Akunakwenzeka ukucinga ubomi ngaphandle kolawulo olukude, iiwashi zodonga, ii-toy zezingane, iingqungquthela nezinye izinto ezininzi apho ibhetri ibhetri. Kwaye nangona ukwanda kwandiso lwaqala ukusetyenziswa ngokutsha okutshayo (okutshayolekayo) ibhetri, eziqhelekileyo aziyeki ukukhulula, njengoko zikulungele ukunyuka kunye neendawo apho kungekho nto inokuzihlawulisa. Ngoko ke, kwakukho imfuneko yokudala ibhetri engasebenza ixesha elide. Ngoko kwakukho iibhetri ze-lithium.
Kule nqaku, uya kufunda indlela ibhetri ye-lithium eyenziwe ngayo, ukubhalisa kunye nokuba ingahlawulwa kwakhona.
Idivayisi yebhetri yebhethri
Ibhetri ye-lithium yinto efanayo yemithombo yamakhemikhali njengetyuwa, i- alkaline ne-alkaline, kuphela isinyithi esisebenzayo, i-lithium, isetyenziswe endaweni ye-anode.
Iintlobo zeetribhethi ze-lithium zilandelayo:
- uluhlu olukhulu lwamaqondo okushisa apho ndingasebenza khona;
- uxinzelelo lwamandla;
- Ubomi obude obude (ukuya kwiminyaka eyi-15);
- bunzima;
- ukukhutshwa okuncane.
Kuxhomekeke kwizinto ezisetyenziselwa i-cathode, iibhetri ze-lithium zi:
- i-lithium iron disulphide;
- lithium-thionyl chloride;
- lithium-fluorocarbon;
- i lithium-manganese dioxide;
- i-lithium-sulfur dioxide;
- i-lithium iodine;
- i-lithium-copper oxide.
Phakathi kwabo, bahluke phantse kuzo zonke iimpawu zokusebenza: imida yokushisa, ukusebenza kwamandla kunye namandla.
Ngenxa yobunzima benkqubo yokuvelisa, iibhetri ezinjalo zibiza kakhulu.
Ukumakishwa kwamabhethrithi e-lithium kusemgangathweni:
- AAA, AA, C, D - ukubonisa ubungakanani;
- L - sebenzisa kwisakhiwo semichiza ye-lithium;
- R, ifomu leF (i-cylindrical okanye flat);
- manani yirejista.
Iibhetri zeLithium zisetyenziselwa rhoqo amaxesha, iikhomputha kunye nezixhobo zonyango, izixhobo zokusebenza, izixhobo zokubala, kunye nezixhobo zokulinganisa. Ukuze kube lula ukusetyenziswa, zifumaneka ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo: i-cylinder, iipilisi, amaqhosha, izikwere, njl.
Iibhetri ezingabuyiselwayo ze-lithium
Ukuba i-lithium ibhetri engekho ehlawulelwayo ayinayo imfuno ephezulu, ngenxa yeendleko zayo eziphezulu, kwaye ilayishwa kwakhona (iibhetri) - isetyenziswe phantse zonke iifowuni zombane eziphathekayo: ii-laptops, iifowuni, iikhamera nabanye.
Kukho iintlobo ezimbini:
- i-lithium-ion;
- lithium-polymeri.
Njengamabhethri e-lithium aqhelekileyo, iiseli zebhetri nazo zinomsebenzi ophezulu, kodwa ngenxa yokungabikho kwe-electrolyte yamanzi, zihlala zikhuselekileyo kwaye zingabakho naluphi na uhlobo. Kodwa banomdla kakhulu ukubuyisela kunye nokugqithisa, ngoko kufuneka kubekho ukuhlawula kunye nokukhupha i-limiter kwisixhobo sokutshaja. Iibhetri ze-Lithium-polymer zithuthukisiwe ibhetri ye-lithium-ion, zisebenzisa i-gel electrolyte. Kodwa azinakulungele ukusetyenziswa, kuba ibhetri ye-lithium kufuneka ihlawulwe ngeshaja ekhethekileyo.
Njengoko i-alkaline neetyuri zetyuwa, kukho imithetho yokusebenza kunye ne-lithium, kuphela ukungathobeli le mithetho kunokukhokelela kwimiphumo embi kakhulu (umlilo, ukuqhuma).
Xa usebenza neetribhethi ezihlaziyiweyo ze-lithium, landela iziphakamiso:
- igcine kwindawo ehlawulweyo kwindawo epholile;
- qaphela udidi lweqondo lokushisa;
- Gwema ukukhutshwa okupheleleyo rhoqo;
- Gwema ukuvezwa komlilo, isiphaluka esifutshane phakathi koonxibelelwano lwawo, nayiphi na umonakalo kwizindlu kunye neengxube zamanzi ngaphakathi;
- Ungasebenzisi iijaji ezingenzelwe lolu hlobo lwebhetri.
Emva kokuba ibhetri liye lisebenzise ixesha layo, akukhuthazwa ukuba lilahle nayo yonke imfucuza yokutya, kodwa kufuneka ihanjiswe kwiindawo ezizodwa zokufumana iibhetri ezisetyenziselwa ukulahlwa ngokufanelekileyo ngaphandle kokulimala kwimeko.