Unkulunkulukazi waseSlavickazi uMarna okanye uMara - ukubonakaliswa kweNkantsha nokuFa, inkosikazi yobusuku, wayesaba waza wacela inceba. Kodwa akubona bonke abafileyo bathatyathwa kunye nalo mkhosi womphefumlo, kodwa kuphela abo babefanelekele ngonaphakade kwihlabathi likaSlavi. Ookhokho bethu babancoma uMarna kabini ngonyaka, badibanisa negama lamademesi amakhulu angamahedeni eKupala naseDazhdbog, kwaye kwakukho izizathu.
IMarna - Mythology
Ingqungquthela kaMarna yasuka kwiimbali ze-Aryan zamandulo, ukusuka apho zadlula khona kwiimbali zaseJamani, eScandinavian naseCelt. Ubizwa ngokuba yintombi yoothixo bobuhedeni uSvarog noLada, udadewabo kaZhiva noLely. Ngokutsho kweenkolelo zesikhathi eside, unkulunkulukazi wama-Marena unezihloko eziliqela:
- inkosikazi yaseBusika;
- inkosikazi yobusuku;
- umgcini wobomi obungunaphakade;
- ukulandelwa kwexesha elizayo;
- Lady of Death.
Igama lakhe lifana negama elithi "mor", elidibene nokufa, kodwa kukho imfundiso yokuba lo mthikazi akazange aphazamise ubomi bomntu, kodwa wamzisa emhlabeni ngonaphakade, wabonisa umphefumlo wakhe indlela yokuhamba: ekukhanyeni kukaNavi okanye uSlavi, ukuba ufanelekile. Okhokho bethu bakholelwa: umphefumlo ongenamhlanjesi nococekileyo kaMarna - unkulunkulukazi weSlavs uhlukanisa kwihlabathi elimsulwa kwaye uthumela kubantu abanjalo umhlambi wezinto ezimbi kunye neentlekele, ngoko ke babemele le ntombi ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo:
- amabhinqa aphezulu, kwiingubo ezimnyama;
- umdala omdala onobuhlungu obuninzi;
- Intombazana enhle kwimifuno emhlophe.
Usuku lukaThixokazikazi uMarna
Okhokho bakholelwa ukuba uMarna wayenezinto ezimbini:
- kwiqonga leqhwa emazweni asentla;
- ngaphaya komlambo iSmarodina, ohlukanisa ihlabathi likaYavi noNavi.
Ngoko ke, uMariya wayeneholide e-2 ngonyaka:
- Iholide yokuqala ye-Marena yayibhiyozelwa entwasahlobo, ngoMatshi 1, kwaye yayibizwa ngokuba nguNaviy Den okanye iVjunitsy. UNavi wabiza imiphefumlo yabafileyo, umxholo wale mthendeleko kukubhiyozela uvuko lwabafileyo, ukuhlonela imimoya yokhokho kunye noMdade wabo uxolo lukaMariya. Abahedeni bangcwaba abafileyo babo emangcwabeni, bamenza amasiko - ukutya kunye neminikelo yokunxiliswa, ukuze ookhokho babo baphile ngokucebile kwelinye ihlabathi.
- Iholide yesibini yawela ekuwa-ngoNovemba 25, xa onke amaxhoba athethwe kuphela kuMarna, ongena ngamalungelo akhe. Ukuze zikhusele kuwo, abantu namhlanje baya emanzini kwaye bacima iimpukane ezivuthayo kwiimvula. Oku, njengokuba kunjalo, wabonisa unkulunkulukazi onamandla kakhulu amandla akhe ngoncedo lomlilo.
Uphawu lweMarna kwiSlav
Uphawu olugqwesileyo kakhulu lweMarna yidonki yodada, eyayingqonge imicimbi ekhethekileyo ngexesha lomthendeleko wentwasahlobo yesithixokazi, xa unkulunkulukazi wezityalo zaseYurophu wabonwa kwizinto ezisenyakatho. Ukujikeleza le mibhobho yedonsa yenziwa, kwaye baqhuba umkhosi wokutshisa, ukutshabalalisa ngokubandayo kunye namaqabunga ngenxa yomhlaba wabo. Uthungo lwasasazeka kwintsimi, ngokokuba kwakukho isivuno esinobutyebi kunye nomnyaka omhle.
