Ingqungquthela yeSikratshi yaseTurin ibonakalisiwe. Ngaba umzimba kaKristu wawungenwe emva kokufa?
Izazinzulu eziphikisana neyobukho bobukho bukaThixo, ngamanye amaxesha zijamelana nemigqomo, apho inzululwazi ayikwazi ukufumana inkcazelo. Kubaxhamli abakholelwa ukuba uMlilo oNgcwele eYerusalem ngumane wenyukayo, umonakalo omkhulu wamaKristu uhlala kwiTurin Shroud. Ubuso bukaMdali okanye ibali lakhe liphrinta ngokwenene kuyo - intle yamnandi kwimixholo yeBhayibhile?
Imfihlakalo Yembali
Mayelana neSikhumbuzo kubhekiswa kuzo zonke iincwadi ezine zeVangeli. Kwiincwadi ezivela kuMateyu, uMarko, uLuka noYohane, ngokungafani okuncane, kuthiwa ngelinen yelinen elineemitha ezine apho uYosefu wambethe isidumbu sikaYesu Kristu emva kokususwa kwakhe esiphambanweni. Emva kokuvuka kukaMesiya ngokumangalisayo, enye ingubo yengubo yafunyanwa ebhokisini. Ikwahlula ngokucacileyo inkcazo yesilwanyana esinezinxeba kwindawo yeenyawo, intloko, iingalo kunye nesifuba.
"Kwafika kusihlwa, indoda ecebile yaseArimatiya yafika egama likaYosefu, naye wafunda noYesu; Waya kuPilato wabuza isidumbu sikaYesu. Emva koko uPilato wayala ukunikela komzimba; aze athathe umzimba, uYosefu wawusongile ngengubo ecocekileyo waza wawubeka ebhokisini lakhe elitsha, awalitye eweni; kwaye, ethululela ilitye elikhulu emnyango webhokisi, ethatha umhlalaphantsi "
Iingqumbo zokuqala ukuba ibali leSikhumbuzo - lingabi ngaphezu kwefantasy, luchukunyiswa yinkcazo yecawa kwiByzantium XI inkulungwane. Phakathi kwababingeleli apho, isibingelelo sihlanganiswa nomfanekiso kaKristu - eqinisweni, ikopi, ingcwaba efanayo yokungcwaba - yaqala ukuthandwa. Kwicawa nganye yaseConstantinople, izikhonkwane ezininzi zifumaneka.
Isihlandlo sokuqala malunga nesiqwenga seTurin kwimbali saziwa ngo-1353. Umkhonto waseFransi uGeoffroy de Charney kwindawo yakhe kufuphi neParis ubonakalisa isithsaba sokunqula, ngokubonisa ngokuzithandela kuwo wonke umntu aze axelele ibali lekhanda. Ngo-1345 wabamba iqela elijongene nejoka laseTurkey, apho ekulweni wakwazi ukufumana indlu yobuKristu ezandleni zakhe. Ukufunyanwa kukaGeoffrey kuye kwafunyanwa yintsapho yasebukhosini: bayakha icawa ejikelezileyo yabo kwaye bayimisela uhambo oluya kuyo.
Iimpondo zakwazi ukufumana isityebi ngokukhawuleza kwaye zinikezele ingqonge kwintsimi xa iNgesi ihlasela umhlaba. Bamthabatha eSwitzerland baza bathengiswa ngokufanelekileyo kwiiDukes zaseSavoy. Intsapho ehloniphekileyo yamema iingcali ezivela kwiVatican ukuba zihlolisise isiqu. isigwebo sazo:
"Umzobo oqhelekileyo ongenanto."
Ngowe-1983 izikhulu zanikelwa eTurin - iVatican yaba ngumnikazi wayo, kangangokuba iminyaka emininzi edlulileyo yayicinga ukuba ingubo engenamsebenzi.
Iziphumo eziphazamisayo zokufunda
Ngoko, i-shrine ilinen yelinen kunye nemifanekiso emibini yamadoda. I-Forensics ikholelwa ukuba umntu ogqitywe kuyo wayexhoba lokufa kanobundlobongela, ngaphambi kokuba ahlutywa ngokubetha. Ngakolunye uhlangothi ubuso bakhe bunamathele izandla kunye nemilenze yakhe kunye. Kwesinye - umva womntu ofanayo kunye nemivimbo. Izifundo ezenziwa ngabo ziqinisekisile ukuba umxholo wesicatshulwa wabonakala xa isidumbu esifakwe kuso.
