Imifanekiso yokudala, iingcamango zobugcisa, iingcamango zesayensi kwinkqubo yomsebenzi wokudala womntu, wandisa ngokuphefumlelwa, ube ngumsebenzi. Ngomzuzu xa iingcamango zenziwe ngokoqobo kwaye zifumana ifomu lezinto eziphathekayo ngendlela yomsebenzi wesayensi okanye umsebenzi wobugcisa, i-copyright ivela.
Yintoni i-copyright?
Umsebenzi owenziwe ngumlobi yipropati yakhe. Yaye apho intetho iphathelele ilungelo lobunikazi, umthetho uqala ukusebenza. I-copyright - le yimiqathango yoluntu elawula ubudlelwane kunye nokulawula ukuziphatha kwamaqela alinganayo kummandla wokusetyenziswa kwepropati yengqondo. Umdali walo naliphi na umsebenzi ngumxholo, kwaye umphumo wengqondo yakhe yomsebenzi yinto ye-copyright.
Impawu ze copyright:
- Ukuba umsebenzi wokudala ukuphunyezwa komyalelo okanye isabelo kumqeshi, umthengi okanye umqeshi uba ngumnikazi we-copyright.
- Ukuba iziteshi zomsakazo kunye neziteshi zeTV zithengela amalungelo asemthethweni okusebenzisa izinto ezilalelwayo okanye zevidiyo, banelungelo lokuthintela ukuveliswa kwezibhengezo zabo kwezinye iziteshi. Okanye umenzi, ngendlela yakhe, eyahlukileyo umsebenzi owaziwayo womculo, ufumana iikopi zobungqina bokulungiselela. Okuqhelekileyo kwakubizwa ngokuba "amalungelo anxulumene".
I-copyright kwi-intanethi
Akunandaba nokuba imveliso yokudala ifakwe kumaphepha okanye kwi-media media. Kukho nawuphi na, unelungelo lobunikazi. Ngaloo ndlela, zonke izitatimende, izandi, iifoto kunye nevidiyo ezenziwe kwi-Intanethi, ngokuqinisekileyo ziyimisebenzi yokudala kwaye zikhuselwe ngumthetho. Enyanisweni, ukuphulwa kwe-copyright kwi-Intanethi yinto eqhelekileyo, isenzo kwaye kunzima ukubonisa ubungqina.
Izinto ze-copyright
Iingcinga kunye neengcamango ziba yizinto zokukhuphela i-copyright, xa zibonwa, ziva okanye zivakalelwa. Ngamanye amagama, xa befumana ifom yeenjongo:
- ubhalo (iprose, isibongo, ingxelo, kunye neenkcukacha zobuntu);
- kwinqanaba (iimveliso eziphambili, okuveliswayo);
- umculo (kunye nangaphandle kwombhalo, uhlela amalungiselelo kunye nokusebenza apha);
- ividiyo, isandi okanye iifoto;
- mfa nekiso okanye
- izakhiwo (njengokuba sele zikhona ekwakhiweni, kwaye zikhona ngeendlela zemifanekiso);
- i-electronic (yolwazi, iinkqubo zekhompyutha).
Zonke izinto zingaphantsi kwe-copyright ekhethekileyo, eqinisekisa abadali okanye abanini bamalungelo ukulawula ukusetyenziswa kwemisebenzi yokudala kunye nokufumana ingeniso kwi-intengiso yabo. Ngaloo ndlela, ilungelo elikhethekileyo lilungelo lepropati, apho inzuzo ebonakalayo yeso sifundo ixhomekeke ngqo.
Iintlobo zeefayili
Ingcamango yokuqinisekisa i-copyright:
- ukuqinisekiswa kokubhaliweyo kunye nokukhuselwa komsebenzi kwiimangalo ezingenangqiqo;
- ukuchongwa kwabantu abagunyazisiweyo kunye nemiqathango yokupapashwa komsebenzi;
- ukunika abalobi kunye nabanikazi bamalungelo abemi propati namalungelo abo;
- ukukhuselwa ngokomthetho kwamalungelo.
Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, umthetho wepropati we-copyright unelungelo lokufumana ingeniso:
- Imveliso yokudala ipropati yomntu wombhali. Uyakwazi ukuzibona ngokwakhe kwaye enze inzuzo.
- Umdali unelungelo lokudlulisela amalungelo kumsebenzi kumaqela esithathu ukusetyenziswa kwezorhwebo. Kule meko, uhlawulelwa umvuzo.
Amalungelo omntu akanayo i-term, ayinayo kwaye ayinakunyulwa, kwaye ayikwazi ukudluliselwa kuye nabani na phantsi kwazo zonke iimeko:
- Umbhali uqinisekisiwe ilungelo lokugcina yakhe indalo, okanye ukuyipapasha.
