U-Ogorodniki uhlala ekhula iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zetamatato, ezahluke kwi-bush bush. Ukuhlala ixesha elide kunye namasebe aphuli, kufuneka ukwazi ukubopha utamatisi kwindawo evulekile. Kukho iindlela ezininzi zokuqhuba inkqubo enjalo ngokuzikhethela kwayo.
Ngaba ndifuna ukubopha utamatisi?
Azikho zonke iindidi ezifunekayo ukuba zizinze kwiinkxaso, izityalo ezinokuqala kwaye ezantsi zikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwe-garter. Abalimi abaninzi bambana ngokubaluleka kwenkqubo enjalo, ngoko ngaphambi kokuba ufumanise indlela yokubopha utamatisi ngokuvulekile, kufuneka ubonise iingenelo ezikhoyo:
- Enye yeenkqubo ezinyanzelisayo zokuthintela ukukhula kwehlathi yi- pasynkovanie yayo. Kukulungele ukuphumeza xa isityalo sichaziweyo.
- Ndiyabulela ukuphakanyiswa kwamasebe ngaphezu komhlaba, kunokwenzeka ukuphepha ukutshabalaliswa kwesityalo, kuba utamatisi akayi kubola, kwaye iya kuhlaselwa yizinambuzane.
- Ukukhupha kubalulekile ukuba umswakama awuwa phantsi kwamagqabi kunye namaqanda, kwaye ukuba isiqithi silele phantsi, kuya kuba nzima ukuyiqonda.
- Ukuqhayisa utamatisi omude kwindawo evulekile kubalulekile ukukhusela ukuphuka kwesitshixo ngenxa yobunzima besityalo.
- Ngenxa yendawo eqingqiweyo yehlathi, liba livule ilanga nomoya, obangela ukuphucula ngcono. Ukuphalaza kule meko kulula, kwaye inkqubo iya kusebenza ngakumbi.
Indlela yokubopha utamatisi kwindawo evulekile - izixhobo
Kuyimpazamo ukukholelwa ukuba izinto ezihlukeneyo zingasetyenziselwa inkqubo, kuba kufuneka zikhuseleke kwaye zithembeke. Kwiimeko ezininzi, inkxaso yokhuni okanye izitya zensimbi, intambo, intambo kunye nokunye kusetyenziswa. Iivenkile zithengisa ikhefu ekhethekileyo ye-tomato yerter, ephindwa kwakhona. Nceda uqaphele ukuba kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokulungisa ngexesha elizayo, kuyimfuneko ukuba kuphunyezwe i-disinfection. Ngenxa yale njongo, isisombululo se-klorine singasetyenziswa.
Iintsika ze-garter ye-tomato
Uninzi lwabalimi basebenzisa izigxobo ezenziwe ngokhuni ukulungisa izihlahla, ezifanele zibe malunga nobude obufanayo. Sekunokwenzeka ukuba kusetyenziswe iipayipi kwintsimbi kunye neplastiki, kwaye kusekho iintonga ezinzima. I-Gum izitamatisi zifakwe ecaleni kweentsika, kwaye kufuneka zibe ngama-25-30 cm ngaphezulu kwezityalo, kuba kule ndlela, ziba zijonge. Beka emkhatsini we-10-15 cm ukusuka kwisiqu, ukuze ungalonakalisi inkqubo yeengcambu.
Intambo yomgca we-tomato
Ukulungisa iibhokhwe kwisibonda, intambo isetyenziswe rhoqo, kodwa kubalulekile ukunyamekela ubunzima bayo. Akukhuthazwa ukuthatha iindophi ezincinci, njengoko zinokunquma iziqu. Kwiintengiso zegadi, ungathenga i-twine ekhethekileyo kwi-tomato ye-garter, elula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye iphephile. Kungcono ukuwinqumla kwiiqhekeza ezifanayo ukwenzela ukuba intambo ingabonakali ngexesha le-garter.
