Umculo weenkulungwane ezedlulileyo awusasazwa iziteshi zomsakazo zanamhlanje, kodwa uhlala kwiincwadi zamandulo kunye neemyuziyamu. Ayisayi kudlalwa, kodwa abanye abantu basakhumbula izixhobo zomculo ezilibalekele yimpucuko.
Sonke siyazi indlela ipiyano, ipiyano, ixilongo, igitarari ye-violin kunye nokubukeka kwegubhu kunye nesandi. Kwaye njani "abagogo" kunye "nootata" babonakala bevakala? Asikwazi ukudlala izandi ze-orchestra yasendulo, kodwa siya kukuxelela malunga nezixhobo zomculo zomdala.
1. Lear
Kwaye naseGrisi lasendulo, izixhobo zomculo zadalwa ekugqibeleni zathola ukubonakala kweklasi kwaye zaba ngumgaqo wokudalwa kweentlobo zanamhlanje. ULira - isixhobo somculo esithandwa kakhulu ngexesha lophuhliso lwamaGrike aseMandulo. Ukukhankanywa kokuqala kwengoma kuhla ngo-1400g. BC. e. Esi sixhobo sisoloko sichazwa ngoApollo, njengoko i-lyre yokuqala yayinikwe nguHermes. Yaye yavakala, ihamba neengoma ezilungileyo. Namhlanje ayidlala kwi-lyre, kodwa igama elithi "lyric" lifihlile le sixhobo.
2. Cifara
Ukuqwalasela ngokufanelekileyo enye yezinto zokuqala zomculo kunye nomzukulwana othe ngqo we-lyre. Iimvumi ezine-cithara ezandleni zazo zaboniswa kwiingqekembe zamandulo, iifrescoes, i-clay amphoras kunye nemifanekiso. Esi sixhobo saziwa kakhulu ePersia, eIndiya naseRoma. Ngelishwa, akunakwenzeka ukuvelisa ngokuchanekileyo isandi se-cithara, kodwa ngenxa yenkcazo yombhalo yakha kwakhona.
3. ICitra
Isixhobo somculo esicacileyo esinomculo sasisetyenziswa kakhulu e-Austria naseJamani ngekhulu le-18. ERashiya, yabonakala kwisiqingatha sesibini seXIXX. Izixhobo ezifanayo zihlangene phakathi kwezizwe zaseChina naseMiddle East.
4. IHarpsichord
Isixhobo sokuhlabelela isixhobo somculo, esiye safumana ukuthandwa kakhulu kwi-Middle Ages. Ingcaciso yokuqala malunga nehapsichord ibuyela kwi-1511. Isixhobo esiyingqayizivele somsebenzi wase-Italy we-1521 saphila nanamhla. Ngaphandle, iirpiksi zaphuma ngokumnandi kakhulu. Umzimba wabo wawuhlotswe ngemidwebo, imizobo kunye nemifanekiso. Nangona kunjalo, ekupheleni kwekhulu le-18 i-harpsichord yatshintshwa yipiyano, yaxhaswa kwaye yaxelwa ngokupheleleyo kwikhulu le-19.
5. I-Clavecord
Enye yeempahla zomculo zokudumala ezikudala. Ngaphandle kwakufana ne-harpsichord, kodwa yayinomsindo onamandla ngakumbi. UClavicord, owadalwa ngowe-1543, namhlanje usemyuziyam yezixhobo zomculo kwisixeko saseLeipzig eJamani. Abaqambi abakhulu kunazo zonke uJohn Sebastian Bach, uWolfgang Amadeus Mozart noLudwig van Beethoven benza imisebenzi emininzi ebhaliweyo i-clavichord.
6. Harmonium
Esi sixhobo somsindo wesixhobo sebhodi yebhobhobhodi sasithandwa kakhulu ekupheleni kwekhulu le-XIX. Ubomi bemihla ngemihla wayebizwa ngokuba "ilungu". Umdali we-harmonium ngumFrentshi ogama linguDebben, owathola ilungelo lobunikazi lokwenza isixhobo ngo-1840. Namhlanje i-harmonium ibonakala kuphela kumyuziyam.
