Kwimibuzo yendlela yokutshiza kakuhle utamatisi, kukho izinto ezininzi ezinzulu - ukulungiswa komhlaba ofanelekileyo, ukukhangela amandla afanelekileyo, ukukwazi ukugqiba ixesha lo msebenzi, ukuthotyelwa kweqondo lokushisa kunye nomswakama. Ukungayithobeli le nkqubo kudla ngokukhokelela ekufeni kwezityalo ezixabisekileyo.
Kuchaneka njani ukuba udibanise utamatisi?
Ngenxa yokugcina indawo kunye neengxaki zokuhambisa amanzi, akunakwenzeka njalo ukuhlwayela ingcamango engadini ngqo kwisitya kunye nomthamo we-500 ml. Ekuqaleni, amahlumela amancinci aphuhliswa kakuhle kwiikomityi ezincinci okanye abadwebi abanzi. Njengoko indawo yokukhula kwisitya encinci iyancitshiswa, iingcambu zithintela, ukhuphiswano lwamanzi, ukukhanya kunye nezinto ezincedo ziqala. Ukukhetha iitamatisi ngokufanelekileyo kukuvumela ukuba ugweme ukubonakala kwezifo ezingathandekiyo, kushukumise ukuphuhliswa kwesiqu esinamandla, iingcambu ezinamandla.
Kuthetha ukuthini ukukhetha izityalo zentamatato?
Ingcamango yokukhethwa ngokufanelekileyo kwinqanaba lokujonga i-biologist yezobuchwepheshe ithetha inkqubo yokukhuthaza ukuhlanganiswa kwempompo yenkcenkcesho enkulu ye-prischipki kunye nomhlaba wokutshala kwezityalo emhlabeni. Igama lo msebenzi lwenziwa ngenxa yegama lesiFrentshi elithi "pique", inqaku elincinci lisiza ukutshala ihlumela elincinci elincinci ngokukhawuleza emhlabathini. Ukufunda umbuzo othi kutheni ukhetha izityalo zentamatato, sithetha ngoku kutyunjwa ngokucwangcisekileyo kwezithombo ezihluma kwisitsha esitsha ukuze unciphise kwaye ukwandise ummandla wesondlo.
Ngaba kuyimfuneko ukuhlamba izityalo zentamatato?
Phakathi kwabalimi bezolimo kunye nabaqeqeshi, akuqhelekanga kwiifom ukuba zixubushe malunga nokuphumeza lo msebenzi. Ukuze ugweme iimpazamo kwaye ungalahlekelwa yimbewu, kufuneka ukwazi ngokucacileyo ukuba utamatisi uhamba njani ekukhuleni ekhaya:
- Zama ukwenza utamatato, uhlwayelwe kwibhokisi eliqhelekileyo. Ngexesha elide, iingcambu zabo zidibene, ezikhokelela ekutheni sisondlo esingasondli kunye nokukhula kancinci, okwenza kube nzima ukutshintsha izityalo kwi-greenhouse okanye kwintsimi.
- Qinisekisa ukuba uzifundele iteknoloji yomsebenzi, indlela yokudibanisa kakuhle utamatisi, ukuba ufuna ukufumana izithombo kunye nenkqubo enezimpande ezinamandla kunye neengcambu zangasemva.
- Xa ukuhlwayelwa okuqinileyo, ukuchongwa okuchanekileyo kunceda ukuba ungayithinteli ngokukhawuleza amahlumela obuthathaka ngexesha lokuqala.
- Ukuba kukho isifo ebhokisini, kufuneka udibanise ngokukhawuleza utamatisi emhlabathini omtsha ukukhusela intsholongwane yezityalo eziseleyo.
- Ukudibanisa ngokufanelekileyo utamatisi kuyadingeka ukukhusela ukunweba kweentlobo kunye nokuphuma kwazo.
Uyakuthabatha nini utamatisi?
Ixesha lokuhluma kwezilwanyana zentamatyambo kuxhomekeke kwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa izityalo. Kwinqanaba lamagqabha ahlanjululwayo, ukutshintshana okutshatyalaliswayo kukudlulisa oku kuqhube ngakumbi, kuvunyelwe ukuba kwenziwe kwiimeko eziqhelekileyo, xa kukho isongelo lokufa kweetamatati ngenxa yokusuleleka kumlenze omnyama . Kuchanekile ukwenza ukukhangela kwisigaba sokwakheka kwe-2-3 kweli phepha, ukulibaziseka kukukhokelela ekugqibeleni kwe-stem, ukusetyenziswa kweengcambu kunye nezinye iingxaki.