Amacaka e-garter ye-tomato
Ukulungiswa kwezityalo zemifuno, kusetyenziswe iilwimi ezihlukeneyo, ezinokuthengwa kwisitokhwe esilungile okanye esenziwe ngesandla. Kubalulekile ukuba i-compact kwaye ayithathi indawo enkulu, kodwa kwakulula ukubopha utamatisi kuyo. Uyilo lwetamatato lombaritha lungaqondana, njengodonga, ukuba libe nombuthano okanye unxantathu. Kukho ama-racks eklanyelwe kwinqaba ngalinye kunye neenkxaso ezinkulu kwiimigqa yonke.
Ifowuni ye-garter ye-tomato
Ngokuqhelekileyo abantu basebenzisa izinto zokulungisa izihlahla, umzekelo, iinguqu ezahlukeneyo zocingo. Zonke iindlela zetamatato zengcambu zibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwentambo, edla ngokukhokelela kumonakalo kwi-trunk ethambileyo namasebe. Ngenxa yoko, akukhuthazwa ukusebenzisa imicu, umgca wokuloba kunye nezinye izinto ezincinci. Ukuba akukho nto enye, ke kungcono ukuthatha indwangu yekotoni kwaye uyinqumle ibe yimichilo e-4-5 cm ububanzi. Enye into ekhoyo iyindawo yamandulo okanye iisitokisi ezithambileyo.
Iindlela zokugubha utamatisi
Abalimi abaninzi banendlela eyintandokazi yokugada, ngoko unokuzama iindlela ezimbalwa zokukhetha eyona nto yamkelekileyo. Kufanelekile ukuncoma ukufumana izakhiwo ezinkulu ezingapheli nonyaka. Kukho umyalelo wokubamba utamatisi ngokufanelekileyo kwindawo evulekile, apho ungahamba khona:
- Ekuqaleni, kucetyiswa ukuba kuqhutywe i-pasynkovanie kwaye ulungiselele zonke izinto eziyimfuneko kwindlela ekhethiweyo yokulungiswa.
- Isigaba esilandelayo ngumsebenzi wokulungiselela ukwakhiwa kwenkqubo yenkxaso.
- Emva koko, i-garter yenziwa kwaye inkqubo iya kugqitywa ngokuthambisa isityalo.
Indlela yokubopha utamatisi omude kwipridi?
Inketho eqhelekileyo, ngokubonga ukuba ungayibamba i-garter yeendidi ezininzi ngexesha elilodwa. Kuyimfuneko ekupheleni kunye nokuqala komgca ukuqhuba kwizinto ezixhasayo, umzekelo, imithwalo yemithi okanye ipayipi yensimbi. Phakathi kwabo ulula isitya esenziwe ngentsimbi okanye eplastiki. Ezi ndlela zokudibanisa utamatisi kwindawo evulekile zifanele ezinye izityalo zemifuno, umzekelo, iikomkom.
Abalimi abanolwazi bancomela ukusebenzisa intanethi kunye neeseli ezinkulu ukwenzela ukuba kube lula ukunamathela iziqu kunye namasebe esityalo. Ukuchaza indlela yokubopha utamatisi kwindawo evulelekileyo kwi-gridi, kubalulekile ukuphawula inzuzo ebalulekileyo-njengokukhula kweetamatato, unokulungisa amasebe kwinqanaba elihle ngakumbi. Xa usebenzisa i-metal mesh, ayikwazi ukususwa ebusika, kwaye ukhetho lweplastiki lungcono ukuguquka ngaphambi kokuqala kwimozulu ebanda.
Gcina i-tomato kwi-trellis ehamba phambili
Enye yezikhetho ezintle kakhulu, ngokubonga ukuba unako ukubopha zonke iintsiba ngexesha. Kukho iingcebiso malunga nendlela engcono yokubopha utamatisi kwi-trellis engqambileyo:
- Kubalulekile ukulungiselela imigoqo emibini yamandla okanye iipayipi kwaye uyibambe emhlabathini ekuqaleni nasekupheleni komqolo.
