Ukutyalwa kwamanzi ophahleni - njani ukukhetha ukuchithwa okulungileyo?

Ukucwangciswa ngokufanelekileyo kunye nokugqitywa kwepalati ngokugqityiweyo kunceda kakhulu ukugcina imali yokutshisa indlu. Ukulahleka kokushisa okwenziwe kwiphahla kungafikelela kuma-30%, ngoko ke kunikwa iindleko eziqhubekayo zendalo zamandla, esi sihloko sikhathazeka ngenani elinyukayo labantu.

Ubugcisa be-insulation

Ezi zinto zilandelayo zichaphazela ukukhethwa kwendlela yokufakelwa kwephahla kunye neendlela zokubamba ukushisa: ukuma kunye nokwakhiwa kweepansi, imithwalo yemozulu, uhlobo lwezinto zokuphahla zangaphandle, injongo yendawo ye-attic. Ngokomzekelo, xa uhlela i- attic yokuhlala , awukwazi ukwenza ubusika obandayo ngaphandle kobunqamlezo obuphezulu bokushisa ophahleni lwendlu ngaphakathi.

Iintlobo zokufakelwa kwephahla:

1. Ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermal - isiseko esiphezulu esivimba ukuvuza kwamandla ashushu.
2. Ukugxilwa kwe-steam - ikhusela izakhiwo zokwakha kwimiphumo emibi yemiphunga ephuma ngaphakathi.
3. Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi - kuyadingeka njengesithintelo esivela ngaphandle kwomswakama ongaphandle ngaphandle.
4. Isalathisi esicatshulwayo - kunciphisa ukulahleka kobushushu kwimisebe yelanga.
5. Ukukhutshwa kwemimoya- ukhusela indlu ukususela kwizulu.

Ukufakwa kwephahla lwendlu yangasese

Ukugxininisa ngokupheleleyo kwiphahla lezindlu ngaphakathi nangaphandle akunakucingwa ngaphandle komsebenzi wokulungiselela. Qinisekisa ukuba uhlolisise inkqubo yefayili yokubunjwa, izingxenye ezibolile. Umonakalo omncinci kumgangatho wokhuni uxutywe nge-sandpaper kwaye uphathwe nge-antiseptic okanye upende. Ngaphambi kokushushumbisa ukushisa, izithuba ezigqithisiweyo zitshintshwa ngexesha elifanelekileyo, ukulungiswa kwamanxiwa kunye nokunciphisa umlilo.

Ukuvalwa komgodi

Kulula kwaye kulula ngakumbi ukwenza ukukhutshwa kwephahla lomlotha kunye ne- wool yamaminerali, okanye izinto zokwenza i-polymeric, ezenziwe ngeefomathi. Kufuneka kunikezelwe ukuphuphuma umoya ophahleni ngenxa yokubethelwa phantsi kweengubo kunye ne-overhang yephahla. Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kwenziwa ngoncedo lwezinto zokuphahla okanye isalathisi somlenze. Umsebenzi wofakelo wokufakelwa kweso senziwe kwinqanaba le-attic.

Ukukhutshwa komlilo wokuphahla

1. Silinganisela umgama phakathi kwamabala.
2. I-sink yokushisa isinqunywe ngomgama we-1 mm ukwenzela ukungena kweli gaba.
3. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukukhawuleza izixhobo ezikuvumela ukusika izinto eziphathekayo kunye nenkunkuma encinci.
4. Umlenze unamathele kwiindawo zokuqhafaza.
5. Ukukhutshwa kwamanzi kuthathwa kwinqanaba phantsi kwephahla lokukhupha ukukhutshwa okuthembekileyo kobutyu.
6. Xa ufaka ngaphandle kwegebe lomoya, i-membrane ephezulu kakhulu isetyenziswa.
7. Xa sibeka isilumkiso sizama ukungahlanganisi amanxeba aphezulu kunye nezantsi.
8. Ukufudumala kwesibisi sisetyenziswe kwinqwelo yezinto ezihlambulukileyo ngentambo eluleweyo okanye ikrekethi evela kwiidolo.
9. I-Gidrobariera canvases ibanjwe ngebhokhwe ye-10 mm.

