Unqulo lweMonotheism - ukuvela kobuqu kunye neempembelelo zenkcubeko

Kukho iintlangano ezininzi zonqulo ezaziwa ukuba zenziwa ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo kwaye zinemigaqo yazo kunye neziseko. Enye yezinto eziphambili ziyinani loothixo abantu abakholelwa kuyo, ngoko kukho iinkolo ezisekelwe kwinkolelo kunqulo omnye, kwaye kukho intolithini.

Ziziphi iicawa zodwa?

Imfundiso yoThixo omnye ubizwa ngokuba yi-monotheism. Kukho amaritha amaninzi anokwabelana ngombono woMdali odale phezulu. Ukuqonda okokuba inkolo yonqulo, kuthetha ukubaluleka kokuthetha ukuba eli libizo lamathathu ehlabathi jikelele: ubuKristu, ubuYuda kunye ne-Islam. Ngokumalunga nezinye iinkqubo zonqulo, iingxabano ziyaqhubeka. Kubalulekile ukutshintsha iinkolo zamanye amazwe - ezi zikhokelo ezicacileyo, kuba abanye baxhobisa iNkosi ngobuntu kunye neempawu ezahlukileyo, ngelixa abanye bephakamisa ubuninzi bobuthixo kwabanye.

Uthini umahluko phakathi kwe-monotheism kunye neentlanga?

Ngengqiqo yento enjengokuthi "i-monotheism" yaqondwa, kwaye ngokuphathelele i-polytheism, ngoko yinto echasene ngokupheleleyo kunye ne-monotheism kwaye isekelwe elukholweni kwiinthixo ezininzi. Phakathi kweenkolo zanamhlanje, ziquka, umzekelo, amaHindu. Abaxhasi beintlanga ba kholelwa ukuba kukho oothixo abaninzi abanempembelelo, iimpawu kunye nemikhwa yabo. Umzekelo ocacileyo yiothixo baseGrisi yamandulo.

Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba ekuqaleni kwavela i-polytheism, ekugqibeleni idlulela ekubeni nokholo kuThixo omnye. Abaninzi banomdla kwizizathu zokutshintshela kwiintlanga-zintetho ukuya kwi-monotheism, kwaye ke kukho iingcaciso ezininzi kule nto, kodwa unobulungisa kakhulu. Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba utshintsho olunjalo lwenkolo lubonisa izigaba ezithile ekuphuhliseni uluntu. Ngaloo mihla, inkqubo yekhoboka yaqiniswa kwaye ubukhosi buyadalwa. I-Monotheism sele ibe yinto esekelwe ukusekwa koluntu olutsha olukholelwa kumntu omnye kunye noThixo.

IiNkolo zeMonotheistic zehlabathi

Kuye kwathiwa ukuba iinkonzo zehlabathi eziphambili, ezisekelwe kwi-monotheism, zibuKristu, amaSulumane kunye nobuYuda. Abanye abaphengululi bacinga ukuba luhlobo lobomi lobomi, olujoliswe ekuqiniseni umxholo wokuziphatha kuwo. Abalawuli bamazwe aseMandulo yeMpuma ngexesha lokubunjwa kwe-monotheism abazange baqondiswe kuphela ngeminqweno yabo kunye nokuqiniswa kwamazwe, kodwa kunye nethuba lokuxhaphaza abantu ngokufanelekileyo njengoko kunokwenzeka. UThixo wenkolo yonqulo yabanike ithuba lokufumana indlela eya kwimiphefumlo yamakholwa kunye nokuqinisa itrone yabo yokumkani.

Unqulo lweMonotheism - ubuKristu

Ukuqwalasela ngexesha lokuvela kuyo, ubuKristu buyingoma yesibini yehlabathi. Ekuqaleni, kwakuyihlelo lobuYuda ePalestina. Ubuhlobo obunjalo buyabonakala kwinto yokuba iTestamente Endala (inxalenye yokuqala yeBhayibhile) yincwadi ebalulekileyo kumaKristu nakumaYuda. Ngokubhekiselele kwiTestamente eNtsha, equkethe iiVangeli ezine, ezi ncwadi ziyingcwele kumaKristu kuphela.

