Iipramamidi zikhadi elihambileyo laseYiputa. Ubungqina bokuba iipiramidi zaseYiputa zasendulo zazakhiwa ngabafokazi, zatshitshisa ...
Kwiminyaka emininzi iimbali-mlando zithatyathwa ngokungathandabuzeki ukuba iipiramidi zindawo yokungcwaba kwamaharahara, kwaye nayiphi na enye inguqu yaveliswa njengenzululwazi. Kodwa ngokuphuhliswa kwezenzululwazi kunye neteknoloji, indlela yokufunda iipiramidi ishintshile: kwakunokwenzeka ukufumana iinkcukacha ezingalindelekanga malunga nabo, ukutshintsha iingcamango ezindala malunga nezikhumbuzo ezimangalisayo zakhiwo. Nanamhlanje isayensi esemthethweni ayifuni ukuba iipramamidi zenze loo mi sebenzi, ezo ezobuchwepheshe zanamhlanje zicinga nje ngcamango ...
Ziziphi izinto ezizibonela ngamehlo zithetha ngamapiramidi?
Ingxoxo nakweyiphi na izakhiwo zonqulo kwakuyinto efana nohlobo lwexesha elidlulileyo: iinguqu ezisemthethweni zokwanelisa inzala yamakhoboka aseYiputa yaseYiputa yabiza ukudala izambatho zokungcwaba kommeli oothixo emhlabeni. Ngenxa yoko, kwakungekho lula ukufumana amangqina kwinkqubo yokwakhiwa kwawo.
Omnye wabo kwakunguHerodotus - uthathwa njengombhali wembali yokuba iipiramidi zakhiwa ngamakhoboka. Wayebiza ukuba phakathi kwabangamashumi amabini aneshumi lamawaka abasebenzi basebenze ekudalweni kwamangcwaba ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo. Kwaye kuza ukuchasana kokuqala, okungeke kushiywe ngaphandle kwengqalelo. UHerodotus uthi ukuba kwakhiwa iSphinx yedwa, umzekelo, iibhilidi zamatye ezi-2.3 ezilingana neetoni ezi-5 nganye zasetyenziswa. Ngomhla abasebenzi basebenzise iiyunithi ezingama-300-350, oko kuthetha ukuba abazange bathathe ngaphezu kwemizuzu embalwa ukuhambisa ibhloko enye. Nguwuphi umkhosi abantu kufuneka babe nawo ukujamelana nokunyameka okunjalo?
Umlando-mlando waseYiputa uManefon, owayephila ngaphambi kwexesha lethu, wayeyinyani kwaye akazange afune ukuphinda abhale kwakhona imbali, njengoko uHerodotus wenza. Encwadini yakhe ethi "Imbali YaseYiputa," wathi iminyaka eyi-10 eyadlulayo eYiputa yayidla oothixo abafudusayo iipiramidi kumaYiputa. Amagama kaManefon aqinisekiswa ngumbumba we-inventory omiselwe ekungeneni kwipiramidi ye-Cheops. I-Hieroglyphs kuyo ithi umfanekiso we-Sphinx ubuyiselwe emva kwemvula enamandla ehlamba isiseko sayo. Kodwa imvula yokugqibela elamandla kweli lizwe yayingama-7-8 lamawaka eyadlulayo! Ngokukhawuleza ukuba izazinzulu zenza umdla kwisikhululo, urhulumente waseYiputa wenza ukuba udonga lube ludonga eludongeni lweMyuziyam yaseCairo.
Iinkcukacha zokwakhiwa kweepramamidi, ezingabikho mntu unokufumana inkcazelo
Kukho ezinye izinto ezibonisa ukuba abantu abaqhelekileyo abakwazi ukudala iipramramid. Ngokuchasene neengcinga zokuthi amaYiputa ayenolwazi olukhethekileyo elahlekile kamva, unyaka awuzange udlule, ukwenzela ukuba izikhanyiso zenzululwazi zingenakufumana ukuphikisa kwabo. Ingqungquthela yokuba izakhiwo zale nqanaba zenziwe kuphela njengezikhumbuzo kubaokumkani abasweleyo, ekuqaleni zivakalayo zingabonakali kakhulu.
Abangenayo i-detectors bafumaneka ukuqala kunye nezinto ezisetyenziselwa ukwakhiwa. Lo ngumgubo ogqitywe kwi-quartier yase-Aswan kuwo wonke umlando woBukumkani obudala. Iindonga zecarry zihamba phambili kuze kube yimhla, oku kuthetha ukuba i-granite yaphulwa kunye noncedo lwelaser okanye idayimani, eligawula ilitye xa lisika. Kuye kwangqina ukuba amaYiputa ayengenazo iimpahla zomsebenzi. Konke oku kuqinisekisa ukuba amaYiputa awazange akhe iipiramidi: zibuyiselwe ukuba zihlale zibonakala ngathi zakhiwo.
Inkqubo ekhethekileyo yecandelo lokugaya yayisetyenziswa kwisigaba sokugqibela sokudalwa kwamapiramidi ngokwawo. Ukuhlelwa phakathi kweebhloko kwiipiramidi ze-Cheops, uKhephren no-Joser baneemida ezihamba kakuhle, ezingenakudalwa ngeso sixhobo sokunquma samaYiputa-ubhedu obubonwe ngempembe. Kwiibhloko ungayifumana umkhondo we-drill: ububanzi bomda oshiywe ngu-2 ukuya ku-5 cm. Kutheni amaYiputa, ukuba beyazi ngokwenene ukugubha nokugaya ilitye, abazange batshintshe olu buchule kwimbewu?