Ukufudumala kwephahla oluphukileyo

Uphahla oluphukile luyakhela ngeesitifiketi ezininzi, ngoko luhlobo lophahla lulungele ukulungiswa kwezakhiwo ze-mansard. Ukuba i-attic ayijoliswanga ukuba isetyenziswe njengegumbi lokuphumla, ukuchithwa kwepafu oluchanekileyo kwenziwa kuphela kumgangatho, ukwahlula uphahla kunye nendlu, ngaphandle kokunika ukhuseleko olongezelelweyo lwe-skate ukukhusela. Xa usebenzisa i-soft roll insulation kumgangatho wee-attic, amanqanaba okubhoda afakwe ukuhamba. Ubunzima bokungcebeleka kwe-thermal kukhethwe kuye ngohlobo lwesakhiwo esivaliweyo kunye nommandla wezulu.

Iinqununu eziphambili zephahla oluphukileyo, olufuna ukukhupha:

1. I-Attic iyaqhubeka.
2. Iintonga zephahla.
3. Iindonga ze Fronton.

Ukugxinwa kwendlu ye-attic

Ukugxinwa okusemgangathweni kwe-thermal roofing akufanelekanga nakwiimeko ze-attic indlu, apho indawo yesigqeba isetyenziswa njengamagumbi okuhlala. Kule meko, "ikhekhe" yokumisa ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermal isondele, yonke ikrokethi kufuneka iphathwe kunye ne-antiseptics kunye nabazilawuli bomlilo ngokukhusela umlilo. Izinto ezisetyenziswa ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuhlala mazikhuselekile kwaye zingabi nanye iphunga elithile. Sixhobisa abalandeli ngokuphuphuma umoya ukuze basuse umswakama ongaphezulu.

I-Scheme yokufakelwa kwe-thermal yokupakisha kwendlu ye-attic ukusuka phezulu:

1. Umgca ongaphakathi ophantsi ibhodi ye-gypsum okanye iipaneli zokuhlobisa.
2. Ukulungiswa kwekrate engezantsi.
3. Uluhlu lwe-Steam insulation.
4. Isalathisi sokutsalwa kwe-thermal.
5. Iimbumba zokuqhafaza kunye nezakhiwo ezihlukeneyo.
6. Iziphulo zokuphunga.
7. Ikrate.
8. Umgca wokukhusela wangaphandle - uphahla.

Ukufudumala kophahla lwezindlu zokhuni

Kukho ezinye iinkalo ezichaphazela ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zokwakha ukhuni. Kuyinto engathandekiyo ukuvelisa ukuphazamisa uphahla lwengxolo ngonyaka wokuqala wokwakha, de kube kuqhutywe i-shrinkage epheleleyo yesakhiwo. Okokuqala, iziphene ezifunyenweyo ziphelile, kwaye ke imisebenzi esele ivumelekile. Ukusebenza kwindlu yokhuni, izinto ezininzi zanamhlanje zifanelekile, kodwa kukho nawuphi na ukhetho lokufakelwa kwephahla kufuneka lenziwe ngokubhekiselele kwi-teknoloji efanelekileyo eyenziwa ngabavelisi babo.

Ukufudumala kwiphahla lokuphala

Ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermally kuyenzeka phambi kwebhokisi elibhakabhakeni, xa kunomnqweno wokukhusela ngokubanzi isakhiwo esikude ukusuka kubanda, uguqule ibe yindawo ephumayo yokuphumla. I-Polyurethane icwangciswe kwi-plail nge-glue, i-tape kunye namagqabi, kwaye xa usebenza neboyile yamaminerali, kuyimfuneko ukuxhobisa i-kreate. Ukuqhawulwa kwendawo yokupakisha kwebhankoni yangasese kuya kuba ngcono ukuba izibonda zitywinwe nge-foam. Ukutsalwa kwe-steam kuveliswa yi-foam i-polyethylene kunye nekhasi elingama-1 cm. Kwinqanaba lokugqibela, isilitye sihlanganiswe ngamapaneli eplastiki, iimbali okanye iileyile zokuhlobisa.

Ukufakelwa kwe-thermal kwiphahla lokuhlamba

Amanzi okuhlambela ngasese awakhiwe ngee-attic, ipakethi enye kunye nophahla lweepaneli. Kule gumbi, i-microclimate ihluke ngokuxhoma umswakama, okwenza ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermal, kufuneka sifake umgca wokhuselo lompu we-aluminium okanye ulungiswe ngekhadibhodi enepayipi eneoli. Ingqwalasela ephambili ihlawulwa kumajoyina, apho izixhobo ezineenkalo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa zidibanisa - i-foam ekhonkment ngeenkuni, iinsimbi zensimbi kunye neenkuni, izindonga zitena kunye neebhodi.

