Ukuziphatha ngokugqithisileyo kwithuba elisusela kwisiLatini elithi delictum, elithetha ngokuguqulela lithetha "ukungahambisani". Oku kuchaza intsingiselo yombono: oku kuziphatha kubonakaliswa ngumntu ongekho mthethweni, isikhokelo esingekho mthethweni, esibonakalayo kwizenzo okanye ngokungahambi kakuhle kwaye ngokukhawuleza kuphazamisa abantu kunye noluntu. Ukuziphatha okugqithisileyo zobuntu yinto eqhubekayo izwakala kwiindidi zabameli be-pedagogy, i-criminology, i-sociology, ingqondo yengqondo kunye namanye amasebe.
Iintlobo zokuziphatha kakubi
Uluhlu olunjalo olunobungozi lubandakanya iintlobo ezahlukeneyo zamatyala, ngokuqhelekileyo zendalo yolawulo. Njengemizekelo
- oku kubonakaliswa oku kulandelayo:
- ukuphulwa kwemithetho yendlela,
- ulwaphulo oluncinci, olunjengolwimi olungcolileyo, ukusetyenziswa kakubi kwehlazo, ukuhlukunyezwa kwabemi,
- Ukusela kotywala kotywala kwiindawo ezinqatshelwe, umzekelo kwimidlalo, ezitratweni, ezindlebeni zikawonkewonke nakwiipaki, kwizithuthi zikawonkewonke, njl.;
- ukubonakala kwiindawo zoluntu kwindawo yokuxilisa, ekhubaza isithunzi somntu kunye nokuziphatha komphakathi;
- ukuzisa kwimeko yokuxhatshazwa ngumntwana;
- ubuhenyu;
- ukuhanjiswa kwezinto zoononografi, njl
Iintlobo zendlela yokuziphatha ngokugqithisileyo ziyahlukahluka. Ngokomzekelo, ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho lugwenxa ngokungekho mthethweni ukufezekisa umsebenzi njengomqeshwa, okubandakanya ukungabikho emsebenzini, ukubonakala kumsebenzi kwindawo yokuxhatshazwa, ukuphulwa kwemithetho yokukhusela abasebenzi, njl njl. Oku mhlawumbi ubonakaliso obunobungqina obungabonakali bokuziphatha kakubi.
Ukuziphatha okugqithisileyo kwindlela eyingozi kakhulu kulwaphulo-mthetho. Ezi zibandakanya ukweba nokubulala, ukudlwengula, ukweba imoto nokutshabalalisa, ugqirha, ukukhwabanisa, ukuthengiswa kweziyobisi kunye nokunye okuninzi.
Izizathu zokuziphatha kakubi
Ngokuqhelekileyo kwenzeka ukuba imimiselo yokwenziwa kobugqwetha ijikeleze umntu ukususela ebuntwaneni, okukhokelela ekuvelweni kokuziphatha okungalunganga. Phakathi kwezi zizathu zilandelayo:
- umzali ongayinaki imfuno yomntwana yokunyamekela ngothando kunye nomsa;
- Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwesigwebo somntu kwintsapho;
- impembelelo enganeleyo kayise, xa kwenzeka ukuba ahambe okanye afe;
- ukuxhatshazwa kwabantwana (ubundlobongela, ukugula, umtshato, ukufa komzali) nokulungiswa kuyo;
- mvume;
- iimfuno zabazali abanganeleyo;
- ukuvuselela ngokugqithisayo komntwana;
- Kwinqanaba labazali, ukungahambisani neemfuno ezikhokelela ekungaqondeni imigaqo yokuziphatha;
- utshintsho lwabazali;
- rhoqo, iingxabano eziphakathi kwabazali (imeko eyingozi kakhulu xa uyise okhohlakeleyo ebetha unina);
- Iimpawu ezingathandekiyo zabazali - uyise ongqongqo ngokungenasidingo kunye nomama onomusa ongafunekiyo.
I-psychology yokuziphatha kakubi kuthobela umgaqo-nkqubo wokuthi
Kubalulekile ukwakha indawo echanekileyo, ehambelana nomntwana apho indawo evumelekileyo iboniswa ngokucacileyo, kuba le ndlela inika iziphumo ezilungileyo kwaye iyona nto inqandekileyo yokuthintela.
Njengomthetho, ukulungiswa kokuziphatha okugqithisileyo kwenzeka kamva, xa umntwana okhulile eneengxaki ngomthetho, kwaye oku kwenziwa ngokuthe ngqo kumacandelo karhulumente afanelekileyo.