Iitempile zaseIndonesia

I-Indonesia - isizwe esiqithi siqhankqalazo, apho amagumbi ayo ahlamba ngamanzi amaLwandle aseNdiya nasePacific. Apha, izinto eziphilayo ezinkulu kunye neenkcubeko ezizityebi, kunye neetempile ezikhethekileyo zase-Indonesia - esinye isizathu sokuza kweli lizwe.

Kukho izakhiwo ezininzi zonqulo eIndonesia: iitempile, iindiza, iicawa, ii-chapel kunye nezakhiwo zonke zonqulo. Phakathi kwazo kukho iitemples zamanje kunye nezivaliweyo ezikhuselekileyo nezokukhuselweyo, okwanamhlanje kungengokwenkolo kuphela kodwa nesakhiwo sezakhiwo kunye nesiganeko. Ngamahlelo, iitempile e-Indonesia yiKatolika, amaBuddha namaHindu.

IziKatolika zamaKatolika zaseIndonesia

UbuKatolika baseIndonesia babonakala kungekudala. Phantse iminyaka eyi-100-150 edlulileyo, abahlali baseYurophu baqala ukuthenga umhlaba nokwakha izikolo zamaKatolika, iimininari kunye neecawa. Kufanelekile ukugqamisa iicawa ezilandelayo zamaKatolika e-Indonesia:

1. St Peter Cathedral e Bandung , i-cathedral ye-diocese yaseButung. Ithempeli limi kwisiseko sesakhiwo esiphezulu secawa yaseSt. Francis. I-cathedral yakhiwe ngokweprojekthi yomakhi we-Holland Charles Wolff Shemaker. Ukunikezelwa kwesakhiwo esitsha kwenzeka ngoFebruwari 19, 1922.
2. I-Cathedral yeNtombikazi eyintsikelelo kwisixeko saseBogor , i-cathedral ye-diocese, ithathwa njengetempile enkulu kwisiqithi saseJava. Umsunguli wekhedareli wayengumbhishophu waseNetherlands, uAdam Carolus Klassens. Isiqwenga sesakhiwo sihlotshiswe ngomfanekiso waseMadonna noMntwana.
3. I-Cathedral yeNtombikazi Enyulukileyo kwisixeko saseSemarang , i-cathedral yeDiocese yaseSemarang. Kuqukwa kwintlu yeempawu zenkcubeko ezibalulekileyo zase-Indonesia. Ithempeli lakhiwa kwindawo yesonto elidala laseparishi ngowe-1935.

AmaHindu amaTempile aseIndonesia

Njengakwamanye amazwe ehlabathini, amaTempile amaHindu eziqithi zaseIndonesia azothuswa ngobuhle bawo obungavamile. Izinto ezilandelayo zakhiwo zobuHindu zithandwa kakhulu ngabahambi kunye nabavakhenkethi:

1. UGrauda Vishnu Kenchana yipaki yangasese ye-Bukit Peninsula, ebonisa ingqungquthela enkulu kunazo zithixo u-Vishnu kwihlabathi-146 m. ​​Ukubunjwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo akukahlanganisi ngokugcwele, kodwa sele kukhanga amakholwa amaninzi. Epakini, intloko ibekwe ngokwahlukileyo, izandla kunye nomfanekiso kaVishnu ngokulindela kwendibano.
2. Gedong Songo - isakhiwo esikhulu seetempile, esisezantsi kwesiqithi saseJava . Olu bunzima luquka i-5 tempile. Yakhiwe kwii-VIII-IX zekhulu BC. ngexesha lolawulo lukaMataram. Zonke iithempeli zazakhiwa ngamatye e-volcanic kwaye ziyizona zakhiwo ezinkulu zamaHindu kwisiqithi saseJava. Inombolo yeNdlu yesi-3 kwindawo enzima ihlotshiswe ngemibala yabalindi.
3. UChandi - obizwa ngokuba yietempileni zangaphambili zamaHindu noBuddha, ezakhiwe kwi-Indonesia ephakathi. Abaphengululi be-Archaeologists baqaphela umxube wezakhiwo zokwakhiwa kwamanqwanqwa ekwakhiwa kweeIndiya kunye namaqhinga amandulo amaninzi. Zonke izakhiwo zinezakhiwo ezixandekileyo, zesikwere okanye eziphambene nomgangatho ophakamileyo kunye ne-concave ehlanganisiweyo. Umzekelo obalaseleyo ngowama-shrine kaDieng noBorobudur . Isakhiwo ngasinye sasisitempileni kunye nomngcwabo wabangcwaba bamandulo.
4. I-Prambanan yinkimbinkimbi enkulu yeetempileni zikaCandi, eqala emva kwexesha eliphakathi. I-Prabmanan ifumaneka entliziyweni yesiqithi saseJava. Inokuthi yayakhiwe ngekhulu le-10 ngethuba likaMataram. Ukususela ngo-1991 yiNdawo yeLifa leMveli le-UNESCO. Ngokutsho komlando, zonke izithempeli zakhiwa ngenxa yothando olungathandabuzekiyo njengetempile eneemifanekiso ezi-1000.
5. Besakih - isakhiwo seetempile zenkcubeko, esekelwe kwindawo ephakamileyo yeekhilomitha ezili-1 ngaphezulu kweqondo elwandle phakathi kwamafu. Ubudala be tempile bungaphezulu kweminyaka engama-3 lamawaka, ubunzima bunamathempeli angama-20 ahlukeneyo ngamagama kunye neenjongo ngamnye. Intsimi yenkathazo ihlotshiswe ngenani elikhulu leemifanekiso ezibonisa iidemon kunye noothixo. Itempile iyasebenza, kuphela amaHindu angangena.

Iimpawu zeBuddhist zase-Indonesia

Iitempile ezingaqondakaliyo kunye neengqungquthela zaseBuddhist zakudala zizona zakhiwo ezinkulu kwiindawo zase-Indonesia. Izona zithandwa kakhulu kwiingcali kunye nabakhenkethi:

1. I-Borobudur yi-stupa enkulu yeBuddha kunye neetempile ezinkulu zenkcubeko yamaMahayana Buddhism. Eyakhelwe kwisiqithi seJava phakathi kwe-750 no-850, i-stupa yaseBorobudur yindawo yokuhamba ngomendo. Unama-8 emithathu. Kuphezulu kukho ii-stupas ezincinane ezingama-72 ngendlela yentsimbi, ngaphakathi kukho iifoto ezingama-Buddha ezingama-504 kunye ne-1460 zonqulo. Ithempeli lafunyanwa ehlathini ngaphantsi kweengqimba zomlotha othothozelayo ngo-1814. Kule fomu, wema iminyaka engama-800.
2. Itempile yamandulo yaseMaroaro Jambi ihlala kwisiqithi saseSumatra . Iyakhiwa ngokukodwa kwi-XI-XIII yenkulungwane AD. Yindawo yokucwaningwa kwezinto zakudala. Kukholelwa ukuba eli likhulu kunabo bonke abahlala kwiindawo zethempile zaseBuddhist zasendulo zisezantsi-mpuma ye-Asia. Ininzi yetempileni isasemahlathini. Inkathazo yakhiwa ngezitena ezibomvu, ezihlotswe ngemifanekiso kunye nemifanekiso.
3. Itempile yaseBuddha iMara Takus yenye yeetempile ezinkulu kunye nezona zigcinwe kakhulu kwisiqithi saseSumatra. Liyisikhumbuzo sesizwe kunye neziko leempahla ezinkulu ezivela kwi-1860. Ingqungquthela yonke ijikelezwe ngodonga lwamatye. Kwiindonga zetempile kukho ama-4 eBuddhist stupas. Zonke izakhiwo zakhiwe ngeentlobo ezimbini zezixhobo: ilitye elibomvu nelitye.
4. I-Brahmavihara Arama yindempile enkulu eBuddhist kwisiqithi saseBali . Iyasebenza, yakhiwa ngo-1969. Isakhiwo sihlotshiswe ngokwezithethe zonke zeBuddhism: ukuhlobisa kwangaphakathi kwintyatyambo, iintyatyambo ezininzi kunye nezityalo eziqhelekileyo, izitho zegolide zeBuddha, uphahla lwama-orenji.