Ukufakelwa kwe-ophayibhile ophahleni ngaphakathi kwendawo yokuqhuma:

1. Siphumeza kwiinqongo zokuqhayisa izilwanyana ngamanqanaba angama-59 cm (1 cm ngaphantsi kobubanzi bendimbi).
2. Ukuba loo nto ibonakaliswa, kufuneka ibekwe ngefayili ngaphakathi.
3. Faka inqamlezo yomphunga.
4. Amalungu ahlanganiswe ngeteksi.
5. Umgca womoya we 1-2 cm uhlinzekwa ngufakelo lwekreati.
6. Ukufakelwa kwe-thermal kwiphahla kugqityiwe ngokukhawuleza kwindlela yokuqhayisa izinto zokungcola.

Ukufudumala kwepharaji

Ukuphucula iimeko kwigalaji isebenzisa zonke izinto zokufakelwa kwe-thermal-minvat, i-polystyrene, i-foam. Indlela ephumelelayo yokujongana nalo msebenzi kukugubungela uphahla ngembobo. Kungenzeka ngaphakathi ngaphakathi ukuthunga isikhala kunye neengxowa ezivela kwiibhodi okanye iplywood, uze uzalise ngekhampani yamanzi, ephahleni lwama-attic le nto ikulungele ukufaka isicelo ukusuka phezulu kuze kufikeleleke. Ukungahambi kakuhle kwe-foam insulation kuyindlela yokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa, kodwa iingenelo ezibalulekileyo zale ndlela zikhupha zonke izinto ezingalunganga.

Ziziphi iingenelo zokugxilwa kwephahla kunye nokuqhaqhozela i-foam:

1. Ukubunjwa kusetyenziswa ngokuthe ngqo kumhlaba wonke ukuba uphawulwe.
2. Umsebenzi ungenziwa kwiphakamileyo nayiphi na isakhiwo.
3. Xa kuzaliswa i-foam, akukho malungu akhiwa.
4. I-Penoizol ine-barrier ephezulu yomphunga kunye neempawu zokuqhawula ingxolo.
5. I-Foam ayilahlekelwa iimpahla ukuya kwiminyaka engama-50.
6. Akuyimfuneko ukusebenzisa izinto ezongezelelweyo ukulungisa i-penoizol.
7. I-foam enefrijini ayixhasi ukutshisa.
8. Izinto eziphathekayo aziyingozi.
9. I-foam ayiyiki iinguqu zokushisa.
10. Ukukhutshwa kwe-foam insulatory insulation kaninzi kangangoko kunokuba nezinye izinto.

Izinto eziphathekayo zokufakelwa kwephahla

Ukuba injongo kukunciphisa iindleko zokukhanya okanye igesi kwaye yenza ikhaya likhululekile, ngoko ukukhutshwa komgangatho ophezulu ophahleni kunye neendonga zendlu kuyona isisombululo esihle kakhulu kule ngxaki. Kwinqanaba lokuqala, kubalulekile ukukhetha ukhetho lwezinto zokuqhekeza, ubunzima bezenzo zokulungiselela, inani lemveliso kunye neendleko ezipheleleyo zokulungiswa kuxhomekeke kule nto.

Imigaqo ephambili yokukhetha iincwadi zokukhutshwa kwe-thermal insulation:

1. I-conductivity ye-thermal - esi sibonakaliso kubalulekile kwizakhiwo zee-attic, ubuninzi bomgca obubekwe kwi-overlap buxhomekeke kuyo.
2. Ukufakelwa kwemvelo kwiphakheji yendlu kufuneka kungasongela impilo yabemi ngokukhutshwa kwingozi kwimoya.
3. Ubungakanani bunzima bobuninzi bezinto eziphathekayo - umthwalo omkhulu unokutshabalalisa i-tonic.
4. Ukukwazi ukugcina ifom - iteknoloji yomsebenzi kunye ne-softer, i-liquid and sheet sheer ihluke kakhulu.
5. Ukhuseleko lomlilo - khetha ukutshitshiswa kwe-thermal kwi-substance engenakutsha okanye yokucima.
6. Izimpawu ezingenangqiqo-zibaluleke kakhulu kwiimeko ezidolophini zasezidolophini.

Ukugxilwa kwezindlu kunye ne-polystyrene eyandisiweyo

I-Styrofoam - izinto ezingenakubungozi ezinempawu ezibalaseleyo, ezibandakanya iqhwa kunye kunye kunye neebhola ezincinane kakhulu zeplastiki zomoya. Ukufakelwa kwe-thermal ephahleni lwegaraji okanye esinye isakhiwo kuya kuxhomekeka kubuninzi beemakhishithi ezithengiweyo kunye nobukhulu babo, obuhluka kwi-20 mm ukuya kwi-100 mm. Ukusebenza kunye nalesi sihlukanisi akufuneki izakhono okanye izixhobo ezizodwa, ngokukhawuleza kwaye kunqabile ukuqhekeza izicucu, ngokuqhotyoshelweyo lula phantsi.

