Iimpawu ze-Renal yi-cluster ye-glomeruli ebizwa ngokuthi i-glomeruli. Benza umsebenzi wefayili, basuse emzimbeni kwimveliso yokutshintshisana nokutywala. I-Glomerulonephritis ikhula xa i-glomeruli ichaphazelekayo. Inkqubo yesifo isithintela iimbini zombini, iqhubela phambili kwaye idala iingxaki.
Glomerulonephritis - Izizathu
Kukho ifom yeprayimari neyesekondari echazwe isifo. Ukutshintshwa kokugqibela kubangelwa ngenxa yokuphulwa komthetho. Ngokomzekelo, i-kidney gloneulonephritis yeentso ingenza i-startbo yayo kwimvelaphi yale pathologies elandelayo:
- i-rheumatoid arthritis ;
- I-Alport syndrome;
- lupus erythematosus;
- Isifo sikaFitry;
- i-antiphospholipid syndrome;
- i-hepatitis C;
- i-vasculitis;
- endocarditis;
- i-Coxsackie virus , Epstein-Barr;
- periarteritis;
- amyloidosis;
- Isifo soxolo ;
- Isifo seSenlen-Henoch;
- izihlamba ezimbi.
Uhlobo oluphambili lomonakalo kwi-glomeruli ye-renal yisifo esisodwa. I-post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis ihlala ikhula, ngamanye amaxesha ezinye iibhaktheriya okanye i-parasites zenza njengama-causative agents. Ukulwa nama-microorganisms e-pathogenic, i-immune system ifihla iindiza ezinqabileyo. Ukuba azinqunywanga ngokwazo, ezi zinkimbinkimbi ziqokelela kwi-glomeruli. Kamva, bavusa iinkqubo zokuvuvukala, kwaye inkqubo yokuzikhusela yomzimba iqala ukuhlasela izicubu zayo zezintso.
Glomerulonephritis - udidi
Isifo esicatshungulwayo sahluke ngokwemiqathango yesifundo saso. Iingcali zixilonga i-subacute, i-glomerulonephritis enomdla kwaye ingapheliyo. Indlela yokuqala yokukhubazeka ibizwa ngokuba yinto ekhawulezayo okanye eyingozi, kuthathwa njengento eyingozi kakhulu yomonakalo kwi-glomeruli. Akunakwenzeka ukuba unqande i-glomerulonephritis enjalo - iimpawu kunye nonyango aluxhomekeli komnye nomnye, imeko ibuhlungu nakwihambo elifanelekileyo ngexesha elithile. Olu hlobo lwesifo luphela kwisiphumo esibulalayo kwi-80% yamatyala.
I-glomerulonephritis ephawulekayo ibonakala ngokukhawuleza ngokubonakalayo kunye neempawu ezinzima. Xa sele ufumene i-diagnostic kunye nendlela echanekileyo yeziyobisi, uphephe ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwemiphumo. Ukuba unyango lukhethwe ngokungalunganga okanye ukukhubazeka kwaqhubeka kakhulu ixesha elide, lesi sifo sidlulela kwimeko engapheliyo. Olu hlobo lwesifo lunemihluko emininzi.
Glomerulonephritis
Amanye amagama ohlobo oluchaziweyo lomonakalo kwi-glomeruli ye-renal yilapha, i-urinary. Xa kuphuhliswa uhlobo oluthile lwe-glomerulonephritis, umntu uvakalelwa kakuhle, akukho zibonakaliso ezithile. Ukuchonga uhlobo olusondeleyo lwesifo lunceda uhlalutyo lomchamo kuphela. Ibonisa imizila yeeprotheni kunye nezixhobo zegazi.
I-Glomerulonephritis ifom ye-hematuric
Le ntsholongwane ebizwa ngokuba yi-Berger isifo. Ekuqaleni, inhlalakahle ihlala iyanelisayo, kodwa kamva i-glomerulonephritis ye-hematuric ivuselela izicubu ezincinci kunye nokwanda kwexinzelelo lwegazi. Iimpawu ze-symptomatology zesi sifo akunakwenzeka, ngoko iimvavanyo zebhoratri ziyadingeka. Kufuneka ukuba uhlolisise umchamo ukuze uhlolisise i-glomerulonephritis enjalo - iimpawu kunye nonyango ziqinisekiswa xa izixhobo zegazi zifumaneka kwi-biological fluid:
- erythrocytes;
- maqhekeza eeprotheni;
- thrombocytes.
