I-Exstrophy ye-bladder i-pathology enkulu yokubeleka yenkqubo yokucoca, apho ilungu lingeniswa ngaphakathi kwisisu, kodwa ngaphandle. Iyenzeka kwenye yee-50,000 iintsana ezisanda kuzalwa. Kwimakhwenkwe, le ntsholongwane ifunyaniswa kane kaninzi ngaphezu kweentombazana. Ukukuphelisa, ukungenelela okutyalwa kusetyenziswa ngokufanelekileyo.
Ukugqithiswa kwe-Bladder-causes
Zininzi izinto ezibangela ukubonakala kwelolu hlobo. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukungalunganga kwebladder kubangelwa zezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- I-Genetic predisposition - ukuba enye yezihlobo zinezifo ezinjalo, kunethuba elikhulu lokuba le ntsholongwane iya kwenzeka kumntwana.
- Izifo ezithathelwanayo , into eyenziwa yilo mfazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa - zivuselela iingxaki ezinzulu, kubandakanywa neziphene zentlalo ye-genitourinary system.
- Isifo sikashukela sesifo sikashukela sesifo sikashukela - esi sifo sinokubangela ukuba kungabonakali ukumiswa kwezitho zangaphakathi.
- Ubume bendalo - umfazi okhulelweyo kubalulekile ukuhamba ngaphezulu emoyeni omtsha, ukuphepha amagumbi okutshaya kunye nokuqhagamshelana neekhemikhali ezinobundlobongela. Indawo engalindelekanga ingakhuthaza ukuphuhliswa kwengxaki yomntwana.
- Imikhwa emibi yowesifazane okhulelweyo- ukutshaya , ukusebenzisa iziyobisi kunye nokusela ukusetyenziswa kakubi kotywala kunokubangela ukubonakala kwamathambo kwi-fetus.
I-Exstrophy ye-bladder - iimpawu
Le ntsholongwane ihambelana nomfanekiso weclini. Ukugqithiswa kwe-urinary bladder kubantwana kungabonwa ngokukhawuleza emva kokuzalwa ngeempawu ezinjalo:
- Kwisisu esezantsi, isicatshulwa esicacileyo kwisigxina sesisu sisabonakala - isilonda siphezulu.
- I-Urine ihlale ikhutshwe, ngenxa yokuba yintoni ekhumbeni kwindawo ezithandanayo kukho ukuhlaselwa kwe-diaper.
- Kwiimeko ezininzi, akukho nxeba.
- I-urinary system ifumaneke kakhulu kufuphi ne-anus.
- Umntwana ngenxa yokuphazamiseka okwangamava uyaba neentloni, engabonakaliyo kwaye adle kakubi, echaphazela ukufumana ubunzima bakhe.
I-Exstrophy ye-bladder kunye ne-epispadias
Zobabini iintsholongwane zizalana. I-Exstrophy ye-bladder kukungabikho kwindonga yangasemva yomzimba kunye nokugqithisa kwenkqubo ye-excretory ngaphandle. Kukho izigaba zokukhubazeka:
- Isiganga sokuqala ukuhlukana kwamathambo ka-pubic akuyi ngaphezu kwe-4 cm. Ububanzi besilonda kwisisu esiswini singaphantsi kwe-4 cm.
- Isiganga sesibini - amathambo ahlukanisa kude nomgama we-4.5-8 cm. Ububanzi bomngxuma kwi-peritoneum buhluka ukusuka kwi-5 kuya ku-7 cm.
- Isiganga sesithathu ukuhlukana kwamathambo ka-pubic ngaphezu kwe-9 cm. Ububanzi, isilonda esingavamile sidlula 8 cm.
I-epispadia ye-urinary bladder yi-understage of the genitalia yangaphandle. Kwamakhwenkwe oku kuluhlu:
- intloko;
- trunk;
- gqi bezela;
- i-pubic-stem.
Kwimantombazana epispadia ivela kwiifom ezinje:
- lilonke;
- i-clitoral;
- ngokutsha.
