I-Malignant iyisisu emzimbeni, ebeka ingozi ngokukhawuleza ebomini babantu. Ukugula kubonakala ngokubonakala kweeseli ezihlukana rhoqo, ezinokuchaphazela kakubi izicubu ezikufutshane. Ukongezelela, ngexesha, i-foci yesiqhelo iphinda ibonakale kwizithuba ezikude. Ekuqaleni, ukukhula kwesisu kuyinkqubo efihliweyo yendawo, kwaye ngoko ke abaninzi abantu abanakuze bakrokre ingxaki.
Iimpawu kunye neempawu zesifo esibi
Ngokuxhomekeka kwindawo yokulahla kukho iimpawu ezahlukileyo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, iimvakalelo ezibuhlungu zivela kuphela kwizigaba ezilandelayo. Kukho imiqondiso emininzi yobungqina bokuba isigulo emzimbeni:
- iimpawu zendawo (ukuqinisa phantsi kwesikhumba, ukuphuma, ukuvuvukala, i-jaundice);
- ngokubanzi (ukulahleka kwesisindo nokutya, ukudinwa kakhulu, i-hyperhidrosis, i-anemia);
- iimpawu ze-metastase (ukuvuvukala kwe-lymph nodes, ukukhwehlela, intlungu yesifuba, isibindi esandisiweyo).
Iintlobo kunye nezigaba zesifo esibuhlungu
Izifo ziyahlukahluka kuxhomekeke kwiiseli ezivela kuyo:
- I-Melanoma ivela kwi-melanocytes;
- I-carcinoma ivela kwiiseli zeethambo ezipithelial (zijongwa njengesifo esibi kakhulu);
- i-leukemia ivela ngenxa yesiphene kwintsipho yethambo;
- I-sarcoma yinto yokugula eyenza amathambo, izihlunu kunye nezicubu ezixhumeneyo;
- I-lymphoma ibonakala kwii-tiffue eziguqukayo;
- I-teratoma ivela kwiiseli zeembrusi;
- i-glioma kukukhula okuqhubekayo kwezicubu ze-glial;
- I-Choriocarcinoma ikhula ukusuka kwiiseli ezisezantsi.
Isigaba sesi sifo senziwa ngumcebisi, esekelwe kwiimviwo zokuqala zesigulane. Kukho ezine zazo, kwaye zichazwa ngamanani eRoma:
- I-i-tumor ayikho ngaphezu kwamangentimitha amabini, i-lymph node esondeleyo ihambelana;
- II - i-neoplasm ehambayo engaphezu kweesentimitha ezimbini, i-metastasis kwi-lymph nodes;
- III - i-tumor ayisebenzi, i-metastases ibonakala kwii-lymph nodes eziseduze;
- IV - nayiphi na ubukhulu be-neoplasm, izitho ezikufutshane zihlaselwa, i-foci yesibini ibonwa kwiindawo ezikude zomzimba.
Ukuxilongwa kwezicubu ezimbi
Ukuchonga ubukho besifo kunye nesigaba sayo, iindlela ezahlukeneyo zebhubhorathri kunye neendlela ezisetyenziswayo:
- vavanyo lwegazi;
- Iirejista kunye ne-fluoroscopy;
- MRI;
- laparoscopy;
- ikhompyutheni kunye nepositron ukuchithwa kwe-tomography;
- dermotoscopy;
- biopsy;
- thermography .
Unyango lweethambo ezimbi
Kukho iindlela ezininzi ezisisiseko zokujamelana nesifo:
- Uphulo lwe-radiation - umzimba uphawule kwintambo ehambelana nemitha, ekhokelela ekunciphiseni ukukhula kwe-neoplasm.
- I-Chemotherapy - ngoncedo lomntu ohlaselwa ngumntu unikwe izidakamizwa ezikhethekileyo ezinokuchaphazela i-DNA yeeseli zesisu, ukunciphisa ukukhula kwazo okanye ukuzibulala ngokupheleleyo.
- Immunotherapy - ukugonywa ngamalungiselelo e-interferon.
- Ingenelelo yokuphengulula - ukususwa kwesifo esibi, esona sihlandlo ezininzi sikhokelela ekubuyiseni.
- Hormonotherapy. Le ndlela isekelwe kwimpembelelo yamahomoni athile ekuphuhliseni i-neoplasm.
- I-Cryotherapy - isiphumo kwi-tumor ene-nitrogen. Ngenxa yoko, ngaphakathi kweeseli ezinobungozi kukho ukuphazamiseka kwemizimba. Ukongeza, iikristali zeqhwa zineempembelelo ezonakalisayo.
- Unyango lwePhotodynamic . Le ndlela isekelwe ekusetyenzisweni kwezinto ezisetyenzisiweyo eziqokelela ngokukhethekileyo kwizicubu ezinobungozi. Emva koko i-pathology irradiated ngokukhanya okukhethekileyo. Ngenxa yoko, inqwaba yama-radicals eyenziwa yonakalisa iiseli ze-atypical.