Ingxaki yokukhetha i-router ngoku ibonakala phantse wonke umntu onokusetyenziswa kweekhompyutheni zanamuhla ekhaya. I-Laptop, i-smartphone, ithebhulethi - zonke iifowuni ezintsha zixhunyiwe kwi-intanethi, kwaye zixhumeke kwinethiwekhi enye ngaphandle kokuqokelela kweentambo zikunceda nje i-router encinci ye-router.
Iimpawu ze-Wai-router
I-router (okanye i-router) yenzelwe ukudibanisa inethiwekhi yomhlaba kunye nenethiwekhi yekhaya ibe enye. Ndiyabulela, i-PC idibanisa kunye nokufikelela kwi-intanethi kunikezelwa kuzo zonke iigaraji kwihostela. Ngaphambi kokuba uthenge i-router, into eyintloko kukuba ufumane - yiziphi iiparamitha zokukhetha i-router, zihluke phakathi kwazo iintlobo zenkqubo yokudluliselwa kwedatha, ukusebenza, uluhlu. Kungcono ukuba izixhobo mazixhotywe nge-wireless interface ye-Wi-Fi.
Uluhlu luni lomzila wokukhetha?
Ukuthenga i-router ye-WiFi, nokugqiba oko kukulungele ekhaya, kufuneka ubeke ingqalelo kwi-frequency yayo, oku kulandelayo ngamabakala ayo:
- 2.4 GHz - inkxaso malunga nazo zonke izixhobo.
- 5 GHz - ngaphambi kokuthenga, kufuneka uqinisekise ukuba ummkeli (i-PC, i-laptop, i-smartphone) unokusebenza kuloluhlu.
Inketho yokuqala yinkanethi endala, ifunyenwe yonke indawo kwaye ngoko ilayishwe ngakumbi. Ibhande le-5 le-GHz kule mpawulo iphumelela njenge-ether ekhululekile kwaye ibonakaliswe ngoluhlu oluphezulu. Kodwa i-5 GHz ine-drawback - kule ngqameko yesakhiwo, nokuba amahlamvu iyisithiyo, ngelixa i-2.4 GHz ayibalulekanga. Ngoko ke, phambi kokukhetha i-router, kuyimfuneko ukuvavanya iimeko apho intanethi iza kuvela khona. Amanqaku amaninzi anika i-hardware kunye nenkxaso kwezo zombini.
Yintoni ijubane le router?
Xa ukhetha indlela yokukhetha i-router ye-WiFi ekhaya, kufuneka ugxininise kwisantya sokudluliswa kwedatha, imigangatho ekhoyo:
- 802.11 b / g - 54 Mbps;
- 802.11 n - ukuya ku-600 Mbit / s;
- 802.11 ac - 6.77 Gbps.
Umgangatho ogqithisileyo wonxibelelwano ngowama-802.11n. Iimodeli ezingama-802.1ac ziqala ukufumana ukuthandwa kwimarike. Kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba ijubane elibhengeziweyo kwibhokisi liyiyo-jikelele, kwiimeko zangempela i-router inganika isignali engenazicatshulwa kancane. Kodwa ukuzaliseka kwemisebenzi yasekhaya 100 Mbps ngokwaneleyo kunye nomda.
Yiyiphi i router engcono - i-antennas?
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe i-router, kufuneka ukwazi ukuba umda wokukhawuleza wemveliso ye-antenna ingama-150 Mb / s, ngebini le-300 Mb / s, ngamnye emva koko ukwandiswa ngu-150 Mb / s. IziThuthi zakhiwe ngaphakathi nangaphandle. Xa ufuna i-router yendlu, leyo i-antenna ukuyithenga - ayibalulekanga, umehluko phakathi kwabo kuya kubonakala ngokucacileyo. Kwezinye iimeko, umzekelo ukhethwe kwimeko nganye yangempela:
- Kwiofisi evulekileyo okanye kwindawo evulekile, ufuna i-antenna ye-omni-directional, enokumiselwa phantsi kwephahla, eluphahleni, emthini.
- Ukuxhuma iiofisi, ii-server okanye ii-PC kwizakhiwo ezahlukileyo, ufuna i-antenna, okanye ezimbini, "ukubetha" umqondiso omnye komnye.
Iinkcukacha zeendlela zokuhamba ngeenkcukacha
Zonke iinkcukacha ezithunyelwa nge-routers mazikhuselwe, kwaye ukungena kwinethiwekhi ye-WiFi kuvaliwe ngephasiwedi ukwenzela ukuba abaculi bangakwazi ukusebenzisa i-intanethi ekhaya. Iintlobo ezisisiseko zokubethela:
- I-WEP inomusa osemdala, okwangoku kukhwabanisa lula kwaye kungabhalwanga.
- I-WPS - umgangatho ngaphandle kokungena iphasiwedi ukungena kwinethiwekhi, kufuneka ucinezele iqhosha kwipaneli ukuxhuma. Hackers likaHack yilelo elaligqithisa inethiwekhi enjalo kwiiyure ezingama-3-15, ukuyisebenzisa ingozi.