1. Kukho i-monotheism kwisifundo seziphoso zobuKristu, kuba isiseko sale nkolo lukholo kuYise, uNyana kunye noMoya oyiNgcwele. Kwabaninzi, oku kuphikisana nezinto ezisisiseko ze-monotheism, kodwa ngokwenene zonke zibonwa zizinto ezintathu zeNkosi.
2. UbuKristu bubonisa ukuhlengwa nokusindiswa, kwaye abantu bakholelwa kwintsimi kaThixo kumntu onesono.
3. Xa kuthelekiswa nezinye iinkonzo zobuKristu kunye nobuKristu, kufuneka kuthiwe kule nkqubo, ubomi buphelelwa nguThixo kubantu. Kweminye imigudu umntu kufuneka enze imizamo yokwenyuka eNkosini.

Unqulo lweMonotheism - ubuYuda

Inkolo endala, eyavela malunga ne-1000 BC. Abaprofeti basebenzise iinkolelo ezahlukahlukeneyo zexesha ukuba benze i-entsha yangoku, kodwa ukuphela kokubaluleka kokubakho kwakukho uThixo omnye kunye noThixo onamandla onke, okufuna ukuba abantu bagcine ngokugqithiseleyo ikhowudi yokuziphatha. Ukuvela kwe-monotheism kunye nemiphumo yenkcubeko yintsimi ebalulekileyo ukuba izazinzulu ziyaqhubeka zihlola, kwaye kwibuYuda inqaku elilandelayo liyabonakala:

1. Umsunguli walo mkhwa ngumprofeti uAbraham.
2. I-Jewish monotheism isungulwe njengengcamango eyisiseko yokuphuhliswa kokuziphatha kwabantu bamaYuda.
3. Okwangoku kusekelwe ekuqalisweni kukaThixo uThixo, ogweba bonke abantu, kungekhona kuphela abaphilayo, kodwa nabafileyo.
4. Umsebenzi wokuqala wobuLwazi lobuYuda - iTorah, ebonisa iimfundiso eziphambili kunye nemiyalelo.

Unqulo lweMonotheism - Islam

Inxalenye yesibini enkulu kunazo zonke yiSilamsi, eyavela emva kweminye imigaqo. Le yangoku izalwe kwiArabia ngekhulu le-7 AD. e. Ingundoqo ye-monotheism yamaSilamsi ikulo mfundiso elandelayo:

1. AmaSulumane kufuneka akholelwe kuThixo omnye- Allah . Umelelwa yinto ephethe iimpawu zokuziphatha, kodwa kuphela kwizinga eliphezulu kakhulu.
2. Umsunguli walo mkhuba nguMuhammad, kuye uThixo wabonakala waza wamnika uluhlu lwezityhilelo, ezichazwe kwiQur'an.
3. IQuran yincwadi enkulu engcwele yamaSilamsi.
4. Kwi-Islam, zikhona iingelosi kunye nemimoya emibi, ebizwa ngokuthi i-jinns, kodwa zonke izixhobo zisegunya likaThixo.
5. Wonke umntu uphila ngokumiselwa kwangaphambili kukaThixo, kuba u-Allah uyamisela isigqibo.

Unqulo lweMonotheism - uBuddhism

Enye yeenkolo ezindala zehlabathi, ogama layo lidibaniswa nesihloko esibalulekileyo somsunguli wayo, kuthiwa yiBuddha. Kukho okwangoku eNdiya. Kukho iinzululwazi ezibala iicawa zamanye amazwe, zikhankanya ngoku ezikhoyo, kodwa eqinisweni azinakuthi zithathwa ngokuba yi-monotheism okanye i-polytheism. Oku kuchazwa ngento yokuba uBuddha akaphiki ukuba kukho oothixo, kodwa uyaqinisekisa ukuba wonke umntu uyathobela isenzo se karma. Ngenxa yoko, ukucinga ukuba yiziphi iicawa ezizodwa, akulungile ukuquka ubuBuddha kuloluhlu. Amalungiselelo ayo aquka:

1. Akukho mntu ngaphandle komntu onokumisa inkqubo yokuzalwa ngokutsha kwe "samsara" , kuba ngamandla akhe ukutshintsha ngokwakhe aze afinyelele kwi-nirvana.
2. UbuBuddha bunokuthatha iindidi ezininzi, ziqwalasela apho zivuma khona.
3. Olu lathiso luthembisa kumakholwa ukukhululwa ekubandezelekeni, amava kunye nokwesaba, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo, aluqinisekisi ukungafi komphefumlo.