Imithetho yokucoca izityalo zentamatato
Kubalulekile ukuba ufunde imigaqo yokukhetha iitamatisi ukulungiselela kakuhle olu lugunyaziso olubalulekileyo nolubalulekileyo. Kule meko, kukho imiba emininzi enokuchaphazela kakhulu ukuphuhliswa kwezityalo. Ngokunyaniseka kulula ukulimaza izityalo okanye kukuvimbela kakhulu ukuphuhlisa kwabo. Nazi ezinye iinkalo zenkqubo, indlela yokudibanisa kakuhle utamatisi ekhaya:
- Siyakugatya abagulayo, abangezantsi, abatyatilekileyo abathathaka.
- Ukuthambisa ngokufanelekileyo komhlaba ngexesha lokutsalwa kwelanga kukukwenza kube lula kwaye kunceda ukwenza lo msebenzi ngaphandle komonakalo omkhulu kwiingcambu ezibuthathaka.
- Emsebenzini kuyinqweneleka ukusebenzisa i-sovochk, i-scapula okanye enye indlela efanelekileyo yokuphuculwa kunye nokutshintshwa kweetatatayi.
- Ukugxininisa itamatato ngaphezu kwendawo yokukhula kunokuthintela uphuhliso okanye ukucotha kakhulu.
- Ukuziqhelanisa nokuchonga okuchanekileyo kwonakalisa utamatisi, izityalo ezincinci zithatha ingcambu kumhlaba omtsha ngokukhawuleza.
- Nangona ukukhetha okulungileyo kukubangela ukutshatyalaliswa, utamatisi ugule kwiintsuku zokuqala ezingu-2-3, akufuneki ukusebenzisa izichumisi ezinzima ngeli xesha lokutya.
- Xa utshintshela umhlaba, cindezela phantsi iminwe yakho ukuba ususe i-voids kwaye uqinise uqhagamshelwano lomgca wesondlo kunye neengcambu.
- Ukuba ufanele wenze lo msebenzi, indlela yokudibanisa kakuhle utamatisi kwikhaya elibhetele, ke kulula ukwenza oku kwiindawo zokuhlala ezilungiselelwe ubunzulu obufunekayo.
- Ukugqithwa kweengcambu eziphambili zichanekile kummandla omanzi kwaye opholileyo, kule meko inkqubo yomhlaba ihlupheke ngaphantsi kobuninzi obuninzi kunye nemvula. Kwiindawo ezitshisayo kunceda ukuba ube nezityalo kunye neengcambu zengcambu ezinzulu.
Iindlela zokuthabatha utamatisi
Kukho iindlela ezahlukeneyo zokufumana izithombo, ngoko kufuneka uzikhethele kwaye ufunde kakuhle indlela yokukhetha utamatisi. Ikhetho elifanelekileyo lixhomekeka kwiimeko ezithile zokukhula kweentsenti. Uhlobo oluthile lokuchithwa okuchanekileyo luphuhliswa kwaye lusetyenziswa ngokubanzi ngabadlali abathandayo:
- Ukutshintshwa kwetamatato ukusuka kumlinganiselo omncinci ukuya kwisitya esikhulu. Le ndlela ifanelekile ukuhlwayela imbewu kwiikomityi kwaye ivumela i-rootlets encinci. Ukuze umhlaba kunye neetamatati zisuswe kalula kwisitya kwaye ungaqhubeki, kufuneka uwuthile.
- Ukutshintshwa kwetamatato - kwenziwa xa kukhula izithombo kwiqonga lokuqala kwiibhokisi ezifanayo. Ukuze izityalo zitshintshwe inkqubo ngenzululwazi kwaye ngokukhawuleza zenyuka ekukhuleni, kuyanqwenela ukuchaneka ngokufanelekileyo kwaye ihambise kakuhle iifom kwisitsha esitsha kunye nesitya esincinci sobumba. Ukukhupha ngentonga, i-skewer, i-toothpick okanye nje ngomunwe.
Ziziphi iitamatato ezichongayo?
Xa ucwangcisa, apho iiglasi zidibanisa utamatisi, kuyimfuneko ukuqwalasela ubungakanani babo ngokuchanekileyo. Izimbizi ezinkulu zezityalo ezincinci zikude kwisisombululo esifanelekileyo, iingcambu ezincinci asinalo ixesha lokukhawuleza ukuqonda indawo, ekhokelela ekutheni umhlaba uphonkce kunye nophuhliso lwezifo. Kwiintlobo ezincinci, kuya kuchaneka kokuqala ukuthatha iziglasi kwi-100 - 150 ml. Emva kweentsuku ezingama-15, ukuba kunyanzelekile, umlimi wemifuno wenza i-picking ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwi-tank 500 ml.