- I-WPA / i-WPA2 - isigqibo sokuba yiyiphi i-router eya kukhetha ikhaya, kuyafaneleka ukuhlala kwi-hardware kunye nohlobo lokubhaliweyo, lona luthembekileyo. Kukho iintlobo ezimbini:
- I-PSK - uxhumano kwinethiwekhi luyenzeka ngexabiso lephasiwedi ebekwe ngaphambili (ifanelekile kwii-PCs zasekhaya).
- I-enterprise - iphasiwedi iveliswa ngokuzenzekelayo, iifayile zichaphazelekayo kumnatha womsebenzi.
Indlela yokukhetha i-router wi-fi router yakho ekhaya?
Xa ukhetha i-router ye-WiFi ukuyisebenzisa ekhaya, kungcono ukuthenga i-router ngokulawulwa kwamandla okudlulisela. Umsebenzi wenzelwe ukusebenza kwesi sixhobo esiphakamileyo, esiphakathi, esezantsi. Imodi yokugcina amandla iyancipha umbane wesiginali kwaye ibeka kwindawo "yobuthongo" xa inethiwekhi ingasebenzi. Ngoko unako ukugcina ambalwa emitha yamandla ngosuku, ezi zixhobo zivelisa i-radiation engaphantsi. Ngoku iimpembelelo ze-Wi Fi kumntu uphando, iindlebe zengozi yazo ziphoqa abavelisi ukuba bafike ngeendlela zokukhusela i-eco.
Impawu zobuchwephesha ze-router - imisebenzi eyongeziweyo
Ngaphambi kokuba ukhethe i-router yasekhaya, kufuneka wazi ukuba ezinye iimodeli zixhotyiswe ngeendlela zokuncedisa:
- I-firewall eyakhelwe ngaphakathi. Ukhusela umnatha wekhaya ukususa.
- Ukufumaneka kwee-USB. Iyakwazi ukudibanisa imodemu ye-3G, i-4G, iiprinta, i-scanners, i- drive yangaphandle .
- I-Wizard yokulanda kunye nomxhasi we-torrent-client. Layisha ifayile xa ikhompyutha ikhulile.
- Ukufikelela kude kwivenkile yefayile yekhaya. Iirekhodi zakho zingasetyenziswa naphi na kwihlabathi.
- Ulawulo lwabazali. Kwizicwangciso zibonisa ukuba yiziphi iindawo ezingenakutyelelwa ngabantwana.
Ukugqiba ukuba yiyiphi i-router eyona nto ibhetele, akufanele uxoshe inani elikhulu lemisebenzi eyongezelelweyo. Uninzi lwabo aluyi kuphinda ludingeke ekhaya, kwaye intengo yeemveliso ezinjalo ziphezulu kunokoqobo. Ukongezelela, ngamnye umsebenzi ongezelelweyo udala umthwalo kwidivaysi, enokunciphisa ukusebenza kwayo njengomthumeli wolwazi.
Luhlobo luni loxhumo endiyolukhethayo lo router?
Ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zeenkonzo ze-intanethi zisebenzisa iiprotokholi ezahlukeneyo. Iinkampani ezinkulu zikhetha i-PPTP okanye i-L2TP, amancinci angasebenzisa i-PPPoE. Kwezinye iindawo kukho i-protocol ye-ADSL, enika ukufikelela kwiwebhu yehlabathi ngokusebenzisa intambo yefowuni. Kwiindawo ezikude kunokuba kubalulekile ukuxhasa ii-modem 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G. Ubuncinci obufunekayo kwi-hardware enhle: i-PPTP, i-L2T kunye ne-PPPoE, ezinye iiprotokholi-ngokwemiqathango. Xa ukhetha uhlobo loxhumo olukhethiweyo xa ulungelelanisa i-router, kubalulekile ukucacisa ukuba yiyiphi iteknoloji umsebenzisi okhethiweyo usebenzisa.
Indlela yokukhetha i-rou-wi-fi?
Xa kuthengwa i router, kucetyiswa ukuba uhlolisise iimeko apho ziya kusebenza khona. Umzekelo, xa ugqiba indlela yokukhetha i-router yendlu, unokuyeka kwisicwangciso sebhajethi ngaphandle kwemisebenzi encedisayo. Kodwa xa ufuna ukudala inethiwekhi ephezulu yokusebenza ngokudlulisa inani elikhulu leedatha, uya kufuna i-hardware enegunya elinamandla kunye nokukwazi ukudibanisa izixhobo zangaphandle zokugcina.
Indlela yokukhetha i-router ye-WiFi kwindlu?
