Reef Ningaloo


Ulwandle lwaseIndiya phakathi kwabemi abaninzi banxulumene ngokusondeleyo kunye neziqithi zesundu, olunxwemeni olushushu lwaseAfrika kunye ne-mpuma ye-Asia. Kodwa musa ukulibala malunga nelizwekazi elinomdla njenge- Australia , inxalenye yalo ibuye ihlanjwe ngamanzi afudumele. Kukho iindawo ezininzi zokuhlala, iindawo ezinxweme ezizinzileyo kunye neziqheno zemvelo. Sincoma ukuba siqhelane nomkhombe omuhle weN Ningal.

Igama elimnandi elithi Ningalu lingumlambo omkhulu we-coral, ohlala ecaleni lentshona-ntshonalanga ye-Australia e-Indian Ocean kufuphi ne-Exmouth Bay. Umgama werhox kwisixeko esikufuphi sasePerth malunga neekhilomitha eziyi-1200. I-Ningalu icingelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba yiyona nxweme enkulu kunxweme yase-Australia kunye nomlambo omkhulu kunxweme: ubude bayo malunga neekhilomitha eziyi-260-300. Umlambo ngokwawo ujikeleza kwaye ululale kufuphi neNorth-West Cape Peninsula kude kumitha eyi-100 ukuya kwiikhilomitha ezili-7.

Yintoni enomdla malunga ne-Ningaloo Reef?

Igama le-reef - i-Ningaloo - iguqulelwe ukusuka kulwimi lwabahlali basekhaya njenge "cape", kukholelwa ukuba i-reef yenzelwe iminyaka engaphezu kweyure leminyaka, kuba ngokweengcali zezinto zakudala zaseAustralia zihlala ubuncinane iminyaka engama-30. Ukususela ngo-1987, i-reef kunye namanzi alo azungezile iye yaziwa njengepaki kazwelonke yase-Australia. Abasemagunyeni belizwe bathetha ukuba ukulondolozwa kweentlobo ze-shark whale, eziqokelelwa rhoqo kule ndawo ukuya kwi-3-5 yamakhulu, izifundo zazo, kunye nokuqwalaselwa kwendalo yonke ye-karst kunye namagquma ayo kunye namanxiwa kwinqanaba elibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhlisweni kwezokhenketho.

Ukususela ngo-2011, indawo yonke yolondolozo yepaki ibandakanywe kwiLifa leMveli le-UNESCO. Inxweme yonxweme ye-Ningalu yonxweme ingaxhomekeke ngokucacileyo kwisakhiwo seNorth West Cape Peninsula, apho iCape Range National Park ikhona khona. Inyaniso kukuba i-peninsula yenziwa ngenxa yamathambo asezilwanyana zasendulo ahlambuluke ngamanzi omlambo, ahlala apha izigidi zeminyaka edlulileyo. Esi siseko senze imibala eyahlukeneyo yombala kwilizwe: ipinki, i-orange, ibomvu nabanye. Emanzini asekuhlaleni, emacaleni emifuma kunye namanzi angaphantsi kwamanzi anama-75 eentlobo ezahlukeneyo zezilwanyana ezingaphantsi kwamanzi.

Imozulu nesimo sezulu se-Ningalu reef

Ihlobo le-southern hemisphere kwiNxweme ye-Ningalu liqala ukususela ngoDisemba ukuya kuFebhuwari, kwaye ubusika ukususela ngoJuni ukuya ku-Agasti. Ngaloo ndlela, izinga lokushisa ehlobo liphuma kwi-21-38 degrees Celsius, ngelixa ubusika busika luvela kwi-12 ukuya kwi-25 degrees. Imvula yamanzi yonyaka i-200-300 millimeters, eyenza isimo sezulu sendawo sitshintshe, nangona ukuba ukubunjwa kwemvula yendawo kuncike kakhulu ekukhuphukeni kwamanzi, ukuhlaselwa kunye namaqhwithi.

Ngendlela, iibhokongo kule ndawo zingenanto. Badlula kanye emva kweminyaka emi-3-5, beza kunye nemvula eninzi, echaphazela kakhulu ukukhula kweentyantyambo kunye nezityalo, kunye ne-hydration kunye nokunikezelwa kwamanzi kwendawo yokumangcwaba.