Abaphandi baqamba amanqaku angama-2 angama-Marena abo
- Umlambo wamanzi aqhotyoshelweyo "amanzi kaMariya", owenza umntu onqabile ngexesha eliphumayo.
- Uphawu lobusika - ii-triangles ezi-2, ezibizwa ngokuthi "iMara-Viy", ootata babonwa njengengozi kwaye yingozi.
Velez kunye noMarna
Amagama oothixo bobuhedeni uVeles noMariya bahlanganisana nezinto zabo kuphela. I-Veles yayithathwa njengomlawuli wehlabathi labafileyo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, amaSlav aqala ukumbona njengongqongqo wezolimo, kuba ookhokho ababebekwe emhlabeni baye baba ngabalimi abavunyileyo. Wayekunqulekwa yiSlavs njengonkulunkulukazi wehlabathi labafileyo, kodwa wamkela nje ngabantu abaqinileyo, waza wavuza amaqhawe awafa ngenxa yothando olungenakufa waza wahamba nawo e-Irius.
Marena noDazhdbog
I-Dazhdbog Slavs zahlonishwa njengonkulunkulu wobulumko obukhulu kunye nokuchuma, kwaye uMarna, unkulunkulukazi we-Winter kunye nokuFa, waqanjwa ngamagama ngomfazi wakhe. Kwezinye iimbongo ubizwa ngokuba ngumfazi woothixo bokufa okubi kweKashchei. Iinguqu ezingu-2 zigcinwe:
- UMara watshata noDazhbog, kodwa emva komtshato wathatyathwa nguKashchei.
- Umtshato wenziwa, kodwa umfazi osemtsha wabaleka ngokukhawuleza emva komkhosi, kuba wayemthanda uKashchei. Yaye yalahleka nguDazhbog, yesaba ingqumbo kaPerun.
Ngaphambi kokuqala kwimozulu ebanda, abahedeni babhiyozela umtshato kaDazhdbog noMary ngeemfundiso ezikhethekileyo. Ukususela kwintlobo bazenza iipiliti, izibini ezitshatileyo zazitshulwa nazo ngomlilo. Emva koko iipiliti zaziswa ekhaya, zigcinwe, zigcinwe, njengeziphoso ezigulo nokufa. Ekufuphi komlilo, ietafile zafakwa, apho iintsapho ezilwa nezo zinto zafuneka zenze uxolo, ekubeni uMarna noDazhdbog babecingwa njengabasebenzi beentlanga.
Marena noPapalo
U-Ivan Kupala uSlavs uhlonishwa njengonkulunkulu wezithelo zasemhlabeni, eli liholide kuphela yamahedeni eye yasinda kwiintsuku zethu. Abantu abaselula banelisekile ngemikhosi, amantombazana agqiba iingubo zokuvumela amanzi aze afumene i-destiny yabo. Ngozuko lwe-Kupala, amasebe emithi ahlotshiswe ngeentyantyambo, kunye ne-straig effigy kaMariya ibekwe eceleni kwabo. Ebusuku, itshiswe, ukuze zonke iibanda kunye nezifo zihambe ngomlilo, ngokuba unkulunkulukazi waseSlavickazi uMarna wayebhekwa njengobunzima bokubanda kunye nokufa.
Imibhangqwana ekhutshelweyo iyanqumla phezu komlilo ukuze ihlambulule emaqabini. Ukutshisa kweMarna kwakuyisithethe esikhethekileyo, esasihamba kunye neengcambu ezikhethekileyo zobomi obuzayo. Kweminye imimandla, isiko lokumisa uMariya, njengento yokufa kunye nesifo, yagcinwa, kuba amanzi ayebhekwa njengamandla anikezela ubomi ahlambulula izono ezininzi.