Isiseko seemipiramidi ezininzi senziwa ngamatye engokwemvelo. Isiseko sepiramidi yeCheops yayilwalwa, eliphakamileyo ubuncinane ubuncinane beemitha ezili-10. Isiseko saso sinesimo esifanelekileyo sendawo, kwaye sijoliswe kuzo zonke iinkalo ezine zehlabathi. Utshintsho kwihlabathi elingaphantsi kwalo lubonisa ukuba ipiramidi "yaphendulelwa" mandulo: yatshintsha indawo yeendawo ezingaphandle kwemvelo yangaphandle.
Iingcamango zinyaniso malunga neepramamidi ezifihlwe iminyaka emininzi
Iingcali zesayensi azifihla ebantwini inyaniso yokuba kunye neengcinga eziqhelekileyo zexesha kunye neendawo zabantu, ukufunyanwa kwipiramidi akufani kakhulu. Ukwenziwa kwamakhemikhali kwamanzi kuyo kuyahluka kwaye kuhlanjululwe ibhaktheriya ye-pathogenic, amacu ahlaziwe ngelitye elilula, kwaye ixesha lexesha libonakala liphuculwa. Kwiindawo ezifihliweyo zepiramidi ye-Cheops kunye nepiramidi, efunyenwe ngexesha lokuphangwa kwetempile yaseNdiya yeTeotiukan, amacwecwe e-mica aneengcambu ezicwangcisiweyo, ezicutshungulwayo. UMika unokusebenza njengomtshintshi wamandla kunye nolwazi, kodwa le propati yafunyanwa nje kwiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo!
Ingqiqo yokuba ipiramidi inokukhonza kwaye isebenze njengengxowankulu kwezinye ihlabathi kunye nemilinganiselo iyaqinisekiswa nayo yimbali-mlando uManetho. Wayegxininisa ukuba ezinye iipiramidi zanikelwa ngamaYiputa ngoothixo o-Osiris no-Isis, abazisebenzisayo ukuhla emhlabeni. Kwiipiramidi zazigcinwe izinto eziqhelekileyo, umgca omnye ozakuvula i-portal okanye ukubiza izidalwa ezisuka kwilizwe lomnye.
Kwiindonga zethempelesi yaseTeotihukan eMexico, apho kwakudala kwaye engazange ive ngeenharahara, imibhalo enomxholo ofanayo ifunyenwe. Ngowe-1927, ukuhamba kwezesayensi kwathatha i-kayiki eyenziwe nge quartz ephosiweyo ukusuka kwipiramidi. Kwiintsuku ezili-10 onke amalungu ehambo aya kufa emva kwesinye phantsi kweemeko ezicacileyo. Kamva, ezinye iigusha zafunyanwa, imvelaphi engabikho mntu unokuchaza namhlanje, kwaye abo bafumanayo balandela amalungu ohambo lokuqala.
Ukuba amaMaya aseMexico kwaye abangela izidalwa ezivela kwelinye ihlabathi ngoncedo lweengqayi, iiYiputa zazinomshini wangempela. Kwiminyaka yokuqala yama-2000, ama-hieroglyphs atholakala kwi-pyramid ye-Cheops, ethetha ngamatye, onokuya kwixesha elizayo. Kwiminyaka emithathu kamva, amatye amathathu afunyenwe, aphakanyiswe phantsi komngcwaba, iqondo lokushisa elingaphantsi kwama-2-3 ukuya ngaphantsi kweqondo lokushisa kwamanye amatye. Ubushushu obugqithiswe ngabo buphezu kokushisa kwehlobo: ukulinganiselwa kweqondo lokushisa kubonise ukuba nangokutshiswa kwamatye ekutshiseni kwemini, iibhloko ezintathu ze-granite zihlala ziqhwaqhaqhazela. Izikhanyiso zezesayensi zineengxelo ezimbini kuphela kwi-akhawunti yazo: nokuba amatye ayenomlinganiselo ofanayo, kodwa abamba ukushisa komnye, okanye afihla ukungena kwigumbi apho imithetho ekhoyo eyahlukeneyo ye-physics isebenza khona.
Iyesibili isicatshulwa esisebenzayo malunga nemisebenzi yamapiramidi kukusetyenziswa kwayo njenge-antenna okanye kwindawo yokufumana iinjongo zokuphucula imiphakathi. Iipiramidi ngokwayo ifana nesimo esifana ne-crystal kunye nezinto eziphathekayo eziphathwe ngendlela ye-tetrahedron ebonakalayo kwi-decoration yayo. Iipramidi zithuthukisa ukuhanjiswa kwegama, kwaye iikridi ze-quartz zinokusebenza njengombane kunye nobomi benkonzo ende. Kwimiqulu yaseYiputa yexesha elidlulileyo, kukho iziganeko ezininzi zobungqina bokuba ulwazi lwe-crystal lwalufihlakele kuluntu de luye lwafunda ukunqoba ububi.
Ukuze kuxhaswe le ngcamango, izazinzulu zifumene iipramamidi kwiMarsi, eyaziwayo namhlanje njengeplanethi efanelekileyo. Uhambo luya kulungiswa ukuba luhanjiswe kwi-colonize umhlaba, amavolontiya avela phakathi kwabemi baseMhlabeni sele efunyenwe. Kuthekani ukuba xa befika bafumana iindawo eziseleyo impucuko engazange ikwazi ukunqoba ububi kwi planethi ebomvu?