Iiprotheni izakhiwo zizinto eziyinhloko zokwakha emzimbeni womntu. Iimodeli zeprotheni zikhoyo kwiimveliso zamanzi kwiimali ezithile, kwaye xa kwenzeka ukuncipha okanye ukwanda kwindlela yokugxininisa, umntu unokuthetha ngokuphulwa kwemisebenzi ethile yomzimba. Kwinqanaba kunye nokuphambuka kweso sibonakaliso njengeprotheyini emcini, masithethe ngakumbi.
Iiprotheni emcanjeni - ithetha ntoni?
Ukuqhuba uhlalutyo olubanzi lwebhubhoratri lomchamo, iprotheni ihlolwe ngokwenene, njengolu luphawu olubalulekileyo lokuxilonga. I-Urine eyenziwe ezintsheni ngokucoca kwigazi iqhelekile iqulethe iiprotheyini ezinamaqhezu kuphela kwimilinganiselo ye-trace, leyo yinto encinci, ephakathi komlinganiselo wokufumanisa amandla ngamasu okuhlalutya. Ngokusebenza ngokuqhelekileyo kwinkqubo yokuhlunga kweentso, iamolekyuli zeprotheni, ngenxa yobukhulu bayo obukhulu, azikwazi ukungena emthini, ngoko ke into yokuqala into yokuba iprotheni emcimbini ithetha ukungasebenzi kwemimbrane yokucoca.
Iiprotheyini kumchamo, ogqirhayo awukho ngaphezu kwe-0.033 g / l (8 mg / dl) kubantu abaphilileyo, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo banokufunyanwa kwiimali ukuya kwi-0.14 g / l, ejongwa njengesiqhelo. Ezi zithethe zibhekisela kwinkqubo yokuzimisela nge-sulfosalicylic acid. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba umfanekiso onokuthenjelwa awunikwe ngumlinganiselo weeprotheni ezihlanganisiweyo kwicandelo elinye lomlambo, kodwa ngeprotheyini yansuku zonke emcinini, enqunywe kuwo wonke umthamo wombane oveliswa yizintso ngosuku olunye.
Iproteinuria - iintlobo kunye neendlela zokuphuhlisa
Umqathango apho umchamo ubonisa iprotheni kwi-concentration ephakamileyo kuneendlela ezibizwa ngokuba yiproteinuria. Kule meko, umzimba ulahlekelwa ngaphezu kwe-150 mg yeeprotheyini ezinqamleziweyo ngosuku. I-Syndrome yeproteinuria ingaba yimizimba (isebenzayo) okanye i-pathological, kwaye ayisoloko ihambelana nokusebenza kakubi kwenkqubo yokucoca.
Proteinuria esebenzayo
Ukwanda kwexeshana kwiprotheyini emcini, ogqithisa ubuhlungu, ngamanye amaxesha kubonwa ngabantu abaphilileyo phantsi kweemeko ezithile. Okwangoku, iindlela zokuphuhliswa kweproteinuria esebenzayo azizange zihlolwe ngokupheleleyo, kodwa kukholelwa ukuba oku kungenxa yokungasebenzi kakubi kwenkqubo ye-renal ngaphandle kokutshintsha kwe-anatomical. Iproteinuria ye-physics iyahlula kwiindidi ezilandelayo:
- I-Orthostatic proteinuria (i-postural) - ibonwa ngabantu abaselula abane-asthenic physique emva kokuhlala ixesha elide ekumi okanye emva kokuhamba, kwaye emva kokuba sele behleli kwindawo ephakamileyo ayikho (ngoko ke inxalenye yesondlo ayifumanekanga).
- I-Feverish - iyakunikwa ngamaxesha omkhuhlane, ihamba kunye nokuxhatshazwa komzimba.
- Ukutya - emva kokudla ukutya okuninzi, kuzaliswe ngamaprotheni.
- I-Centrogenic - ngenxa yokuhlaselwa okuxhamlayo, ingxubusho yengqondo.
- Emotional - ngoxinzelelo oluninzi, ukuphazamiseka kwengqondo.
- Ukusebenza (proteinuria yokuxhatshazwa) - kubangelwa ukunyamekela ngokwemvelo, uqeqesho (ngenxa yokuphulwa kwegazi kwintshana).
Proteinuria
Iiprotheyini eziphakanyisiweyo kumchamo zingabamba iqela kunye ne-extrarenal. Iinkqubo zentsholongwane eziqhutyelwa kwizintso zisekelwe kwiindlela ezahlukeneyo, kuxhomekeke kuyo:
- I-glomerular proteinuria - idibene nomonakalo kwi-glomeruli yomzila, ukunyuka kwe-membrane ye-glomerular (ininzi ephuma kwigazi emanzini aseplasini ahlambulukileyo).
- I-proteinuria ye-Tubular ingenxa yokungaqhelekanga kwiibhola ze-renal ngenxa yeengxaki ze-anatomiki okanye zokusebenza, apho amandla okubuyisela kwakhona amaprotheni alahlekile, okanye iiprotheni zithandwa yi-epithelium ye-tubular.
Ngokusekelwe kwinqanaba lomonakalo kwisihlunu se-glomerular, i-proteinuria ye-glomerular yahlula iindidi ezilandelayo:
- Iproteinuria ekhethiweyo - iyenzeka ngesilonda esincinci (ngokuphindaphindiweyo sitshintshwa), esichazwe ngokungena kwamaprotheni anesisindo esisezantsi.
- Iproteinuria engekho-ekhethiweyo-ibonisa isilonda esinzima, apho iinqununu eziphezulu okanye eziphakathi kwamanqindi e-molecular weight zifaka ingqungquthela ye-glomerular.