I-Primer yokukhetha izityalo zentamatato
Xa usebenza ne-batch encinci yezityalo ungathenga i-primer yokukhetha utamatisi, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo abalimi bazenza ngokwabo. Qinisekisa ukuba utshabalalise umhlaba ngefungicides - manganese, iPhytosporin kunye namanye amalungiselelo ngaphambi kokusetyenziswa. Kwihlabathi elimandlayo, sifaka i-ash ash. Nantsi iresiphi elula yomhlaba kwizithako ezikhoyo, eziza kulandela ngokufanelekileyo iitato ezincinane:
- 1 inxalenye yomhlaba wegadi;
- 1 inxalenye ye-humus ngokupheleleyo;
- malunga neengxenye ezi-2 ze-peat;
- I-1/2 inxalenye yesanti yomlambo.
Ziyiphi ubunzulu obunokutshiza utamatisi?
Kufuneka ukuba wazi kakuhle xa ukhetha iitamatisi - indlela yokusika kakuhle ihlumelo ngexesha lo msebenzi. Senza umgodi ngomhlaba ngomnwe okanye kwisixhobo kwaye uthumele imbewu yethu nge-clod yomhlaba. Kucetyiswa ukuzalisa isiqalo kunye nomhlaba malunga nomgangatho wee-cotyledon, ngoko sinokuqinisa intlobo yezityalo kwiimbewu zethu. Ukutshala ngaphantsi kweli nqanaba akukhuthazwa, ukungcwaba ngokuqinileyo kubakhokelela ekukhuseleni ukukhula.
Ukunyamekela izityalo zentamatato emva kokukhetha
Kubalulekile ukuba imifuno enomtsalane ukwazi indlela yokufundela utamatisi emva kokukhethwa kwelanga, ubondle, uwatye. Kucetyiswa ukuba ugcine uqala kwi-penumbra ekubuseni kwelanga ukuya kwi-22 ° C, uze usethe ukukhanya okuphezulu kwaye uhlawule ubushushu kwi-20 ° C. Ngokusondeleyo kumhla wokufakelwa kwintlawulelo emhlabathini, siqala ukuvelisa izityalo kwilanga. Akuvumelekile ukwenza lo msebenzi ngokukhawuleza ukwenzela ukuba kungabangela ukutshisa okukhulu okanye ukufa kwetamatato. Ngokuthe ngcembe uthabathe ibhokisi phantsi kwemibala evulekile, uwashiye okokuqala kwiminithi engama-30, kwaye ke ixesha lokuhlala phantsi kwelanga ukwandisa.
Ukugqoka okuphezulu kwezityalo zentamatato
Qala ukwenza izixhobo zamaminerali emva kokutshintshwa kwesitshixo kwisitsha esitsha. Ukugqoka okuphezulu kweetamatisi emva kokukhetha kuthatha ubuncinane iintsuku ezili-10, xa ziqhele ukuba zithande. Eli nyathelo lidibaniswe nokunisela okuphezulu. Imiphumo emihle kukusetyenziswa kwe- nitrofoski , ngomsebenzi oyifunayo ukuchithwa ngokufanelekileyo i-tablespoon yalolu luhlu olunzima kwiilitha ezili-10 zamanzi. Ukusetyenziswa kwezilwanyana ezilandelayo emva kweentsuku ezimbini. Nantsi iresiphi elula yokwenza i-tomato yokugqoka xa ubala kwibhakethi yamanzi acocekileyo:
- i-sulfate ye potassium-ukuya kwi-12 g;
- superphosphate - 35 g;
- urea - 4 g.
Ungayinisela njani ityatato izityalo?
Ubumanzi obugqithiseleyo buhlala bulimaza utamatisi kwaye bukhokelela ekuphuculweni kwangangoko kwezifo eziyingozi. Ukutyilisa ngokufanelekileyo utamatisi emva kokukhethwa kwenziwa ngokukhawuleza, kodwa ngobubele. Siyaqinisekisa ukuba umhlaba uyomisa kwaye utyunjwe kakuhle izityalo zethu kuze kube yilapho kufakwe umswakama olandelayo. Ukuthatha inkqubo enikeziweyo, kunokwenzeka ngokunyanzeliswa ngamandla kwamanzi ngokungabonakali ukuphula iziqu okanye ukubetha amagqabi kwaye uhlume emhlabathini. Oku kufuthi kwenzeka ngeentamatato ezincinane ezityalwe kwisigaba se-cotyledon. Kucebise ukuba usebenzise amathanga okunisela ngamabhobho amnandi okuthambisa.