Inguqu yama-criminologists inyanzelekile ukuba ikhutshwe kwilayibrari ethuliweyo yeirekhodi zeVatican malunga nesiganeko esenzeka ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Umfaki-zithombe uSecondo Pia uthatha imifanekiso embalwa, kwaye ngokubonakaliswa kwembonakalo kubonwe umyalezo ocacileyo kaYesu Kristu. Kwaye, kuyo imibala embalwa yobuso yayibonakala ngakumbi kunokuba isetyenziswe ngokwayo.
"Nangona ndisebenza kunye neendlela ezimbi zefilimu ebumnyameni bebhanti yezithombe, ngokukhawuleza ndabona indlela imifanekiso emihle kaYesu Kristu yaqala ukubonakala ngayo kwiplani yezithombe. Ukususela ngelo xesha, kwakungekho umda kwintlalo. Ndichitha ubusuku bonke uhlolisisa kwaye ndihlolisisa ukufunyanwa. Yonke into yayifana nalokhu: kwi-Turin Shroud ibhala umfanekiso ongcolileyo kaYesu Kristu, kwaye i-positive itholakala ngokwenza okubi kwi-Shroud yaseTurin "
Ngaba abaxelayo babonisa into echasene nayo?
Ngowe-1988, yabhalwa kuphela kwimeko kwimbali, xa iRoma ivumelekile ukucima isincinci esincinci sayo. Yahlula yaba ngamaqela amathathu kwaye yathunyelwa kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo zehlabathi: iYunivesithi yase-Arizona, i-Polytechnic Institute eSwitzerland Zurich kunye neYunivesithi yaseOxford e-United Kingdom. Izazinzulu zavuma ukuba isalathisi sidalwe kwithuba eliphakathi kweminyaka eyi-1275 no-1381. Indlela yokudibanisa yokubamba kwayo, ngokombono wabo, iqinisekisa ukungenakwenzeka kwendalo yayo kwangexesha elidlulileyo-le ndlela yenziwa kwi-Middle Ages. Azingagxininiswa kwimiphumo yokuxilongwa, kuba yayisebenzisa iteknoloji yakutshanje: ukuskena kwe-ultraviolet, i-spectroscopy kunye ne-radiocarbon dating.
Iziganeko ezingachazwanga ezihambelana neTurin Shroud
Ukungabaza ukuchaneka kwethekhnoloji yanamhlanje, ukuqiqa kweembali-mlando kunye nabavubukuli. Ngelixa iimpahla zenzululwazi zibonakalisa ukuba isigubungelo senziwe ngekotoni, izazinzulu zalahlekelwa yipropati ebalulekileyo yalo mzimba. Ikhokothi iyakwazi ukubola, ngoko ipropati eprintiweyo yayingeke iphile nanamhla - ngokungafani neflekisi. Zonke izambatho ezenziwe kwi-Middle Ages zaxutyaniswa: zongeze uboya okanye ikotoni. Ingaba kunengqiqo ngabaphangi ukuba benze umshini okhethekileyo wokukrazula owenziwe ngeflekisi ye-100%?
Ingqonge ingabizwa ngokuba yi "IVangeli Ye-5" ukuba kuphela ngenxa yokuba uhlalutyo luqinisekisa ukuba amanqaku kuwo ayindawo yegazi lomntu. Ebunzini, ukubonakala kweejethi zegazi legazi kuyabonakala. Baye bephuma kwithsaba yameva: ivava yayo yatshitshisa isikhumba, yayihlaba kwaye yabangela ukuphuma kwamanzi. Igazi lixutywe kunye nama-microorganism kunye ne-pollen yezityalo, ezikhula kuphela kwintsimi yasePalestine, eTurkey naseYurophu yaseYurophu.
Inyaniso yokuba umfanekiso umele kwiitoni ezimnyama zichazwe ngongcamango olumangalisayo. Umbala ofanayo unokunikezelwa kwimizimba kuphela yenkcazelo yeekhemikhali yee-molecule zamathambo, ezenzeka xa zishushu okanye zidlula emisebeni ye-ultraviolet. Oku kuphinda kuqinisekisile ukuba i-Turin Shroud ayifaka nje kuphela ukufa, kodwa novuko lukaYesu.
Ngo-1997, i-Shroud yabonisa amandla ayo angcwele. Ngexesha lokulungiselela ukubhiyozelwa kweminyaka eyi-100 yokuqala yesifundo sezesayensi seTurin, kwakunomlilo omkhulu. Omnye wabashushu bamlilo wayeva ukugqitywa okukhulu kwamandla. Wayekwazi ukuphula ingilazi yokukhanyela kunye nenqabana yecarcophagus ngengubo ngaphandle komzamo omkhulu, ongaphaya kolawulo lomntu oqhelekileyo. Ungayibonisa njani enye loo mcimbi, ukuba kungenjalo ngommangaliso weScrew of Turin?