Isifo sesifo sofuba sisifo esiphathekayo emhlabeni wonke esibangelwa yi-mycobacteria, i-Koch. Eyona yaziwa kakhulu yifomu yesifo sesifo, kodwa isifo sofuba sinokuchaphazela amathambo kunye nesikhumba.
Isifo sofuba sikhumba sikhula xa i-microbacteria ingena esikhumbeni. Kukho iintlobo ezine ze-microbacteria: abantu, isifuba, i-avian kunye negazi elibandayo. Xa isikhumba sesifo sofuba sisoloko sibona abantu, ngamanye amaxesha - uhlobo oluthile lwe-intanethi.
Iintlobo kunye neempawu zesifo sofuba sesifo sofuba
Izilonda zesifo sofuba zinemizekelo emininzi, eyahlukileyo ngohlobo lokusuleleka, isikolo sesifo kunye nendlela i-skincer tuberculosis ibonakala ngayo. Iqela elipheleleyo lezifo lihlulwe kwiindawo ezikufutshane (kugxininisa) kwaye zisasazwa (zisasazeka) isifo sofuba sesifo sofuba.
Iifom eziphambili zesifo ziquka:
- I-Vulgar (i-vulgar) i-lupus yindlela eqhelekileyo yesifo. Ininzi idla ngokubakho kwasebuncinci, kwaye iindawo ezinqabileyo zihlala kwindawo. Kwiimeko ezinzima, zichaphazela umlenze womlonyeni womlomo kunye neempumlo. Izigulucula ze-Tubercular (lupomas) ziphantsi kancinane kwesikhumba kwaye kwisigaba sokuqala zinamabala aphuzi-pinki kunye nemida ecaciswe ngokucacileyo. Ngokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo, ii-tubercles zibonakala zibonakala ngakumbi, kodwa zihlala zihlala ziphathekayo kwaye zincinci ngaphezu kwesikhumba.
- I-Scrofuloderma (isifo sofuba esisigxina) sisihlandlo sesibini esibonakalayo sobonakaliso . Imiqondiso yale fomu yesikhumba sesifo sofuba sinqabileyo ngesimo se-deep-lying, i-malabile nodules 3-5 cm ububanzi, isikhumba esiphezu kwe-tinge. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, iigunyuli ziba yintshontsho ebandayo, kwisayithi apho, emva kokuvulwa, isilonda sihlala. I-Scrofuloderm yenziwa ngokuqhelekileyo xa usulelo lufakwe kwi-lymph nodes echaphazelekayo, kaninzi kuncinci kwezinye izicubu. Yifakwe entanyeni kwaye, ngamanye amaxesha, izitho.
- Isifo sesifo sofuba esikhulayo - ngokuqhelekileyo sisenzeka xa usulelo luvela kwezinye izitho ezichaphazelekayo kunye nezicubu. Kubonakala ngathi izilonda eziphaphakayo zingenanto engalinganiyo ehlanganiswe neenqununu eziphuzi. Iza kufakwa kwiimbumba zamanzi kunye nezicubu ezizungezile (umlomo, izitho zomzimba).
- Isifo sofuba esifubeni- sibonakalisa ngendlela ye-cyanotic-obomvu engena kwi-warty ukukhula. Usulelo luvela kwimithombo yangaphandle kwaye luhlala luhambelana nomsebenzi (amaqela emngcipheko aquka abazilwanyana bezilwanyana, abaxheliweyo, abathinteli bezilwanyana). Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka kwiminwe nangemva kwesandla.
Phakathi kweefom ezazisasazwayo:
- I-Papulonecrotic isifo sesifo sofuba - ngokuqhelekileyo senziwa eselula. Kubonakala ngendlela yeempawu ezibomvu ze-cyanotic kunye ne-scrotic necrotic kwiziko. Ukuphazamiseka kufumaneka ngokulinganayo, ngokuqhelekileyo - kwiindawo zokuphelisa. Emva kokuwa kwe-scab, endaweni yayo kuhlala isicatshulwa "sesitampu".
- Ukukhubaza isifo sofuba sikhumba (naye uyanqanda i-scrofula) - kubonakaliso lwangaphandle lufana neempawu eziqhelekileyo ezibomvu. Ininzi idla ngokuchaphazela isikhumba se-trunk, kaninzi kangako - izitho kunye nobuso.
Ukuxilongwa kwe-TB yesifo
Njengawo nawaphi na uhlobo lwesifo, isifo sofuba sisifo sivame ukufunyaniswa ngesiseko seesampuli ze-tuberculin ezikhethekileyo. Kwakhona, isiseko soxilongo singasebenza njengobungqina obuvela kwi-anamnesis (eyadluliselwa ngaphambili nayiphi na uhlobo lwesifo sofuba) kunye nezifundo ezizodwa zeengcali.
Unyango lwephepha lesifo sofuba
Ukunyangwa kwesi sifo, ukuhlanganiswa kwamachiza amaninzi ngokuqhelekileyo kumiselwe, okufuneka kuthathelwe iinyanga ezi-2-3. Emva koko intlangano iyatshintshwa ukuze kungabikho nxamnye namachiza.
Eyona ndlela isebenzayo kakhulu ukuya kumhla yi-Isoniazid neRifampicin.
Amachiza anokusebenza ngokufanelekileyo aquka iStripomycin, i-Ethionamide, iFlorimycin, iCanamycin.
Inkqubo yokonyango ihlala kwiinyanga ezili-10-12 kunye nokulawulwa kwezonyango ezilandelayo emva kweminyaka emi-5. Ukuzihlaziya isifo sesifo sofuba kuyaphikisana ngokungqinelanayo.