Ukuluma kukuma kwamazinyo omhlathi ophezulu ngokubhekiselele kwinqanaba (ukuvalwa kwamazinyo). Abantu abaninzi abazange bacinge ngako, kodwa abanye bacinga ukucinga malunga nokuluma okulungileyo nokungalunganga, kwaye, ngelishwa, ukuphelisa le ngxaki. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ibonakaliswe ebuntwaneni ngexesha lokutyelela okokuqala udokotela wamazinyo, etshela abazali ukuba ukulunywa komntwana kufuna ukulungiswa. Kodwa abaninzi babo abayifumananga le ngxaki, kwaye bacinga ukuba umntwana uya kuphuma, kwaye ekugqibeleni kuba yinkinga yomntu omdala okhulile, nangona, njengokuba kukho ukubonisa, ukuluma kungcono ukulungisa ebuntwaneni nasekukhuleni, xa umzimba uvela.
Iziphumo ze-malocclusion
Ekuboneni kokuqala kubonakala ukuba le nto yinkinga yobuchule, ibonakaliswe kukumamatheka okungapheliyo. Kodwa eqinisweni, i-bite engalunganga nayo inomonakalo owenzayo, obonakalisa kuphela ngexesha:
- Paradontosis. Ngenxa yokulayishwa kwamazinyo angalinganiyo ngexesha lokuhlafuna, bakhululwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, phakathi kwabo kukho izikhefu, kwaye ngokufanelekileyo, kwiminyaka engama-40 kuya kuba nemfuneko yokuchitha ixesha elingakumbi kwi-cheese yamazinyo kunaphambili.
- Ingxaki kunye nama-temporomandibular joints. Kwakhona, ngenxa yomthwalo ongalinganiyo ngexesha lokufuna, amaqhosha anamathele emanqeni kwithambo lexeshana ekugqibeleni angavelisa izandi zokucofa xa umlomo uvulekile ngokubanzi, kwaye kwimeko embi kakhulu, esi sigxina se-dentition senza ukuba kubekho intloko.
- Ingxaki yobuchule. Kubantu abaninzi, le ngongoma ibalulekile njengempilo yamazinyo, ngenxa yokuba isimo sengqondo siphumelele ngenxa yokubonakala okwanelisayo. Ngomlingo olungalunganga, iphrofayili yomntu ibonakala ibonakala ingathandeki, njengomotheka.
Unyango lwe-malocclusion
Ngaphambi kokuthatha isigqibo sokulungisa i-bite engalunganga, umntu kufuneka aqonde ukuba le yinkqubo ende (ubuncinci iminyaka emininzi), engadingi nje inkcitho yenkcitho yenkcitho kuphela kodwa nokunyamezela: utshintsho kwisimo se-dentition asiyi kubuhlungu, nangona le ntlungu ingabonakali, kodwa liqhelekileyo.
Kwakhona, ngaphambi kokuba uphathe ilanga elingalunganga, kufuneka uqonde ukuba kufuneka ukhethe i-orthodontist enhle, oya kuyityelela ubuncinane kanye ngenyanga.
Nangona ukulungiswa kwesilongo esingalunganga singenziwa ngeendlela eziliqela (kuquka ukuhlinzwa okanye imfundo), siza kugxininisa kwi "golide ephakathi", okukuvumela ukuba ungalali phantsi kweqhiya lomtyandi kwaye ungabi nciphisa ixesha ekusebenziseni umzimba ngokungafanele. Umbuzo we-bracket system okanye iiplate.
Indlela yabo yempembelelo ifanayo, umlinganiselo ophela ngowamaxabiso kunye nokukwazi ukulungelelanisa: iibhondi zibiza kakhulu, kodwa kunye nabo unokwenza i-dentition epheleleyo, kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ezinye iziphene azikwazi ukuguqulwa.
Uphulo luqala ngoviwo oluqhelekileyo kwaye lithatha ikopi yesikhombi se-dentition, apho umkhiqizo wokulungisa uza kwenziwa. Emva koko, xa sele silungile, isitya okanye i-braces iqala ukusetha, kwaye emva koko emva kweeveki 2-3 kufuneka u tyelele ugqirha kwi-brach. Ngamanye amaxesha ukulungiswa kwexesha kufinyelela kwiinyanga ezi-2, oku kuxhomekeke kuphela kwicala kunye naziphi iinto ezinokulungiswa.
Iintlobo ze-malocclusion
Ukuluma okungalunganga kwamazinyo kunemizekelo engama-6:
- Dystopia. Kule meko, amazinyo atholakala kwi-dentition, kungekhona kwindawo yayo. Isizathu salolu meko ngokuqhelekileyo sinomhlathi omncinci kunye namazinyo amaninzi, kwaye ezinye zazo zikhula ngaphezu kweminye, ziqhubela phambili phambili.
- Mqalela. Kule meko enye yemihlathi iqhubekile.
- Vula ukuluma. Uninzi lwamazinyo kulolu hlobo aluvali: nokuba umhlathi ophezulu okanye ongaphantsi ukhulu kakhulu kunomnye.
- Ukuluma okukhulu. Kule meko, amazinyo aphezulu awela amazinyo aphantsi ngaphaya kwesithathu.
- Mesial bite. Phambi phambili umhlathi ophantsi.
- Ukungabikho komsebenzi. Apha, nokuba uphuhliso lwentlambo engaphantsi okanye ubungakanani obukhulu becala lomhlathi luba yingxaki.
Le miqondiso ye-malocclusion ingabonakaliswa ngee-degrees ezahlukeneyo kwaye idibene nomnye.
Iimbangela ze-malocclusion
Kukho izizathu ezibini zokubumba kwe-bite engalunganga: izifo zofuzo kunye nezifo zobuntwana eziphazamise inkqubo yokuphefumla. Ukusebenzisa ixesha elide le ingxowa ebuntwaneni kubangele nokuluma okungalunganga ngendlela yomhlathi omncinci.