Iiflora kunye nezilwanyana

I-flora ejikeleze umkhombe we-Ningalu ihluke kakhulu: kukho i-taxa kuphela ye-630 yezityalo ze-vascular. Zonke ezinye iiflethi zonxweme zixhomekeke kuhlobo lomhlaba kunye nomhlaba-ikakhulukazi izihlahla, i-eucalyptus, i-acacia kunye nemikhoro. Iintlobo ezili-18 zezityalo zikhula kuphela kule nxweme, kwaye isityalo esinjengeVerticordia forrestii siphelele kwiShark Bay esiseduze.

Umthombo we-Ningalu phakathi kwezinto zendalo ziyaziwa ngokubanzi ngabantu abasebenzisa i-whale sharks, kodwa ucebile kakhulu kwii-corals ezahlukeneyo kunye nolunye uselwandle. Umzekelo, ngexesha lebusika kule ndawo yamanzi siyaphuma ngokufuduka kweemvula zempuphu endleleni eya e-Antarctica-oku kuyimangalisa. Ehlabathini lomhlaba, kukho iintlobo ezikhulayo nezikhulayo ezifana ne-manta, i-dugong kunye namahlengethwa, kwaye kukho iindidi ze-sharks ezingama-19 ngaphandle kwe-whale. Amanzi angancinci e-reef ithathwa njengento ebalulekileyo yokuzalisa iintlobo ezintandathu zeentlanzi zasolwandle kunye nezinye iinyoka zeentlanzi ezinobuthi.

Iingcali zezilwanyana zibala malunga neentlobo ezingama-738 zeentlanzi ezitshatyalaliswayo kunye nombala ongaqhelekanga kunye ocacileyo, iindidi ezingama-300 ze-coral, iintlobo ezingama-600 zama-invertebrates kunye nama-crustaceans kunye neentlobo ezi-1 000 zezityalo zaselwandle. Kwaye kwiindawo ezinzulu ze-reef zihlala zithule izilwanyana ezingama-25 ze-echinoderms kunye neentlobo ze-sponges eziyi-155, kungekho ezimbalwa. Ukususela ngo-2006, uhlobo olutsha lweepongwane luye lwafunyanwa emanzini azinzulu, ukususela ngoko bekuye kwabonwa kwaye yafundiswa.

Iziganeko zengxangxube yexesha elizayo laseNangaloo

Ngaphandle kokukhuselwa kunye nokunika intsimi yendawo yokuloba isimo sePaki kaZwelonke, impikiswano kunye nokuzama ukutshintsha ikhondo likaRhulumente wase-Australia ukwenzela ukudala indawo yendawo yokutyelela kule ndawo ayikupheli. Zonke iiprojekthi zokwakhiwa nophuhliso lwentengiso yonxweme ziye zaqhwala namhlanje, kodwa ke izigidi ezingama-180 000 zivakashela ipaki ngonyaka.

Kunokuthiwa ukuba amanani karhulumente kunye nabalobi base-Australia kunye ne-Oceania benza igalelo elikhulu ekulondolozeni isimo semvelo se-Ningalu, esingavumeli ukuba le nto ihambe emthunzini. Omnye umntu onjalo - uTim Winon - wanikela ngeedola ezingama-25 zase-Australia kwiinkampani zokulondolozwa nokufunda ngendawo. Kwaye njengokuba uyazi, ngokuqhelekileyo kuphela izipho zabantu abaqaphelayo kwaye zigcina iipaki ezininzi kwaye zikhusele izinto eziphilayo kwihlabathi.

Ndingafika njani?

Ukufika kwindawo yamanzi yomlambo ilula kakhulu: ukusuka nasiphi na isixeko esikhulu e-Australia okanye kwisixeko sasePerth, kufuneka ubalekele edolophini yaseLirmont, kwaye ukusuka apho ukuya kwelinye idolophu encinci - i-Exmus, eyona "yokungena" e-Ningal, uya kugqiba ngebhasi. Ixesha elona linomdla kakhulu lokutyelela ipaki ukususela ngo-Ephreli ukuya kuJulayi ngamathuba okubona i-humpback whale. Khawukhumbule ukuba akuvumelekanga ukuba achukumise nayiphi na ummeli weflora kunye nezilwanyana.