Iitena zeCeram yinto eqhelekileyo yokwakha. Kwaye inene yena unelungelo lokubizwa ngokuba yitena, kuba liveliswa yindlela yokutshisa udongwe. Ukuthelekisa, isitena se-silicate sisisigxina esiqinileyo, esifanayo nesimo.
Iitena zezitena ziveliswa ngeendlela ezimbini. Ngokuqala, izinto eziluhlaza zenziwe phantsi kwengcinezelo eqinile - oku kuthiwa ukunyanzelwa okumanzi. Isitena esinjalo asifisi ukusetyenziswa kumagumbi amanzi. Indlela yesibini iyaqhelekileyo. Ngaloo xesha, ubuninzi bodongwe bufakwe kwi-press, bomekile baze baphunyezwe. Isiphumo sinye inyekto ebomvu yecenamic ebomvu.
Iintlobo zezitena zeramic
Izitena zeCeram zivame ukuveliswa ngeenjongo ezahlukeneyo. Iyakwakha kwaye ibhekane nayo . Ukongeza, kwaye baneendawo zabo, ngokukodwa - isitena sakhiwo sinokungafihli kwaye sigcwele ngokupheleleyo. Isakhiwo sakhiwo esingenanto sichazwa ngenye indlela, sitshatyalaliswa, sinoqoqosho okanye sithwala. Ukujongana nesitena esinye sininzi esingenangqungquthela kwaye ihlulwe ngokwalo ibe yinto enobumba, ebonakalayo, ephawulwayo, ebomvu kunye ne-engobed.
Cinga ngeentlobo eziphambili zezitena ze-ceramic ngokubanzi:
- Isitena esiqinileyo - ngokwamkeleko echongiweyo, ngoko ke kungabizwa ngokuba yizitena, umthamo we-voids ongadluli kwi-13%. Liyindawo enamandla kakhulu, ngoko isebenzise ngempumelelo ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo ezinamandla. Phakathi kwezinye iimpawu zeso sitena zingabonakaliswa ukunyuswa kobushushu obushushu, ngenxa yokuba iindonga zazo zidinga ukutsalwa kwe-thermal eyongezelelweyo.
- Izitena ezingenanto , njengomthetho, zisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezikhanyayo, ezifana nezindonga zangaphandle ezongezelelweyo kunye nokwahlula, izakhelo njalonjalo. Kwizitena ezinjalo, inani le-voids lidlula i-13%, ngenxa yokuba lihlala lide kangako, kodwa ligcina lingcono ukugcina ubushushu. Nangona kunjalo, ukuze kugcinwe le ngenelo, kubalulekile ukujonga ukuxinwa okufunekayo kwesisombululo, ukuze ingagcwalisi imingxuma kwaye ayiyikuphelisa yonke indawo yokutsalwa kwezitena.
- Ukujongana nezitena . Inemfuno ezizodwa zokubonakala, kuba zisetyenziselwa ukujongana namaqonga. Isitena esinemiphetho egqibeleleyo kunye neembombo, kwaye kunye nombala ofanayo kubonwa njengomsebenzi. Ngendlela, izitena zobuso zininzi ezahlukeneyo zombala wepeyinti zinikezelwa, okwenza kube lula ukuhlobisa izindonga zangaphandle zendlu ngokuhambelana nengcamango yoyilo.
- Ukutshisa izitena kubomnye uhlobo lwezitena zetakerkhi esisetyenziselwa ikakhulu iifayibrari kunye nezinye izakhiwo ezihlala zibonakaliswe kumalamlilo avulekileyo. Isitena esikhokisayo sinokumelana nokushisa okuphezulu. Igama layo livela kwigama ekhethekileyo yodongwe - i-chamotte.
- Isitena se-Clinker - sisetyenziselwa ukujongana neendlela zokusila kunye nokupaka. Kuveliso lwezinto ezinjalo zokwakha, isetyenzisiwe ezikhethekileyo zokubumba, ezitshiswa ekugqibeleni kwiqondo lokushisa ngaphezu kwexesha lokuveliswa kwezitena eziqhelekileyo. Isiphumo sisinyanzelo esinamandla. Ixabisa umyalelo wobukhulu obubiza kakhulu, kodwa ukusetyenziswa kwayo kucebiseke nokuba ukuxhaphazwa kwezixhobo zesakhiwo kunye neendawo zendlela zibi kakhulu kwaye zinzima.
Imigaqo yokuthutha nokugcinwa kwezitena zeramic
Ukuba ufuna ukwakha indlu yakho efanelekileyo yezitena ze-ceramic, jonga ukuhamba kwayo ngokufanelekileyo. Akunjalo nantoni na ukuba inokuthuthwa ngobuninzi kwaye ilayishwe ngokukhawuleza, njengenkunkuma-ngokuguqula i-dumper. Kule ndawo kwizitena kubonakala ukutyunjwa, ukuhlutha, ukuhlaziywa, polovnyak.
Ukuthutha izitena kwiipallets, kwaye ulondoloze ngokukhethekileyo phantsi kombhobho wokukhusela imvula, kunokwenzeka kwiintyatyambo, kodwa rhoqo kunye nezikhalazo zokungenisa umoya kwindawo yokugubha. Musa ukugcina isitena ngobuninzi - ngokuqinisekileyo akuyi kumenza okuhle.