Umbhobho waseKimberlite "Isibindi esikhulu"


Imbhobho yaseKimberlite Isiqongo esikhulu siyidayimenti edibanisiweyo ngokupheleleyo, esekwiidolophu yaseKimberley, kwiRiphabhuliki yaseMzantsi Afrika .

Namhlanje, i-Big Hole yaseMzantsi Afrika ithathwa njengepropati nje kuphela yeso sixeko, kodwa yelizwe lonke - kukukhangela okukhethiweyo kubhenkethi. Ukuba unquma ukutyelela iRiphabhuliki yaseMzantsi Afrika, qiniseka ukufumana ithuba lokutyelela uKimberley.

Imbali yeemayini yedayimane

Imayini yeDayim eMzantsi Afrika iye yavumela ilizwe ukuba lingayikhokeli kuphela kwilizwekazi, kodwa kwakhona lilahlekelwe yi-"isihloko" esincomekayo "Izwe leZithathu." Ngokwezibalo, uMzantsi Afrika ungomnye wabaniki-ntlanzi abaphezulu behlabathi beli gweba. Kwakhona kwinqanaba lalo lizwe:

Isiqalo sokuqala kwimimandla yoMzantsi Afrika yanamhlanje siya kufumana ngo-1866-njengemibango yambali, idayimane yathatyathwa emlanjeni yinkwenkwe yase-Orange inakekela izilwanyana kwipulazi kufuphi neDi Kalk. Yaba yitye ephuzi, ubukhulu bayo budlula ii-carats ezingama-21.

Kodwa eyona nto ifunyenwe ilitye elinesisindo esingaphezulu kwama-83, efunyenwe ngabantwana bomlimi ophethe ifama efanayo. I-Diamond ibizwa ngegama elihle elithi "Inkwenkwezi yaseMzantsi Afrika". Oku kwakuhlobo oluthile lokuvuselela ukuloba kuloMzantsi Afrika. Iinkampani zokuqala zaqala ukutsala amatye ngamanxweme ekufuphi kwipulazi ngo-1871. Ngenxa yoko, idayimani zaseMzantsi Afrika zenze izibonelelo ezintle-kungekhona nto namhlanje ilizwe alikho kuphela eliphuhliswe kweli zwekazi, kodwa liqhubeka nokuphuhliswa kwayo.

Ukususela ngoko, i-real diamond fever ifuthe ilizwe. Kwonke, ezininzi iifom zifunyenwe eMzantsi Afrika, kuye kwakhiwa imigodi emininzi, kodwa eyona nto eyona yithuba elide yayiyimayini evulekile eKimberley, iidayimane ezazicocekileyo kakhulu.

Inkupho enkulu - imbali yowona mkhulu kunayo yonke

Umzi ongenamsebenzi eKimberley City ufumene igama elilula kodwa eliqondakalayo - i-Big Hole. Iyabonwa ngokusemthethweni njengeyona nkalo enkulu, eyenziwa ngaphandle kokusetyenziswa kwanoma yiphina indlela.

Kwiminyaka engaphezu kwe-40 - de kube ngu-1914-malunga nama-50 e-miners abasebenza kwiimayini, ekuphuhliseni kunye nezikhethi eziqhelekileyo, izikhwebu kunye namafosholo. Ngomsebenzi osebenzayo, abantu bathabatha ngaphezu kwezigidi ezili-22 zeetoni zomhlaba kwi-quarry.

Ngeli xesha, malunga ne-2700 kilogram zamatye anqabileyo atholakala. Ngokwezibalo ezifunyenwe ngokuqhelekileyo, yi-14.5 yezigidi zemoto. Phakathi kwenani elikhulu lamatye lalidumileyo, eliqhelekileyo kwaye likhulu kakhulu, njengamadayimane:

Nangaphandle, i-quarry ibonakala ibangalisa, kodwa ngokukrakra ngakumbi kukuba imilinganiselo esemthethweni yimi:

Okwangoku, ngasezantsi kwe-Great Hole, ilitye elinamanzi angama-40 ayenziwe.

Kuyathakazelisa ukuba, njengoko abaphandi basebenzise, ​​malunga neminyaka eyi-100 yezigidi edlulileyo kwakukho i-volcano kwisiza semayini - umthombo we-lava wawukho malunga neekhilomitha eziyi-97. Oku kukukhuthaza ukubunjwa kwedayimani kule ndawo - ukushisa okuphezulu kunye noxinzelelo oluphezulu emhlabathini kuncedise kwiinkqubo ezithile ezifaka isandla ekuveleni kwamatye anqabileyo.

I-Modernity yaseKimberley

Okwangoku, iKimberly iyisisixeko samanje. Inayo yonke into yokuphila ngokukhululekile:

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abakhenkethi bayakhangwa ngokugqithiseleyo yi-Great Hole, apho kunye nokujikeleza apho ihambo ehlelwe khona. Ngokomzekelo, ngokukodwa ukuthutha kwabahanjethi ukuya kutsala umdla, umzila weetrams wafakwa. Ekupheleni komda wangaphambili, iqonga lokukhusela elikhuselekileyo nokukhuselekileyo lenziwe.

Kwakhona kwidolophu kunomyuziyam ozodwa wemigodi, apho imbali yedayimane nezobugcisa zegolide ifakwe ngokubanzi. Oko kukuthi, nangoku ngoku, emva kweminyaka engaphezu kwekhulu emva kokuvalelwa kwimizi, iyaqhubeka nokuzisa inzuzo kwisixeko kunye nabemi bayo-kuphela ngoku njengokhenketho lwezokhenketho.

Iimpawu zokuthenga idayimani kwiRiphabhlikhi yaseMzantsi Afrika

Nangona ukuba imayini yedayimane eMzantsi Afrika iqhubeka iminyaka engama-150, kusenokwenzeka ukufumana iimpawu ezizodwa kwiimigodi kunye neemigodi.

Ngoko, embalwa kwiminyaka edlulileyo kwelinye leemigodi ezindala kakhulu zeCullinan lafunyaniswa into eyinqaba - ubunzima bayo buyi-232 carats. Ngokweengcali, ixabiso ledayimani linokufikelela kwiidola ezili-15.

Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba amatye aqingqiweyo avunyelwe ngokuthe ngqo ukuthumela ngaphandle kwelizwe. Ukuba unomdla ekuthengeni idayimani eMzantsi Afrika, ngoko kufuneka uhambe kwiprofayili, oko kukuthi, izitolo zobungcweti okanye amaziko ezitolo, ezikufuphi kwimigodi, kwimigodi, apho iindawo zokutyelela eziqhelekileyo.

Ukuthenga amatye anqwenelekayo kweli lizwe kunenzuzo kakhulu - bahle kakhulu. Kwizithethe, kufuneka ubonise isitifiketi sevenkile yezinto zokuthenga ozithengayo. Xa ushiya, ungafaka isicelo seRhafu yeNtlawulo kwaye ubuye u-14% wemali yokuthenga. Ngendlela, abakhenkethi bajongene nesohlwayiso esinzima ngenxa yokususwa kwamadayimane amabi avela eMzantsi Afrika - ngoko ungazami ukukhohlisa abaphathi.