Ibhuloho ende kunazo zonke kwihlabathi

Zininzi izakhiwo ezimangalisayo kwihlabathi ezenza ulumke kwaye zonwabe nangona ongenamava kwimibuzo yobunjineli yendoda yesitalato. Namhlanje, sincoma ukuba uthathe uhambo oluqhelekileyo kwibhuloho ephezulu kwihlabathi. Ngoko, cwangcisa ukuba kube lula ngakumbi - indlela yethu eFransi , apho i-viilla ye Millau ikhona - ibhuloho ephezulu yokumisa emhlabeni.

Ibhuloho laseMillau lingabizwa ngaphandle kokuthobeka kwenkohlakalo enye yezinto zobunjineli ezimangalisayo zehlabathi, ezinzima kakhulu kwaye ziqinisekiswe kwiinkcukacha ezincinci kukuyila kwayo. Itholakala ngasentla kwintlambo yomlambo iTar kwaye isombulula ingxaki yephepha elikhuselekileyo ukusuka kwisixeko saseFransi ukuya kwidolophu encinane eBeers. Ukongezelela, ngokuchanekileyo kwibhuloho ephezulu eYurophu ukuba indlela eyona mfutshane kunye neyona ndlela ihamba phambili esuka eFransi iya eSpain .

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i-viilla i-Millau ayilanga ngokukhawuleza nenjongo yayo ngqo kwaye inika lula ukuhamba, kodwa ubuhle obuhle bokuyila kwayo. Akunjalo ngethuba lokuba iifoto zeli bhuloho, ezenziwe ngabathwebuli bezithombe ezidumile emhlabeni wonke, zihombise iiofisi kunye namahotele kumazwe eNdala neNtsha. Ngokukhethekileyo imangalisa i-Millau viaduct xa inkungu iphakama ukusuka kummandla wentlambo, ifihla inkxaso yayo. Ngelo xesha, kukho ukukholelwa okupheleleyo ukuba yonke ikhilomitha ezimbini i-mahina ihamba nje emoyeni.

Ukubhaliweyo kweprojekthi ye-Miho viaduct kungabalingisi ababini abakhethekileyo - uNorman Foster kunye noMichel Virlajo. Amanyathelo abo kunye neenzame ezihlangeneyo zawavumela ukuba baqaphele le projekthi, engenazo iimpawu kwihlabathi lonke, ngexesha elifutshane nje. Ukuvulwa okukhulu kwebhuloho kwenzeka ngomhla kaDisemba 14, 2004, kwiminyaka emine nje emva kokuba kwakhiwe ukwakhiwa. Kwaye sele sele ivele emva kweentsuku ezimbini emva kokuqalisa ukusebenza kwibhulorho, i-traffic esebenzayo yaqala.

Nangona ukuba iqela leprojekthi lalibandakanya iingcinga zobunjineli beFransi, kwakunzima ukwakha ibhuloho yezimoto eziphezulu emhlabeni. Ngokomzekelo, ukuqinisekisa ukukhuseleka ngokupheleleyo kweso sakhiwo, abaphuhlisi kufuneka baqulunqe ngokwahlukileyo ukuyila nganye yeenkxaso. Ngenxa yoko, zonke iiprogram zenziwa ngeeramitha ezahlukeneyo kwaye zenzelwe umthwalo ocacileyo. Ukongezelela, bekufuneka ukuba isombulule iingxaki ezihambelana nokuthutha kunye nokufakwa kwazo zonke iinqununu zebhuloho, kwaye ngokwenene eyona nto iqulethwe ngamacandelo angama-2.3 nganye. Inkathazo eninzi yazisa izakhiwo kunye nemozulu eguquguqukayo yesigodi seTar River, zonke iifom ekwafuneka ukuba ziqwalaselwe kwi-design.

Ukunciphisa ukulungiswa kweendleko zendlela yomhlaba kunye nokude kwangoko ukugcina ukususela ekutshatyalalisweni kwesiseko sebhuloho, kwakudingeka ukuba kuphuhliswe iifom entsha yekhonkrithi, ebonakaliswe ukunyaniseka okwandisiweyo kunye nobomi benkonzo eyongezelelweyo. Umsebenzi ekuphuhlisweni kwengubo entsha yaqhutyelwa iminyaka emithathu kwaye ekugqibeleni waba nempumelelo. Namhlanje, ukutshitshiswa kweBhuloho yaseMillau akunazo iimpawu emhlabeni wonke.

Ukwakhiwa okunjalo kwakudinga iindleko ezinkulu zezimali. Ngokutsho koqikelelo olusisigxina, i-viilla ye-Millau ixabisa malunga nesiqingatha sezigidigidi ze-euro. Kuphela ukuseka indawo ekhethekileyo yokuhlawula ibhuloho isetyenziswe malunga ne-euro yezigidi ezingama-20. Kwaye akumangalisi - kwindawo yokukhangela kukhona izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezikuvumela ukuba ulandele inani leemoto kwibhuloho kwaye unqume umthwalo kuyo nayiphi na ixesha. Nangona iindleko ezithandekayo zokwakha, iindleko zokuhamba ngebhuloho zingenamlinganiselo. Ngokomzekelo, umnini we-scooter uhamba ngeendleko ze-3.9 zama-euro, umnini wemoto-ukusuka kwi-6 ukuya kwi-7.7 zama-euro, kunye nomqhubi weloli ezintathu-nge-euro ezingama-29.