- Phakathi kwezinto ezilungiselelwe i-twine isetwe kwelinye okanye imigqa emininzi, ingqalelo ukuba i-periodicity kufuneka ibe ngama-30-40 cm.
- Ngezolulo ezingezantsi, zithengela izixhobo ezifakwe nge-U eziza kubamba i trellis.
- Kwabo banomdla wokubamba utamatisi kwindawo evulekile ukuya kwi-trellis engqambileyo, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba kukho iindlela ezimbini zokulungisa izihlahla. Ukuba iindidi ezili-twine zixhatshazwa, i-garter ekhethiweyo kufuneka ifake umnqwanqwa ophakathi kwi-trellis engqambileyo. Ungayilungisa i-stem, usebenzisa ulwahlulo oluninzi olufanayo, uqondisa izityalo emva kwelinye icala le-trellis, ngoko kwelinye, ukudala ukupakisha.
Garter itekisi kwi trellis ecacileyo
Abafuyi baqalayo bayaqiniseka ukuba indlela yokulungisa ingasetyenziswa kuphela xa ikhula imifuno kwi-greenhouse.
- Utamatisi we-Garter kwindawo evulekile kwi-trellis ebonakalayo xa kunokwenzeka ukwakha inkxaso ephakamileyo, kuba iifolo zifakwe kwi-crossbar engqamlekileyo.
- Izinto zokugqoka zikhethiweyo ukuze ubude balo bulingane nokuphakama ukusuka emhlabathini ukuya kwi-twine ejikelezayo kunye no-30 cm.
- Ukubopha phantsi kwesityalo phantsi kwephepha eliphantsi, kodwa qaphela ukuba isiqu siya kudla, ngoko kufuneka kubekho isitokisi.
- Emva koko, gqoka impahla ejikeleze isityalo esivuthayo kwaye uyilungiselele i-twine ejikelezayo.
Garter itekisi yesibhozo
Le ndlela ibandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwezibonda eziqhelekileyo, kwaye kuthathwa njengento elula kakhulu kwaye ifikeleleke. Ukuqhuba ukuxhaswa kufuneka kube kwindawo engama-25-3 cm. Ukuchonga i-garter yeetatayi kwindawo evulekileyo kubonisa imfuneko yokusebenzisa izithintelo ezithile kwihlathi ngalinye. I-trunk yesityalo ihlanganiswe kwizinto ezikhethiweyo ze-garter kunye neziphelo zayo zidinga ukuba zidlulwe kunye nesibhozo-sibhozo, sisonakele kwaye sibophelelwe inkxaso. Imiyalelo malunga nendlela yokubopha utamatisi ngokusemgangathweni kwindawo evulekileyo yokunika inkxaso ibonise ukuba ukusetyenziswa okunjalo kuqhutyelwa kunye neentsimbi ezinkulu.
Gcina i-tomato kwindawo evulekile kwifom yefowuni
Kule meko, ukusetyenziswa kweenqabileyo ngesimo seembalo ezenziwe ngetambo enqabileyo kuthethwa. Ukuchaza indlela yokubopha utamatisi kwintsimi, kubalulekile ukuba ukhombise ukuba izangqa kufuneka zifakwe kwiinkxaso ezininzi zetsimbi kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo ukwenzela ukuba ufumane isango elinamandla ngendlela yesilinda. Kwizitolo zasegadini ungathenga izakhiwo ezilungiselelwe ukulungelelanisa.
Izindlela ezifanayo zokudibanisa ukhukhamba kunye neetamatati zithetha ukulungiswa komntu ngamnye kwinqaba, apho ezininzi zinomsebenzi obizayo. Iiseli ezigqityiwe zibiwe kwi-15-20 cm, kwaye emva koko, i-garter ye-seedling ithathwa kuyo. Esikhundleni sefreyimu, ungayenza kwiiplanga zokhuni, kodwa ke ziya kuba nomfanekiso wesikwere.