I-Glomerulonephritis ifom hypertonic
Enye yezona ntlobo eziqhelekileyo zentsholongwane, i-25% yazo zonke izilonda ze-glomerular. I-urinalysis ayinakunceda ukucacisa le glomerulonephritis engapheliyo-ifomu ye-hypertonic ayichaphazeli ukubunjwa kwe-biological fluid. Isibonakaliso esisodwa esibalulekileyo sesifo esicingwe yiingcali yenyuka ngokunyanisekileyo kwixinzelelo legazi. Uxinzelelo lwengqondo luyabonwa ukusuka kwimihla yokuqala yokuqhubela phambili kwentsholongwane kwaye iyaqhubeka ide ixolelwe. Inkcazo ye-diastolic (uxinzelelo ophantsi) ngaphezu kwama-95 mm Hg. Ubugcisa.
I-Nephrotic glomerulonephritis
Olu hlobo lwesifo luqhubeka kunye nokubonakaliswa kwezibonakaliso zekliniki. Kukho i-glomerulonephritis engapheliyo kunye ne-acute ne-nephrotic syndrome. Ubonakaliswa ngophuthi oluqinileyo lwe-tisarca (anasarca), izitho kunye nezicubu ezinothileyo, ngamanye amaxesha i-ascites (i-dropsy). Kulula ukuba iingcali zokuxilonga i-glomerulonephritis - iimpawu kunye noonyango ziqinisekisiwe nakwiimeko zoviwo. Kuphando olongezelelweyo kumchamo umxube omkhulu wefayibha, kunye nokulahleka kwegazi lwe-albin iyafunyanwa.
Ifom ehlanganisiweyo ye-glomerulonephritis
Olu hlobo lwesifo ludibaniso lwe-hypertonic ne-nephrotic syndrome. I-glomerulonephritis edibeneyo ivela kunye nezibonakaliso ezibonakalayo zombini iifom. Ngokukhawuleza kuqhubela phambili kwaye kunokukhokelela kwiinkathazo ezinzulu, ngoko kubandakanya unyango olunzulu. Udidi oludibeneyo lwezilonda ze-glomeruli ye-renal luhlala lubangela ukuba utshintsho kwi-urine (proteinuria kunye ne-hematuria).
I-Glomerulonephritis - iimpawu
Umfanekiso wekliniki wesi sifo esikuyo umbuzo uhambelana nobume bekhosi kunye nohlobo lwazo, kubandakanywa neziphumo zeemvavanyo zelabhoratri. I-Urine kunye ne-glomerulonephritis ishintsha utshintsho lwaso phantse (rhoqo ngaphandle kwefom ekhoyo). Ibonisa amaprotheni kunye neeseli zegazi kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo. Izimpawu ezibonakalayo ze-glomerulonephritis:
- ukuvuvukala okubonakalayo kwemilenze, iinkophe kunye nama-soft tissue;
- utshintsho kumbala we-urine, ukubonakala kobuphovu kuyo;
- uxinzelelo lwegazi, ingcinezelo ye-diastolic;
- ukunyuka kwesisu;
- ukwehla kwimiqulu yemihla ngemihla yamanzi;
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba;
- buthathaka;
- isicefe
- intlungu kwingingqi ye-lumbar;
- ukutshatyalaliswa kwesidlo.
I-Glomerulonephritis - Ukuxilongwa
Okokuqala, uphando luhlolisisa isigulane kwaye luyibuza, lubeka ubukho bempawu ezithile zesifo. Kuba uvavanyo lokugqibela lufunwa iimvavanyo - kunye ne-glomerulonephritis kufuneka idlule umchamo kunye negazi (i-biochemistry). Ukongezelela, ezi zilandelayo zifundo zinikezelwa:
- ikhompyutheni okanye imifanekiso yokuhlaziya yamagnetic;
- X-ray;
- uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound;
- iinjongo ze-biopsy .