Cloacal exstrophy
Le pathology yaziwa nangokuthi i-ectopic cloaca okanye i-vesicouca cleft. Luhlobo olubi lwe-anomaly. Inxalenye esemgangathweni yokwakheka kwayo i-hernia, i-bottom is the bladder. Iqumrhu le-excretory system lihlukaniswe libe ngamacandelo amabini yi-isthmus yamathumbu. Ngayinye "ibhobho-bubble" inevula yayo yokuvula. Iqhekeza elifanayo lesisu esisukayo, livela kwi-2 ukuya kwe-4.
I-cloacal exstrophy ye-vestile ihamba kunye namakhwenkwe ngamanxeba anjalo:
- ukwahlukana kwepeni;
- ukungabikho kwamathambo;
- ngokubanzi "isasazeka" ngamathambo e-bony.
Kwimantombazana yokugqithisa iqhubeka ngokukhawuleza:
- ngokuphindwe kabini ngesini;
- ukucoca kwe-clitoris;
- bicornic uterus .
Ukugqithiswa kwe-bladder - unyango
Indlela yodwa yokulahla le ntsholongwane kukuba kusebenze. Ngaphambi kwenkqubo enjalo, uviwo olunzulu lwesigulane, kuquka:
- Ultrasound;
- i-cystoscopy;
- CT;
- uviwo lwe endoscopic;
- kuhlolwa.
Kuphela emva kokufundwa kokuxilongwa kwe-bladder exstrophy, i-epispadia iyonke iphela. Imisebenzi ephambili elandelwa ngugqirha kule nyango yile:
- Yenza ukuvalwa ngokukhuselekileyo kwenkqubo ye-urinary, "eyaphuma".
- Ukwenza uplastiki kwakhona wokwakhiwa kwendawo echaphazelekayo.
I-Exstrophy ye-bladder-operation
Ingenelelo lokungenelela luza kwenziwa njani kuxhomekeke kubukhulu besiphene. Xa ububanzi bomngcipheko wesifo esiswini kwisigxina esingasayi kudlula i-4 cm, izicubu ezisondeleyo zisetyenziselwa ukuwuvala. Ukuba kukho ubungakanani obukhulu be-exstrophy, unyango lubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwe "isikhumba" esenziwe ngumbumba - ifilimu eyinyumba. Emva kokuphilisa i-suture, ukungenelela okuphindiweyo kwenziwa rhoqo. Ngethuba le nkqubo, ifilimu isuswe.
Emva kokuhlinzwa, xa i-cloacal okanye i-bladder exstrophy isuswe, kukho umngcipheko wokuba neengxaki ezinjalo:
- peritonitis;
- enuresis ;
- isifo sobambiso;
- i-hypothermia;
- ukungcola kwegazi.
I-Bladder exstrophy clinical - iingcebiso
Kwixesha lokuhamba emva, ugqirha owenza utyando uza kutyhola ulwaphulo lwe-antibacterial ehlangeneyo. Ukufumana amayeza kwenziwa kwisibhedlele phantsi kolawulo logqirha. Amaxesha amaninzi amalungiselelo e-antibacterial alawulwa zizigulane ezingenakucatshulwa.
Emva kokugqitywa kwonyango olunjalo, ugqirha uya kunika isigulane sakhe iziphakamiso, ezithintekayo kwiimeko ezininzi:
- Ukutshatyalaliswa kwesisu kumantombazana okanye kumakhwenkwe kukugula okufuneka uguqula ngokupheleleyo indlela ophila ngayo. Oku kusebenza kwisondlo. Ekudleni kufuneka kube nokutya okunempilo. Ukutya okunomsoco kunye nosawoti, kwakunye ne-diuretics kuya kufuneka ikhutshwe kwimenyu.
- Awunakudla amaninzi amanzi. Phuza kwi-sips encinci.
- Ubomi obulandelayo kufuneka buphephe ukulimala kunye nokunyanzelisa umzimba, kuquka nemidlalo enamandla.
- Ngokusoloko ufuna ukutyelela ugqirha.