Eli nqaku lizinikele ekuqwalaselweni kwesinye sezifo ezibi kakhulu - i-leukemia. Siza kukuxelela ukuba kutheni abantwana behlulwa yi-leukemia, bachaze iimpawu zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo zesifo (i-lymphoblastic acute kunye ne-myeloblastic, i-leukemia engapheliyo), uchaze iimpawu zokuqala zesifo, unike ithuba lokuphawula ukuphuhliswa kwe-leukemia kwizigaba zokuqala.
Iimpawu ze-leukemia kubantwana
I-leukemia (i-leukemia) ikhula kancane, iimpawu zokuqala zivela kwi-2 ngenyanga emva kokuqala kwesi sifo. Enyanisweni, ngononophelo olwaneleyo, kunokwenzeka ukuba uqaphele okokuqala, iimpawu ze-leukemia, ezizibonakalisa ngokwayo kwinguqu ekuphatheni komntwana. Kukho izikhalazo eziqhelekileyo zokukhathala kunye nobuthathaka, umntwana uye walahlekelwa umdla kwimidlalo, ukunxibelelana kunye noontanga kunye nezifundo, isondlo siyanyamalala. Ngenxa yokubuthathaka komzimba ngexesha lokuqala le-leukemia, iibanda ziba rhoqo, kwaye ukushisa komzimba kudla ngokukhawuleza. Ukuba ngaba abazali bahlawula ngokugqithiseleyo ezi zimpawu "ezincinci" kwaye umntwana unikela igazi kwiimvavanyo zelabhoratri, ngoko ke oogqirha bahlala befumana izibonakaliso ezingabonakali ezithile kwi-leukemia, kodwa zibenza ziqaphele kwaye ziqhubeke zigcina.
Kamva iimpawu ezilandelayo zivela:
- intlungu rhoqo emlenzeni nasemilenzeni (kunye neengqalelo zentlungu ngokukhawuleza kutshintsha indawo). Ngokuqhelekileyo, intlungu leyo iphosakele nge-polyarthritis okanye kwimiphumo yokulimala;
- ubukhulu besibindi;
- ukugqithisa kwesikhumba;
- ukwanda kobukhulu beelymode kunye ne-pancreas;
- ukunyunjwa rhoqo.
Ngethuba leempawu ezilapha ngasentla zibonakala, kunokwenzeka ukuxilonga i-leukemia ngemiphumo yokuhlolwa kwegazi. Iimvavanyo zegazi zibonisa izinga elincitshisiweyo lamaplatelet, i-erythrocytes, i-drop in hemoglobin level kunye nokunyuka okuphawulekayo kwe-ESR. Inombolo ye-leukocyte egazini e-leukemia iyahluka kakhulu-ukusuka ekuphantsi ukuya phezulu (konke oku kuxhomekeke kwinani lokuqhuma okubangene egazini esuka emnzini wethambo). Ukuba iimvavanyo zelabhoratri zegazi zibonisa ubukho bemizimba yokuqhuma - oku kukubonakaliswa ngokuthe ngqo kwe-leukemia echaphazelekayo (iifayile eziqhelekileyo kwigazi akufanele zibe).
Ukucacisa ukuxilongwa, oogqirha bamisela umongo we-bone, okukuvumela ukuba ufumene iimpawu zokutshabalalisa iiseli zomnatha wethambo kwaye ufumane i-pathologies yamaselula. Ngaphandle kokugqithiswa, akunakwenzeka ukucacisa uhlobo lwe-leukemia, ukulungiselela unyango olwaneleyo nokuthetha malunga naziphi na izibikezelo zesigulane.
I-leukemia: izizathu zokuphuhliswa kwabantwana
I-leukemia yisifo sesistim segazi kunye ne-hemopoiesis. Ekuqaleni, i-leukemia yi-tumor tumor tumor eqhubeka kuyo. Kamva, iiseli zesisu zixhaphaza ngaphaya komnatha wethambo, ezingathinteli kuphela igazi kunye nenkqubo yesantya, kodwa kunye nezinye izitho zomzimba womntu. I-leukemia iyinto enzima kwaye ingapheliyo, ngelixa iifom zesifo zihlukileyo kungekhona ngethuba lokuhamba, kodwa ngesakhiwo nokubunjwa kwezicubu zesisu.
Kwi-leukemia eqaqambileyo kubantwana, umnatha wethambo uxhatshazwa ngamaseli atshabalalayo. Umehluko phakathi kwe-leukemia enobuhlungu kukuba ukubunjwa okubi kunokuqukumbela iiseli. Kwi-leukemia engapheliyo ebantwini, iipoplasms ziquka iiseli ezikhula kunye nezivuthiwe.
Njengoko sele kukhankanywe, i-leukemia yisifo sesistim. Uphando lweetyukimia zeetyuli zamathambo lubonise ukuba ezininzi iiseli zidla ngokuba nomzimba oqhelekileyo. Oku kuthetha ukuba bahlakulela kwisinye iseli, apho kukho ukuguqulwa kwamathambo. I-acute lymphoblastic ne-acute leememiablastic leukemia kubantwana -
Inqanaba leenani lezifo zokugula: 2-5 kunye neminyaka eyi-10-13. Esi sifo siqheleke kubafana kubafana kumantombazana.
Okwangoku, izizathu ezibangelwa yi-leukemia azizange zenziwe. Phakathi kwezinto ezibangela ukuqala kwesi sifo, izinto ezinobungozi (kubandakanye nemiphumo yeekhemikhali), ii-oncogenic virus (i-Burkitt's lymphoma virus virus), isiphumo se-radiation ionizing, njl njl. Zonke zikhokelela ekutshintsheni kweeseli ezihambelana nenkqubo ye-hematopoietic.