I-Glomerulonephritis - unyango
Ulwaphulo lokulimaza i-glomeruli lukhethiweyo kuxhomekeke kwisimo sesifo kunye nobukhulu bekhosi. Ukunyangwa kwe-glomerulonephritis engapheliyo ngexesha lokubuyela kuphinda, ukugula okulula okanye ukuhlukunyezwa kwezilwanyana kubandakanya:
- ukuphumla okulalayo;
- kuthatha imithi;
- ukuthobela ukutya;
- I-Hemodialysis (kwiimeko eziyingozi kakhulu, esongela ubomi bomntu).
I-Glomerulonephritis - unyango, iziyobisi
Ulwaphulo lwe-Conservative lusekwe kuphela yingcali ngokusekelwe kwiziphumo zeengcali kunye nezifundo zebhubhoratri. Kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba yiyiphi into ebangela ukuba i-glomerulonephritis - iimpawu kunye nokunyangwa kwesi sifo zihambelana ngokupheleleyo nezizathu zayo. Ukuba i-pathogen ye-inflammation i-microbes, ukusetyenziswa kwee-antibiotics kunconywa. Kwezinye iimeko, i-nephrologist ingamisela i-antiviral okanye i-anthelmintic agents.
Ukongezelela, ezi zonyango zilandelayo zimiselwe i-glomerulonephritis:
- hypotensive - Ramipril, Captopril, Cilazapril;
- i-immunosuppressants (kubandakanywa ne-glucocorticosteroids) - I-Metipred, Solumedrol, i-Methylprednisolone;
- i-diuretics - iBrinaldiks, iTramuteren, i-Hygroton;
- i-anticoagulants - iPelentan, i-Heparin, iPhenylin;
- i-statins - i-Imuron, i-Chlorbutin, i-Cyclophosphamide.
I-Glomerulonephritis - iindlela zokwenza unyango zabantu
Ezinye iindlela zokwelapha zivunyelwe ukuba zisetyenziswe kuphela ngaphandle kwesigaba esichukumisayo sokugula. Unyango lwe-glomerulonephritis kunye nezilwanyana ezincedisayo zinceda ukuhlangabezana nezinye iimpawu zesifo (ukukhukhuma, ukuhla kwexabiso lomchamo okhishwe ngosuku). Ukupheka kwemvelo akuyikuphelisa iimbangela zokulimaza kwi-glomeruli yeentso kwaye ungayeki iinkqubo zokuvuvukala, ngoko zinokusetyenziswa njengonyango olungancedaniyo.
Imqoqo yemifuno evela kwi-glomerulonephritis
Izithako:
- amaqabunga oomileyo amaqabunga - 40-50 g;
- Imbewu ye-Flax - 60-80 g;
- Iingcambu ezomileyo zebhokisi yentsimi - 45-50 g;
- amanzi - 500 ml.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa:
- Hlanganisa izithako zemvelo kwisitya seglasi.
- Dlulisa umxube wonke ngamanzi abilayo kwaye uvale.
- Ukunyanzelisa iiyure ezingama-2.
- Hlulela ngaphandle kwe-liquide uze uthele kwi-jar ecocekileyo.
- Thatha ikhefu lesithathu lemveliso kathathu ngosuku.
I-tea esuka e-edema
Izithako:
- iintyatyambo ze-chemist's chamomile - 10-15 g;
- utshani obuncinane - 10-20 g;
- amajikijolo kunye namaqabunga e-currant emnyama - 30-35 g;
- amanzi abilayo - 220 ml.
Ukulungiselela, sebenzisa :
- Hlanganisa izithako ezidweliswe kwi-kettle.
- Dlulisa izinto eziqingqiweyo ngamanzi ashushu.
- Ukunyanzelisa i-remedy phantsi kwesiqhekeza isiqingatha seyure.
- Gxininisa umbane.
- Phala ikota yeglasi yesisombululo uze uyihlambe ngamanzi afudumeleyo.