Ukugxinwa kwezindlu kunye ne-penokleksom

I-foam ibizwa ngokuba yi-polystyrne extruded (i-XPS ibakala okanye i-EPP), etholakala kumaqondo aphezulu. Inzuzo ebalulekileyo yale ngcaciso phambi kwabakhuphiswano kukuba ayifumani imithombo yamanzi, umswakama, nokuba kunye noqhagamshelwano olude, ungangena kumgca ongaphantsi weshidi. Ukufudumala kwephahla olubandayo kunye ne-foam foam kwenza iziphumo ezintle. Nangona ngokuphindiwe ngokuphindaphindiweyo kunye nokuqhawula, ayilahlekelwa yimpahla yayo kwiminyaka engaphezu kwama-50. Iingcali ziphawula ukuxhatshazwa kwamacwecwe ukunyanzeliswa, ukulungelelaniswa kofakelo (ubukho be-grooves).

Iingxaki zepenoplex:

1. I-foam ebiza kakhulu.
2. Yonakaliswe ngamagundane.
3. Akunqunywanga ukuvelisa ukutshatyalaliswa kobushushu kufuphi nemithombo yomlilo ovulekileyo.

Ukufakelwa kwendlu kunye neboyile yamaminerali

Ukuvelisa ukukhupha okuphezulu kwephahla ngaphakathi ngaphakathi kunye ne-wool yamaminerol ekulungele, akufuneki ukusika okunjalo njenge-foam, kulula ukunyanzeliswa ngendlela echanekileyo kunye nokufakela phakathi kwamabala. Izinto ezibaluleke kakhulu ezi zinto zibonakalayo - ayitshisi kwaye ayonakaliswe ngamagundane okanye inambuzane, ineziganeko ezinonophelo ezizwakalayo. Ukufakela kwe-high quality ye-ophahleni kwiphahla kufunyanwa ngokubeka i-insulation ye-kg kg / m ² kwiindidi eziliqela kulo lonke ububanzi bezinto ezihlambulukileyo.

Iingxaki zeboyile yamaminerali:

1. Ukungabikho koxinzelelo obumanyanisiweyo - kufuna ukukhuselwa ngokuthe ngqo kumanzi kunye nokulungiswa kocingo lwamanzi okukhusela amanzi.
2. Ukukhubazeka ngokukhawuleza kumthwalo omncinci - izinto ezifuthiweyo zilahlekelwa iipropati, ngoko uphahla lwee-attic kufuneka lufakwe ngamaziko.
3. Ngenxa ye-conductivity ye-thermal, yinto engaphantsi kwe-polyurethane foam.
4. Ekusebenzeni ngeboyile yamaminerali, kuyadingeka ukusebenzisa iindlela zokukhusela izitho zokuphefumula.
5. Ngobushushu obuqhumayo, uboya obunamaminerali bunokukhupha i-phenol.

Ukufakelwa kwe-ashiyali yophahla kunye nodongwe olwandisiweyo

I-Claydite iyindalo yemvelo yemvelo, engayesabi yimijondolo kunye neenkqubo zokubola, eli lixhobo linamandla amakhulu nokuzinza. Uluhlu lwesibhakabhaka esibhakabhakeni ngolu hlobo lwe-gravel enobunzima be-10 cm luyakwazi ukutshintsha udonga lwamapulenti 25 cm. Impembelelo eyona nto ifumaneka xa usebenzisa umxube wodongwe olwandisiweyo kunye ne-foam plastic chips. I-Keramzit ayivelisi ukukhutshwa kwephahla ukusuka ngaphakathi, kulula ngakumbi ukubeka izinto eziphathekayo ezivela phezulu ngasentla phakathi kwe-attic kunye namagumbi okuhlala. Kunconywa ukuba uzalise ukukhutshwa kwesiqendu nge-14 cm-16 m.

Ukungalungi kwodongwe olwandisiweyo:

1. Ukufakelwa kwe-ophahleni kwiplanga kunye nodongwe olwandisiweyo kunika umphumo omhle, kodwa ngobukhulu obukhulu bubangela umthwalo kwisakhiwo sokwakha.
2. Udongwe oludaka lunokubamba umswakama kakhulu.
3. Ukuba ukunyaniseka kwegranules kwonakaliswe ngodongwe olwandisiweyo, iipolisi ezivulekileyo zenziwa, apho amanzi angena kalula.