Ezi zilandelayo zintlobo zezinto ezingaqhelekanga azidibaniswanga neenkqubo zezilwanyana kwizintso:
- Iproteinuria yokuphuphuma (prerenal), ephuma kwimveliso engaphezulu kunye nokuqokelela kwiplasma yegazi yeeprotheni ezinesisindo esiphantsi se-molecular (myoglobin, hemoglobin).
- I-Postrednaya - ngenxa yokuphuma kwi-urine, isihlunu se-renal, i-mucus kunye neprotheni exudate kunye nokuvuvukala kwe-urinary okanye isondo lomzimba.
Isolate proteinuria, ebonakaliswa ngobuninzi benani leeprotheni ezixutywayo kumchamo ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka komsebenzi wempondo, ezinye iimpawu okanye iingxaki. Izigulane ezi zixilongo zibeka ingozi enkulu ekuphuhliseni intlungu emva kweminyaka embalwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iprotheni ikhutshwa kwixinaniso engaphantsi kwama-2 g ngosuku.
Proteinuria - izigaba
Ngokuxhomekeke kumlinganiselo weprotheni kumchamo, kukho izigaba ezintathu zeproteinuria:
- Ichazwe ngokulula (engabalulekanga) - 150-500 mg ngosuku;
- ukubonisa ngokulinganisela - 500-2000 mg ngosuku;
- iproteinuria ebalulekileyo (echazwe) - ngaphezu kwe-2000 mg ngosuku.
Iiprotheni ezibangela umchamo
Ukuqwalasela ukuba kutheni iprotheni emcini ifunyenwe ixesha elide, siza kubhala uluhlu oluhlukeneyo olunxulumene nomonakalo wezintso kunye nezinye izifo. Izizathu ezibonakalayo zeengcambu zeprotheni kumchamo zilandelayo:
- glomerulonephritis ideopathic;
- pyelonephritis ;
- isifo sezintso ze-polycystic;
- i-amyloidosis yeentso ;
- glomerulosclerosis;
- isifo sofuba sezintso;
- lupus nephritis;
- i-tubular necrosis;
- ukulahla okungapheliyo ukutshintshwa kweentso;
- i-thrombosis yeemvini ze-renal;
- izifo zeengso;
- ukulimala kwiintso.
Iimbangela ze-pathology eyongezelelweyo:
- ukuqhubeka kwengcinezelo yomsindo;
- izifo ezivuthayo kunye nezifo zesifo se-genitourinary;
- Utywala
- ushukela nesifo sikashukela se-insipidus ;
- izifo zegazi ezibi;
- ukutshisa okukhulu;
- umhlaza wamaphaphu ;
- izicubu ezinobungozi zesistim sokutya.
Urinalysis - Proteinuria
Ukuqhutywa kwoluphando, njengeprosteniuria yansuku zonke, kunconywa rhoqo kwizigulane ezinezifo ezahlukeneyo zesifo. Kwabanye abantu, olu hlalutyo lubekwe ukuba ukwanda kweprotheni umxholo kufunyenwe ngexesha lovavanyo lomchamo jikelele. Ngelo xesha, kubaluleke kakhulu ukuthumela ngokufanelekileyo imveliso yophando ukwenzela ukuphepha iziphumo ezingathembekiyo.
Iproteinuria yemihla ngemihla - indlela yokuthatha uvavanyo?
Ukuba ufuna ukwazi ukuba iproteinuria yansuku zonke ifana njani, indlela yokuthatha umchamo, le mithetho ilandelayo iya kuqhuba:
- Ngomhla wokuqokelelwa kwezinto zokuhlalutya, ukusela nokutya kwimizi kufuneka ibe nolwazi, ungatshintshi.
- Isitya sokuqokelela sisetyenzisiweyo, sinomthamo ubuncinane ubuncinane beelitha ezintathu.
- Ingxenye yokuqala yentsasa yomlambo ayihambi.
- Iqoqo lokugqibela lomchamo lwenziwa ngokugqibeleleyo emva kweeyure ezingama-24 emva kweqoqo lokuqala.
- Ngaphambi kokuba ujikeleze, kufuneka uhlambe umzimba wakho ngamanzi afudumele ngeendlela zokucoceka ngokusondeza ngaphandle koqhumiso uze usule ngophawu lwekotoni.
- Ekupheleni kokuqokelela umchamo, malunga ne-100 ml yezinto eziqokelelweyo ziphoswe kwisitya esitsha esinyumbayo kwisakhono esipheleleyo kwaye sithunyelwa kwibhubhoratri zingangeeyure ezimbini.
Iproteinuria yinto evamile
Kukholelwa ukuba umgangatho wesiprothini kumchamo womntu omdala onempilo, eqokelelwa ngexesha lokuphumla, malunga ne-50-100 mg. Ukugqithisa inkcazo ye-150 mg / ngosuku yisona sizathu esibalulekileyo sokuvakala i-alamu kwaye ufumene isizathu sokuphambuka, apho ezinye iindlela zokuxilonga zingachongwa. Ukuba ukuqokelela umchamo kweso sifundo kuqhutyelwe kwimvelaphi yomsebenzi wokuzilolonga, umgangatho osemgangathweni wesiqhelo usetyenziswa kuma-250 mg / ngosuku.
Iiprotheyini kumchamo - unyango
Ukususela kwiprotheni eyandisiweyo kumchamo akusiyo imfuyo yokuzimela, kodwa enye yeembonakalo zesifo, kuyimfuneko ukunyanga i-pathology ekhokelela kuloo ngxaki. Izindlela zonyango zinokuhluka kakhulu, kuxhomekeke kwimeko kunye nobukhulu besifo, izifo ezithintekayo, ubudala. Ngokuqhelekileyo xa imeko iphucula kwi-pathology ephambili, iproteinuria iyancipha okanye iphela.