Kubazali, ukuzalwa komntwana kuyona ganeko ebomini kunye nolonwabo olukhulu. Yaye ngenxa yombuso apho lo mntwana wazalwa khona-oku kubonakala kommi omtsha, ohamba kunye nenani leemimiselo. Esinye sezihlandlo ezisesikweni sisigunyaziso kunye nokubhaliswa kobemi bomntwana.
Ziziphi iimeko ezinqumle ukuba ngabemi boonyana?
Emazweni ahlukeneyo ehlabathini, imiqathango ecacisa ubummi bomntwana ekuzalweni ingahluka. Ixesha lenzululwazi yokuchonga ubemi ngokuzalwa liSebe. Ehlabathini kukho iintlobo ezintathu zesebe:
1. UJus sanguinis (lat.) - "ngelungelo legazi" - xa ubummi bomntwana kuxhomekeke ekubeni ngummi wabantwana bakhe (okanye umzali omnye). Le fomu yesebe yamkelwe kumazwe amaninzi ehlabathini, kubandakanywa kuyo yonke indawo yaseSoviet.
Iinkcukacha ezongezelelweyo zeemeko zokufumana ubuzwe "ngelungelo legazi" kumzekelo weRussian Federation. Ngaphansi komthetho waseRashiya, ummi waseRussia Federation ungumntwana ukuba abazali bakhe (okanye omnye umzali) ngexesha lokuzalwa kwakhe babenommi waseRussia. Kwimeko apho indawo yokuzalwa yomntwana ayinandaba. Ngako oko, qaphela ukuba yimaphi amaxwebhu afunekayo ukuze abhalise ubummi bomntwana. Oku kubaluleke kakhulu amaxwebhu aqinisekisa ubemi bokuba ngabazali: ipasipoti eneenkcukacha zobemi okanye (ukuba loo phawu kwipaspoti ayikho) ithikithi lempi, isicatshulwa kwincwadi yasekhaya, isitifiketi esivela kwindawo yokufunda, njl njl. Kwaye ukuba umntwana unomzali omnye, kuya kufuneka omnye umqulu ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mzali wesibili (isitifiketi sokufa, isigwebo senkundla ngokuthathwa kwamalungelo omzali, njl.). Ukuba omnye wabazali ngummi wolunye urhulumente, isatifikethi mazingeniswe kwiNkonzo ye-Federal Migration Service yokuba umntwana akanalo ubumi bombuso. Ngokweziseko zala maxwebhu kunye (nakwezinye iimeko) izicelo zefomu eqinisiweyo, ubummi bomntwana buqinisekisiwe: isitampu esifanayo sibekwa emva kwesitifiketi sokuzalwa somntwana. Isatifikethi sokuzalwa esinesitampu ngokwawo uxwebhu oluqinisekisa ukuba ngummi waseRashiya womntwana. Ukuba isatifikethi sokuzalwa singaphandle, isitampu sibekwe kwicala elichaziweyo leenguqulelo ezibhalwe phantsi. Ngaphambi koFebruwari 6, 2007, izatifikethi zokuzalwa, isitifiketi sokuzalwa sakhishwa.
2. Jus soli (isiLatini) - "ngelungelo lomhlaba (umhlaba)" - ifomu lesibini lesebe, apho ubemi bobantwana bumekwe kwindawo yokuzalwa. Wena. umntwana ufumana ubumi bobuzwe ensimini yakhe eyazalelwa kuyo.
Amazwe anika ubumi ngokuzalwa kwintsimi yabo kubantwana (ababenabo bobabini babazali bezinye iintlanga) ngokuyininzi amazwe aseMntla kunye neMzantsi Melika (okuqondakalayo yizinto zembali). Nalu uluhlu lwabo: i-Antigua neBarbuda, i-Argentina, iBarbados, iBelize, iBolivia, iBrazil, iChile, iColombia, iDominica, iRiphablikhi yaseRominican, i-Ecuador, i-El Salvador, i-Fiji, i-Grenada, i-Guatemala, i-Guyana, i-Honduras, i-Hong Kong, i-Jamaica, iLesotho, iMexico, iNicaragua , EPakistan, ePanama, eParaguay, ePeru, eSt. Christopher naseNevis, eSaint Lucia, eSaint Vincent naseGrenadines, eTrinidad naseTobago, eU.SA, eUruguay, eVenezuela. Kukho nakwamanye amazwe angaphambili ase-CIS umbuso onika ubumi "ilungelo lomhlaba" - nguAzerbaijan. Ngendlela, "ilungelo legazi" lisebenza ngexesha elinye kwiRiphabliki.
Amazwe amaninzi ancedisa "ilungelo lomhlaba" kunye nezinye iimfuno kunye nezithintelo. Ngokomzekelo, eKhanada, isebenza kuwo wonke umntu, ngaphandle kwabantwana abazalelwe kwintsimi yezokhenketho zelizwe. Kwaye eJamani leli lungelo longezwe ngumqathango wokuhlala kwabazali kweli lizwe ubuncinane iminyaka eyi-8. Zonke iinguqu zolu daba zichazwe kumthetho welizwe ngalinye. Kuzo kuya kuxhomekeka kwindlela yokukhupha ubummi kumntwana okhonkco.
3. Ngelifa - ifomu engavumelekanga yesebe, eyenzeka kuphela kumazwe amaninzi eYurophu. Ngokomzekelo, ubemi beLatvia bufunyanwa ngabo bonke ootata babemi beRiphabhuliki yaseLatvia ngaphambi koJuni 17, 1940.
Ngaba ndifuna ubemi kumntwana wam?
Ukuqinisekiswa kobemi bomntwana kuyimfuneko ukufumana ipasipoti, ngaphandle komqondiso wokuba ngummi, ukungafumani i-capital mother, kwaye kwixesha elizayo uxwebhu oluqinisekisa ubuzwe bomntwana luya kufuneka ukuze kufumane ipasipoti jikelele.