Ukuxilongwa kweLebhu yeTsholongwane kaGawulayo kwenziwa ngeendlela ezininzi kwaye kubalulekile ekuxilongweni. Kuqulethwe ekufumaneni i-antibodies kwi-HIV ngendlela ye-enzyme immunoassay kunye nokuqinisekiswa okulandelayo kweziphumo ngendlela yokuzikhusela komzimba. Olu vavanyo olunzulu lwe-HIV luvumela ukufumana isifo ngokuphumelela kwe-99%.
Ukuthenjwa kwe-HIV
Isiphumo sovavanyo lwe-HIV lunokuba luxoki ngexesha "le window". Le ngcamango ibonisa ukuba ukuxilongwa kwe-serological (eyenziwa ukufumanisa i-antibodies) ezithile kwiiveki zokuqala emva kokusuleleka ku-HIV akukwazi ukufumanisa i-antibodies ye-HIV ngo-ELISA ngenxa yokungabikho kwabo okanye ukugxininisa. Kwakhona, ukunyaniseka kovavanyo lwe-HIV kungabuzwa kwaye kuyancitshiswa kuze kube yinkalo yokuxilongwa kwabantwana abazalelwe ngabaama-HIV. Olu hlobo lovavanyo lwentsholongwane kaGawulayo luya kulungiswa kangcono ngonyaka, okanye ngaphezulu.
Kwaye ukungahambi kakuhle kokuxilongwa kwe-serological kukuhlalutyo lobuxoki malunga ne-HIV, ngoko ke, ukuxilongwa ngokuchanekileyo ngokuchanekileyo, uvavanyo oluthile lufunekayo-IB.
Vavanyo lweHIV
Intsholongwane ye-immunodeficiency virus iyisifo esingenakuphilisa, ngoko ke ukuba unayo impawu, kufuneka uthathe uvavanyo oluvakalayo lwe-HIV. Olu hlobo lokuhlalutya luya kunceda:
- ukuseka into eyona ntsholongwane;
- ukugqiba isigaba sesi sifo;
- ukumisela unyango osebenzayo.
Ukuba uvavanyo lwe-HIV luncedo, umntu osulelekileyo uya kunyangwa, imisebenzi ephambili ekujoliswe kuyo ekunciphiseni isi sifo, ukuphucula ubomi nokuphucula umgangatho walo, nokugcina imeko efanelekileyo. Ukuba kukho imfuneko yiphina ibhubhoratri eqhuba izifundo ezifanayo, ukuhlolwa kwe-HIV engaziwayo kunokwenziwa.
Iintsholongwane zeNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO kwigazi zibonakala emva kweenyanga ezintathu emva kokusuleleka kuphela kwi-90-95% yentsholongwane, ngoko ke ukuba ngeli xesha uvavanyo lwe-HIV lubi, kufuneka uyiphinde kwiinyanga ezi-3-6 kwaye uphelise ngokupheleleyo ukhuseleko. Uvavanyo lwesibini lwe-HIV lufanele lwenziwe nangona umhla wokusuleleka kwintsholongwane engaphezu kweenyanga ezintathu ezedlule, njengoko iziphumo zokuxilongwa kwebhubhoratri zithathwa nje ngokuba kungabikho kwamagciwane anesifo se-HIV okwangoku ngexesha. Ukongezelela, kungekhona nje ixesha lokunyusa i-incubation lingabangela ukuhlolwa kobuxoki beNTSHOLONGWANE KAGAWULAYO, kodwa kunye nezifo ezibi, ukutsalwa komnatha we-bone okanye ukumpontshelwa.
Ukuthatha uvavanyo, ungadli ubuncinane ubuncinane iiyure eziyi-8, ngoko-ke ngaphambi kokuba uvavanyo lwe-HIV kusihlwa kungcono ukuba ungadli isidlo sakusihlwa kwaye kusasa kwisisu esingenalutho ukunikezela igazi kwi-vein. Kwiintsuku ezimbini nje kuphela uya kukwazi ukufumana iziphumo zesifundo. Uvavanyo lwe-HIV lunokuthathwa nasiphi isibhedlele.
Ukuchonga i-HIV
Ukunikezelwa kweemvavanyo ze-HIV kuphela isinyathelo sokuqala ekuqinisekiseni eso sifo. Ukuvavanya ubunzima besifo esiyidingayo ukufumana ingcinezelo yentsholongwane emzimbeni. Enye yezona ndlela zichanekileyo zokufumanisa ngokuthe ngqo ukusuleleka yi-PCR-polymerase chain reaction.
- Ukufunyanwa kwegciwane le-RNA / DNA kunokunciphisa ubude be "window window" malunga neentsuku ezili-11;
- ithuba lokubonakalisa i-HIV nangabantwana abazelwe oomama abanesifo;
- Iindleko eziphantsi zeemvavanyo ze-PCR.
Indlela ye-PCR yayiyisisombululo esona sisisombululo sokucacisa iziphumo ze-IB, into engathandabuzekiyo, kwaye ngekamva inokuthi ithathe indawo yendawo ebiza kakhulu.