- Phuza imithi njengesiyi (unako ukucola) amaxesha amane ngosuku.
Ukutya kunye ne-glomerulonephritis
Ukutya okucetywayo (amatafula 7a okanye i-7b ye-Pevzner) kuxhomekeke kwimeko yobuthakathaka. Ukutya okugqithisileyo kunikwa ukuba i-glomerulonephritis ebonakalayo ifunyenwe-unyango lubonisa ukuthintela okukodwa kwetyuwa kwimenyu (akukho ngaphaya kwe-2 g ngosuku) nokukhutshwa ngokupheleleyo kwezi zinto ezilandelayo:
- amabakala anamafutha, inyama yenkukhu, intlanzi;
- zokutya;
- imifuno ebukhali (isradi, igalikhi, anyanisi, isithombo);
- iziqholo;
- iziphuzo ze-carbonate;
- ikhofi eqinile kunye nehayi;
- imifuno;
- i zihlunu ezizityebi.
Isixa sokutya kwamaprotheni akufanele sidlule i-40 grams ngosuku. Kucetyiswa ukuba kufakwe kwixesha lokutya lokukhulula ukutya:
- elithandekayo (0.5 kg iswekile kunye ne-550-600 ml yeetayiti okanye izandi);
- ikhabethe;
- amazambane;
- i melon;
- qhawula.
Emva kokuzinzisa imeko, ukuyeka ukuvuvukala nokuqhayisa ubuqhophololo, itafile ye-7b okanye i-7 imiselwe iPevzner. Oku kutya kukunyuka, ukusetyenziswa kwe-5 grams yetyuwa ngemini kuvunyelwe, inani elivumelekileyo leeprotheni kunye namafutha akhula. Ngaphandle kokuphuculwa okuqhubekayo kwimeko yempilo, kucetyiswa ukuba uqhubeke nokulandela ukutya, ukugatya amanqatha, ukucola, ukutshaya kunye nokutya okuthosiweyo.
Iingxaki ze-glomerulonephritis
Xa ufumanisa ukuba isifo kwisigaba esichukumisayo, siphiliswa ngokupheleleyo ngaphandle kwemiphumo kwiimeko ezininzi. Kwiimeko ezinqabileyo i-glomerulonephritis inzima - iimpawu kunye nonyango kunokuchazwa ngokungekho kakuhle okanye ukukhubazeka kufunyanwe kwimeko engafanelekiyo. Isiphumo esona sibi kakhulu sesilonda se-glomerular kukungaphumeleli kwindlala. Iqhubekela phambili kwiminyaka kwaye ikhokelela ekutshintsheni izicubu eziqhelekileyo zokuxhuma.
Ezinye izixazululo ezivusa i-glomerulonephritis:
- thromboses;
- isifo soxinzelelo lwegazi;
- ukukhulelwa kwegazi;
- ukuhluleka kwentliziyo;
- eclampsia;
- ukungabonakali;
- isisu somzimba;
- uremere;
- edema.
Glomerulonephritis - ukuthintela
Ukuthintela ukuphuhliswa kwesimo esibi sesifo, ukuba ukulawulwa kwekhosi yezilwanyana ezinokutheleleka kwintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane, zingaphathwa ngezilwanyana ezifanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo. Ukuthintela i-glomerulonephritis yoluhlobo olungapheliyo kufuna ukulungiswa kwendlela yokuphila kunye nesondlo ukwenzela ukukhusela ukuphinda kubuyele kwenkqubo yokuvuvukala:
- Yeka ukutshaya nokusela utywala.
- Qaphela ukutya kunye nokuthintela ityuwa kunye neprotheni ekudleni.
- Nciphisa rhoqo uxinzelelo lwegazi, thatha umchamo ukuze uhlalutye.
- Ukutyelela ngokukhawuleza i-nephrologist.
- Yiya kwi-sanatorium yeprofile.
- Gwema ukugqithisa.
- Lawula umgangatho wemisebenzi yengqondo kunye nomzimba.
- Ngokukhawuleza, baphathe unyango kwaye bayeke ukuyeka iimpawu zabo.