- Umbhali naliphi na ixesha unokurhoxisa umsebenzi ohanjiswe kubanikazi bamalungelo, ukwenqaba ukuwahambisa. Ngelo xesha, unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule iindleko kwaye ahlawule ilahleko.
- Umbhali unelungelo lokutyikitya lomsebenzi ngegama lakhe, ukupapasha ngokungaziwa, okanye ukusebenzisa i-pseudonym.
- Ilungelo lokubhala lihlala lingatshintshi. Igama lomdali likhuselwe ngumthetho. Ukupapashwa komsebenzi kunye nomqondiso womnye umntu njengoko umbhali enqatshelwe.
- Nawuphi na umkhiqizo wokudala ungenakwenzeka. (Awukwazi ukufaka imibono kwisicatshulwa, engeza intetho okanye i-epilogue).
- Utshintsho olwenqatshelwe kunye nokugqwetha, ukuphazamisa igama kunye negama lomlobi.
Unokufumana njani iikopi?
Ukubhaliswa kwe-copyright eRussian Federation akudingeki. Nangona kunjalo, xa kugqitywa ukubhala, umthetho ukhokelwa ubungqina bombhalo wobungqina, ngokusemthethweni "owokuqala ukubhalisa umsebenzi, omnye nombhali". Kubalulekile ukuba abantu bokudala bazi indlela yokuyila iikopi (ukulandelelana kwezenzo):
- Isibheno kuMbutho Wombhali waseRussia okanye kumanothi wenkxaso-sicelo kunye nesicelo sokufumana i-patent kwanoma yimuphi umkhiqizo wokudala.
- Ukutshintshela kwiikopi zegunya lokuphendula le mveliso, iifoto okanye ubungqina bevidiyo.
- Ukubonelela ngamaxwebhu omlobi, kwezinye iimeko, ulwazi malunga nezixhobo ezisetyenziswayo.
- Ukuhlawula umsebenzi welizwe okanye iinkonzo zombhalisi.
- Ukufumana amaxwebhu eqinisekisa ubungqina.
Ixesha lokusebenza lobulungisa
Ukuthobela i-copyright kuqinisekiswe yi-Code Civil ye-Russian Federation. Ixesha lesigunyaziso sabo sigqitywe ngumthetho:
- Amalungelo omntu ahambelana nobuntu bombhali, ngoko isenzo sabo siphelelwe lixesha lobomi bakhe.
- Ukwahlukana kukubhaliweyo kunye nokungahambi kakuhle komsebenzi. Le miqathango ayibophe ngokomthetho.
- Umphumo wamalungelo epropathi emva kokufa kombhali kunwezelwa iminyaka engama-70. Emva koko umsebenzi uba yipropati yoluntu. Izithintelo ekusebenziseni kwayo uluntu zisuswe.
Akunakuphi ukwephula amalungelo?
Ngokufika kwe-intanethi, ukuphulwa kwe-copyright kwahamba kwimiyalelo emibini engundoqo:
- ukukopisha nokwabiwa;
- ukunyanzelisa.
Ukuze ugweme "ubugqirha obuphambili," kufuneka:
- ukuthenga iimveliso ezilayisenisiweyo;
- sebenzisa izibonelelo ezizimeleyo ezinikezelwa ngamashaneli olwazi;
- sebenzisa izixhobo eziye zikarhulumente;
- usebenzisa kwisicatshulwa sesicatshulwa, bonisa inkcazelo yomsebenzi kunye nomlobi.
Unokukhusela njani iikopi?
Ukukhuselwa kwe-copyright kunendlela ehamba ngeendlela ezimbini:
- Icala elinye liqinisekisiwe ngurhulumente ngokomthetho.
- Olunye lukwazi ukubhala ubungqina bokubumba umsebenzi.
Izindlela zokukhusela i-copyright:
- Isigqeba kwiziphathi zamagqwetha malunga nokuqatshelwa kobhali, ukutshabalaliswa kobuxoki, ukuhlawulwa kwemonakalo yokuziphatha kunye nokuziphatha.
- Misela umhla wokudalwa komsebenzi kumanothi.
- Ukuthungatha (ukugcina) abeendaba ngolwazi malunga nomsebenzi okanye umsebenzi ngokwawo kwiofisi ye-notary okanye kwi-RAO.
- Ukuboniswa ngu-notary umgaqo-nkqubo wokuhlolwa kwephepha le-intanethi, ngokoqobo "oko ndikubonayo, ngoko ndiyabhala".