7. I-Bilo
Isixhobo somculo waseSlavic wasendulo. Yenziwe ngentsimbi, eyayibetha nge-mallet. I-Bilo nayo yakhonza njengentsimbi yecawa kunye nesimboli somqondiso kwi-Old Believers.
8. I-buzzer
Isixhobo esona sikhulu seRussia ye-Middle Ages. Ngaphandle kwakufana kakhulu ne-violin kwaye yayithathwa njengomboniso wayo weSlavic. Uphondo uphando lwesixhobo somthi esinefom eboyiweyo kunye neetambo ezintathu.
9. Ivili levili
Isixhobo somculo wekhibhodi sibonakala kwi-Yurophu Ephakathi kwikhulu le-11 le-11. Ekuqaleni, ngokudlala kwi-lira yesondo, kwakufuneka abantu ababini, kuba izitshixo zazingaphezulu. Omnye waphonsa ipeni, kwaye yesibini yadlala ingoma. Kamva izitshixo zafakwa phantsi. E-Rashiya, i-lyre yokuqala ye-wheeled yabonakala kwikhulu le-XVII. Abantu abadlala le sixhobo benza iivesi zomoya kunye nemifanekiso yeBhayibhile.
10. Kobza
Isixhobo somculo esixubileyo sase-Ukraine. Kukholelwa ukuba i-kobza yaziswa e-Ukraine ngeentlanga zesiTurkey, kodwa yafumana ifom yokugqibela kula mazwe. Umfanekiso womdlali we-kobza, ohamba neengoma zakhe iingcamango ngokudlala kwi-kobza, engafihla emsebenzini wakhe uT.Shevchenko. I-Kobza yayiyithuluzi elithandayo kwi-Cossacks yaseUkraine kunye nabantu basekuhlaleni, kodwa emva kwe-1850 yatshintshwa yi-bandura.
11. IiRinetics
Isibetha semvula sisisigxina somculo sasendulo esidlulileyo esasetyenziswa ngabahlaziyi baseMzantsi naseNyakatho Melika ukulawula izixhobo zemvula. Wenza ngokugqibeleleyo isandi samanzi okanye imvula ewa. Ngaphambili kwakunezixhobo zecawa kwimikhosi yasendulo yama-Aborigines asekuhlaleni. Namhlanje, i-rheinist yenza njengewadi yezindlu ukusuka emona nomsindo.
12. Calimba
Isixhobo somculo esidala sakwa-Afrika. Namhlanje, kwezinye iindawo zaseMntla naseMzantsi Afrika, zisetyenziselwa kwiziko zemveli. I-Kalimbu ibizwa ngokuthi "i-pianoforte yase-Afrika ngesandla".
13. Inyoka
Esi sixhobo saziwa kwiXVI leminyaka. nangaphantsi kwegama elinye - i-zinc, "umkhulu-omkhulu" wezinto zomculo. Yayenziwe ngumFrentshi uEdm Guillaume. Inyoka iyinqabunga ephothiweyo ekhangeleka kakhulu njengenyoka. Benza isixhobo esivela emthini okanye esithambo, esisibophe ngesiseko ngesikhumba. Ngamanye amaxesha intsalela yenyoka yenziwa ngendlela yentloko.
14. I-Orchestra yePhondo
Ngomnyaka we-1752, iSt. Petersburg yasungula isixhobo sokutshintsha indawo ye-orchestra epheleleyo, eyayiquka iimpondo zokuzingela ezingama-40-80, ngasinye sazo sasiqwalaselwa ngokucokisekileyo kwaye sisetyenziswe kwisandi sazo. Kucacile ukuba ukulinganisa oku kuthethwa ngolu hlobo: uphondo olukhulu lube luphantsi, kwaye uphondo oluncinci lwalukhupha amanqaku aphezulu.
15. Ionica
Kuze kube kutshanje, esi sixhobo somculo sasiyinxalenye ebalulekileyo yoluphi uhlobo lwezandi. Ionika liphawu lokurhweba kwezixhobo zomculo zekhompyutha ezikhutshwe kwi-GDR ngo-1959. KwiSoviet Union, igama elithi "ionics" lisetyenziswe ngokubhekiselele kuzo zonke izixhobo zekhibhodi ezincinci. Ngokuhamba kwexesha, kwafakwa indawo yabasemagqabini, ababenokuthembeka ngakumbi.