ezibini zenkqubo ye-pathological.
Nge-edema ye-pulmatic intermacy, ehambelana neempawu ze-asthma ye-heart, i-fluid ifinyelela kuzo zonke izicubu zomphunga. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko zokutshintshwa kwe-oksijini kunye ne-carbon dioxide phakathi komoya we-alveoli negazi, kubangela ukwanda kwe-pulmonary, vascular and bronchial resistance. Ukuhlaselwa kwe-asthma ye-heart (i-edema ye-pulmary pulema) kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo ebusuku okanye ngaphambi kosuku. Isigulane sisukuma sisuka kwivakalelo zokungabi nomoya, sithatha indawo yokunyanzeliswa, sinovuyo, sinentswelo. Kubonakala kukuphefumula, ukukhwehlela kwe-paroxysmal, i-cyanosis yomlomo kunye nezipikili, ukupholisa imilenze, ukwanda kwengcinezelo yegazi, i-tachycardia. Ubungakanani boluhlaselo luvela kumzuzu emininzi ukuya kwiiyure eziliqela.
Uphuhliso olulandelayo lwenkqubo, oludibaniswa nokungena kwe-fluid kwisigxina se-alveoli, lubangela i-edema ye-alveolar yemiphunga. Umbane uqala ukutshabalalisa into ekhuselayo, efaka i-alveoli ngaphakathi, ukwenzela ukuba i-alveoli ithambelane kunye, ikhukhumeze i-edematous fluid. Kule nqanaba, iifom ze-protein ze-foam, eziqala ukuvimba i-lumen ye-bronchi, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni komxholo we-oksijini egazini nase-hypoxia. I-edema ye-alveolar yemiphunga ibonakaliswa ngokungafihleki okuphefumulayo, i-dyspnea enamandla kunye neengcamango ezicacileyo, i-cyanosis, umswakama wesikhumba. Emlonyeni kubonakala i-foam ene-pink tinge ngenxa yobungqina begazi. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukuqonda izigulane kudidekile, i-coma ifike.
Iifom ze-pulema ye-pulema
Ngokuxhomekeka kwimbangela kunye nemvelaphi, i-edema ye-cardiogenic neyiyo-cardiogenic pulmary.
I-edema ye-cardiogenic pulmonary ivela kwizifo zentliziyo kwaye, njengomthetho, lukhulu. Kungabonakalisa ukuhluleka kwentliziyo ekhohlo kwi-myocardial infarction, i-cardiomyopathy, i-mitral insufficiency, isifo senhliziyo sase-aortic, kunye ne-mitral stenosis nezinye izifo. Kule meko, ukunyuka kwengxube ye-hydrostatic kwi-capillaries ye-pulmonary kuvela ekunyuseni kwexinzelelo kwi-pulmonary vein, eyenza i-edema.
I-edema engekho-cardiogenic pulmonary ibangelwa ukunyuka kwemisipha yamanzi, okukhokelela ekungeneni kokungena kwamanzi kwi-pulmonary space. Inokudityaniswa nezinye iimeko zekliniki:
Kukho kwakhona i-edema ye-pulmonary isyibisi ebangelwa isenzo sezinto ezinobuthi kwiimpawu zomphunga. Ngokuqhelekileyo le meko ibangelwa ubuthi nge nitrogen oxides. Ngethuba le nkqubo, amanyathelo athile ahlukeneyo: i-reflex, isigaba sezinto ezifihlakeleyo, ukliniki kunye nokuphuhliswa ngokutsha. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, kukho ukuphendulwa kwe-reflex phantsi kwesenzo senkunkuma: ukucaphuka kweembumba, ukukhwehlela kunye nentlungu emehlweni. Ngaphezu koko, iimpawu ziyabhubha, isigaba esifihlayo senziwa, sihlala kwiiyure ezimbini ukuya kutsho. Emva koko kukho iimpawu ezifana nokunyuka kokuphefumla, ukukhwehlela okumanzi kunye ne-wheyzing, cyanosis, tachycardia. Kwiimeko ezibuhlungu kunye nexesha elifanelekileyo ngexesha lowesithathu emva kokutyhefuza, imeko imiselwe.