Ngaphambi kokukhetha i-router yasekhaya, kufuneka uqinisekise umgaqo-nkqubo wokuxhuma, isantya, inani labamkeli abaza kudibaniswa kuyo. Uhlobo lwe-LAN-connector luchaza isantya sokutshintshaniswa kwedatha phakathi kwe-router ne- laptop , i-smartphone, ithebhulethi. Kukho iindlela ezimbini:
- I-Ethernet ekhawulezayo- ukuya kwi-100 Mbps;
- I-Gigabit Ethernet - ukusebenza ukuya kwi-1 Gb / s.
Indlela yokukhetha i-router ye-WiFi efanelekileyo:
- Fumana uhlobo lomniki-protocol kunye nomxhasi we-WAN (umgca ovela kwifowuni okanye edibeneyo).
- Kwijubane le-intanethi ngaphezu kwe-100 Mbps, udinga idivaysi ngeGigabit Ethernet (1 Gbps) i-LAN kumachwebeni, ukuba ngaba ngaphantsi, uya kuba ne-Quick Ethernet (100 Mbps).
- Ukusebenza namaxwebhu kwaye ujonge amasayithi, kukho i-router ene-antenna enye kunye nenkxaso ye-802.11n standard.
- Ukudlala imidlalo ye-intanethi, ukubukela amavidiyo kwizinto ezininzi zobuchwepheshe kuya kufuna i-router nge-antenna ezininzi kunye nomgangatho we-802.11ac.
Yiyiphi i router eyokukhetha kwiofisi?
Xa ukhetha ukuba yiyiphi i-router efanelekileyo, kufuneka umntu acinge ukuba xa wakha inethiwekhi yokusebenza, ezininzi izixhobo zixhunyiwe kwi-router. Xa uthengwa, kufuneka ukwazi ezinye zeengxaki. Indlela yokukhetha i-router ofisi:
- Ukucacisa iimfuno zezixhobo kunye ne-data transfer transfer protocol evela kumboneleli.
- Ukuthenga idivaysi eneenqwelwana ezininzi ze-WAN. Oku kuya kuvumela ukusebenzisa iinkonzo zababoneleli abaninzi ukuqinisekisa ukuzinza koqhagamshelwano. Ukuba enye i-WAN iyakhwela, ungatshintshela kukhululekile.
- Thenga i-router ngeenombolo ezininzi ze-LAN Gigabit Ethernet okanye i-Fast Ethernet, kuxhomekeke kwinani lamadivaysi eofisi.
- Sebenzisa i-router exhasa i-802.11n okanye i-802.11ac, ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba elithathayo.
- Unokuthenga umzekelo nge-USB port ukuxhuma i-hard drive okanye i-modem kuyo.
Iimoto ezihamba ngeefowuni - njani ukhetha?
Ukuba ukhetha i-router nge-SIM khadi esebenza njengemodem (ithola isigxina kumsebenzisi weselula kwaye inikezela i-WiFi), ngoko ingasetyenziselwa kwiholide, kwi-cottage. Ukufikelela kwi-intanethi, ngoko awuyidingi iifoni. Iiparameters zokuqwalasela:
- Ukufumana uxhulumaniso olufanelekileyo olunezixhobo ezifanelekileyo ze-3G, 4G.
- Ibhetri ye-1500 mAh iphethe intlawulo yeeyure ezingama-3-4, iibhetri ezibiza i-3000 mAh ziya kunika iiyure ezingama-5 ukuya ku-6 zokuqhubeka.
- Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba nechwep ye-LAN okanye isixhumi se-USB ukuxhuma izixhobo kwi laptop ukuze ubuyekeze i-firmware okanye usethe kwakhona izicwangciso.
- Isixhobo esinokukwazi ukudibanisa i-antenna yangaphandle siyakukuvumela ukuba ungene kwiwebhu yehlabathi, kwimihlaba enezonxibelelwano ezingenakulinganiswa.
Liliphi iqela lokukhetha i-router?
Xa ukhetha i-router ye-WiFi ukuba ukhethe, kufuneka ukhethe okukhethiweyo kumatshini aqinisekisiweyo aphumelele ukuthembela kwabasebenzisi. Abavelisi abadumile:
- I-Lynksys- iindleko eziphezulu eziphezulu zokusebenza, kunye neli themba.
- Iimveliso ze- Asus zikhokelela ukulula, ezininzi izicwangciso eziguquguqukayo, zinikezela ngomgangatho omhle woqhagamshelwano iminyaka emininzi.
- I-Zyxel - ivelisa amaninzi amanqaku omgangatho ofanelekileyo, phakathi kwazo iimveliso kunye nespilathi eneqhosha elinamandla kunye nokusebenza okukhulu.
- I-TP-link- inikezela ngemveliso ethembekileyo kunye nekhwalithi ephezulu ngexabiso elithengileyo, ukusebenza akukho ngaphantsi kwamayeza axabisekileyo.
- I-D-Link yikhiqiza ehamba phambili yee routers kwicandelo loqoqosho. Umgangatho wezixhobo uphezulu, ongenakuthiwa nge-firmware.