Unqulo lweMonotheism - amaHindu

Umlambo waseVedic wamandulo, oquka izikolo ezahlukeneyo zefilosofi kunye nezithethe, kuthiwa yiHindu. Abaninzi, bachaza iinkonzo eziphambili ze-monotheism, akuboni ukuba kuyimfuneko ukukhankanya olu lathiso, kuba abalandeli bayo bakholelwa kwiingxowa-zithi ezigidi ezingama-330. Enyanisweni, oku akunakucingwa njengengcaciso echanileyo, kuba ingqiqo yamaHindu iyinkimbinkimbi, kwaye abantu bayayiqonda ngendlela yabo, kodwa yonke into yamaHindu ixhomekeke kuThixo omnye.

1. Iingcali zikholelwa ukuba omnye uThixo ophakamileyo akakwazi ukuqondwa, ngoko ke umele kwizinto ezintathu ezenzeka emhlabeni: Shiva, Vishnu noBrahma. Wonke umkholi unelungelo lokuzikhethela ngokwakhe ukuba yiyiphi indlela yokwenza ukukhetha.
2. Le yangoku inkolo ayinayo isicatshulwa esisisiseko, ngoko amakholwa asebenzisa iVedas, i-Upanishads nabanye.
3. Indawo ebalulekileyo yamaHindu ibonisa ukuba umphefumlo womntu ngamnye kufuneka udlule kwinani elikhulu lokuphindukuzalwa.
4. I-Karma ikuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo, kwaye zonke izenzo ziya kuthathwa ingqalelo.

Unqulo lweMonotheism - iZoroastrianism

Esinye sezikhokelo zonqulo zakudala yiZoroastrianism. Abaphengululi abaninzi beenkolelo bakholelwa ukuba zonke iinkonzo zonqulo ziqala ngelo xesha. Kukho iimbali-mlando ezizithethayo ukuba yi-dualistic. Kwabonakala kwiPersi yamandulo.

1. Le ngenye yeenkolelo zokuqala ezazisa abantu umzabalazo wokulungileyo nokubi. Amandla okukhanya kuZoroastrianism amelwa nguThixo u-Ahuramazda, kwaye imimoya yamnyama imelwa ngu-Ankhra Manui.
2. Inkolelo yokuqala yokukholelwa kwimizimba ibonisa ukuba wonke umntu kufuneka agcine umphefumlo wakhe ngobumsulwa, esasazeka kakuhle emhlabeni.
3. Okubaluleke kakhulu kwiZoroastrianism akusiyo inkolo kunye nomthandazo, kodwa izenzo ezilungileyo, iingcamango namazwi.

Unqulo lweMonotheism - uJainism

Inkolo yamandulo yamandulo, eyayiyindlela yokuguqula ubuHindu, ibizwa ngokuba yiJainism. Kwabonakala kwaye kwasasazwa eNdiya. Inkolo yonqulo kunye neYainism ayinanto into efanayo, kuba eli langoku alithethi ukholo kuThixo. Imigaqo ephambili yale khokelo ifaka:

1. Yonke ubomi emhlabeni unomphefumlo onolwazi olungapheliyo, amandla kunye nolonwabo.
2. Umntu kufuneka abe noxanduva lobomi bakhe ngoku kunye nangomso, kuba yonke into ibonakaliswa kwi karma.
3. Injongo yalo mkhangeli ukukhulula umphefumlo kwizinto ezimbi, ezibangela izenzo ezingalunganga, iingcamango kunye neengxoxo.
4. Umthandazo oyinhloko waseJainism yi-mantra ye-Navokar kwaye ngexesha lokucula kwakhe umntu ubonisa intlonelo kwimiphefumlo ekhululiwe.

Iinkonzo zeMonotheism - iConucucianism

Abaphengululi abaninzi bakholelwa ukuba iConfucianism ayinakuyicinga inkolo, kwaye iyayibiza ngokuba yintanda yefilosofi yaseChina. Iingcamango zokuxhaswa kwamanye amazwe zingabonakala kwinto yokuba uConfucius wayedityaniswa ngexesha elide, kodwa oku kusebenzayo okwangoku akunakuyinyamekela imeko kunye nemisebenzi kaThixo. I-Confucianism kwiintlobo ezininzi ihluke kwiinkonzo zehlabathi ezizodwa.

1. Isekelwe ekuphunyezweni ngokungqongqo kwimimiselo nemikhosi ekhoyo.
2. Into ebalulekileyo kule nkcubeko kukuhlonela ookhokho, ngoko uhlobo ngalunye lunetempile yalo apho kwenziwa khona imibingelelo.
3. Injongo yomntu kukufumana indawo yakhe ngokuvisisana kwehlabathi, kwaye oku kuyimfuneko ukuphucula rhoqo. UConfucius wacebisa inkqubo yakhe ekhethekileyo yokuvumelanisa kwabantu abanezendalo.