I-Longyearbyen yindawo enkulu yokuhlala kunye nezolawulo zephondo laseSvalbard. Abantu abangaphantsi kwe-2000 bahlala kuyo. Kukho iLongyearbyen kummandla osentshonalanga weSpitsbergen. Esi sixeko saqanjwa ngegama lomnini weenkampani zokumbiwa kwamalahle. Indawo kufuphi neSvalbard Airport - yezona ndawo ziphezulu nakwihlabathi.
U kusekwa
Ukuphuhliswa kweenqwelo-moya ze-Longyearbyen kungancitshiswa kwezi zilandelayo:
- Umzila wokuqala kwiSpitsbergen wakhiwe kufuphi neLowira ngexesha leMfazwe yehlabathi II, kodwa yayingasetyenziswanga kwiminyaka emva kwemfazwe. Ngethuba lehlobo, unxibelelwano kunye nolwandle lwaluqhutyelwa ulwandle, ukususela ngoNovemba ukuya kuMeyi kwaphela. Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-1950, iNorway Air Force yaqala ukuqhuba iimeyile ngeenqwelo zeenqwelo-moya isebenzisa iinqwelo ze-Catalina, ezazisuka eTromsø zaye zawa phantsi iiparsethi ziseLongyearbyen ngaphandle kokufika.
- Xa umhlali wendawo egula kakhulu, kwafuneka aqhutywe kwilizwe. Gcina i-Norske, inkampani yezimayini, icime umzila okhoyo kwaye ufike ngempumelelo. Kwakuye ngoFebruwari 9, 1959, kwaye ngo-Matshi 11 ukufika kweyesibili kwendiza yeposi kwenzeke.
- Ngeenqwelo zeenqwelo, iCatalina yayifanelekile, kodwa ukuthuthwa kwabantu kunye nempahla ibe yincinci. Emva koko ugcina i-Norske ikhiphe enye i-1,800 m ye-runway, kunye noDouglas DC-4 benza uhambo lokuhamba kunye nabagibeli. Iindiza zaqala ukuhamba kanye ngonyaka, kodwa kuphela emini, njengoko kwakungekho ukukhanya.
- Ubusuku bobusuku bokuqala buqhutywe ngoDisemba 8, 1965, xa umgwaqo ukhanyiswa ngezibane zeparafini kunye nezibane zeemoto ezifakwe kwinqanaba. Ngoko ngokukhawuleza e-Longyearbyen yaqalisa ukusebenza kwisikhululo - moya , ngo-1972 kwakukho iindiza ezili-100.
- Ngokuvumelana nezivumelwano zamazwe ngamazwe, ukwakhiwa kwezixhobo zempi akuvumelekanga kwiSvalbard. I-Soviet Union yayixhalabisa ukuba i-moya ye-moya yesiqhelo ingasetyenziswa yi-NATO. Kodwa iiSoviets nazo zazifuna isikhumulo sezindiza ukuba zilungiselele ukuhlala kwazo, kwaye ekuqaleni kwawo-1970 isivumelwano safikeleleka phakathi kwamazwe amabini.
- Ukwakhiwa kwesikhumulo sezindiza e-Longyearbyen kwaqala ngo-1973. Ubunzima bokuthi kwakudingeka ukwakha kwi-permafrost. Umgwaqo wawunqanyulwa phantsi komhlaba ukuze ungayi kunyibilika ehlobo. I-hangar yayakhiwe kwiindawo ezitshintshiweyo ezifakwe emhlabathini kwaye ziqhenqele. Kwakunzima ukwakha umzila, kwafuneka ndiyivuselele kangangoko.
- Ngo-2006, ngokusetyenziswa kwetheknoloji yamanje, kwakhiwa izithuthi ezintsha kwaye i-terminal yahlaziywa. Namhlanje, umgwaqo u-2,483 wamitha ubude kwaye ububanzi beemitha ezingama-45, ngaphantsi kweso sakhiwo esingagxinyiweyo esingabonakali ukusuka kumgama we-1 ukuya kwi-4 ubude, okuyimfuneko ukukhusela ukuchithwa komhlaba ngexesha lehlobo.
Umsebenzi wesikhumulo-moya kule mihla
Isiqithi-moya si-3 km ngasentshonalanga kwidolophu yaseNorway yaseLongyearbyen. Ukongezelela, ikhonza indawo yokuhlala yaseRussia yaseBarentsburg. INorway inxalenye yendawo yeSchengen, kodwa oku akusebenzi kuSpitsbergen. Ukususela ngo-2011, isiza-moya saseSvalbard sinokulawulwa kwepaspoti, kufuneka ubonise ipasipoti okanye ikhadi lesazisi kwi-EU, okanye amalungelo aseNorway, kunye nekitikiti yempi nayo iyimfuneko.
Isikhumulo seenqwelomoya sinika iinkonzo zayo:
- iteksi kunye nokuqeshisa imoto ;
- ibhasi, ukunyuka kwiehotele;
- imoto yokupaka izithuba zokupaka ezingama-200.
I-Scandinavian Airlines inikeza umsebenzi we-SAS, owenza iindiza zemihla ngemihla ukuya e-Oslo naseTromso.
Ndingafika njani?
KwiSpitsbergen, i-Vei 200 iholele e-Longyearbyen, kwaye ungayishiya neVei 232. Iindiza ze-Longyearbyen zindiza ezivela eTromso , Oslo , Domodedovo.