Ekwahlukileyo kwihlabathi, amaYuda ayehlala ehlangene nokutshutshiswa nokubulawa kwabantu. Ngamanye amaxesha urhulumente wamazwe apho abathunjiweyo bahlala khona, kwaze kwaba nokwenziwa kobuhlanga obubambene namaYuda, ukudweba abantu abangenakudinga ngokupheleleyo. Abantu abangenalungelo lokuphela babesele babalekele ngasese befuna ukufumana isiphephelo esitsha xa kuthe kwenzeka iindlebe malunga nokubulawa kwegazi. Kodwa beshiya zonke iipropati zabo, iintsapho ezinabantwana abaninzi abanakuze babalekele ukuxoshwa. Yingakho iimeko zokusindiswa okungenangqiqo kwabantu bamaYuda ezivela kwi-pogroms ezigqithisiweyo kunye neembali kunye neziganeko ezikhethekileyo zenziwa ngokubaluleka kweziganeko. Iholide yamaYuda yePurim inokuthi ithathwa ngokuba yinani labo, ngenxa yokuba imbali yayo isekelwe kwinyaniso eyinyaniso yokhuseleko lwabantu abangamaYuda base-Persia baseburhulumenteni abakhohlakeleyo kwiintshaba zabantwana bakwaSirayeli.
Imbali yeeholide yamaYuda yasePurim
Ubukhosi basePersi kwezo zihlandlo ezide (486-465 BC) babulawula uArtashashta onobukrakra nowaphanga. Ngokumalunga nobubi obungenakuthenjiswa kwale nkosi yasePersi ithi inyaniso yokubulawa komfazi wakhe wokuqala, owazama ukumelana nomnqweno wendoda yakhe ukudansa phambi kweenkampani eziphosiweyo zeendwendwe eziphezulu. Ngendlela, isiluleko esinenkohlakalo sinikezelwa kumlawuli ngumcebisi u-Aman, oza kuba ngumntu oyintloko kwiimbali zethu.
Ukudabuka kwakungekho kwimithetho ka-Artaxerxeshe, kwaye ngokukhawuleza wagqiba ekubeni athole umtsha omncinci, enyanzele ukuzisa kwibhotwe ubuhle obuhle bolawulo. Xa ekhetha u-hostess omtsha, wayethandwa kakhulu nguEstere. Ngaphandle kokubuza malunga nemvelaphi yalo mfazi onomdla, u-Artaxerxes wazisa ngokukhawuleza umtshato. Ngaloo ndlela ke kwacaca ukuba u-Esteri ungumzala owaziwa kuwo wonke umYuda uMordekayi, owamsindisa umlawuli kwiqhinga eliyiminyaka embalwa edlulileyo. Kodwa okokuqala malunga neengcambu zamaYuda, umfazi omtsha wagqiba ukuhlala ethule kwaye wagcina yonke into eyimfihlo, kude kube lula u-Aman ukwakha izibilini ezintsha.
UMordekayi wayedume ngokuzinikela kwakhe nokunyaniseka, kodwa wavuma ukuwa emadolweni phambi komfundisi onamandla onke. U-Haman ongenamsebenzi wamthukuthela, waza wagqiba ukugweba bonke abantu abangamaYuda njengesijeziso. Ngendlela, umsindo kumaYuda kule ndoda yachazwa ngokuvela kwakhe. Ookhokho bomcebisi babengama-Amalekite angabandlululo abahlala behlala kwinqanaba loonyana bakaSirayeli. Ukuxhomekeka kwintando yabemi bobuhedeni, wenza inkatho kwaye wayibeka umhla wokubulawa kwabantu - umhla we-15 wenyanga ka-Adar. Ukuba ngaphambili wayengazi ukuba liphi igama leholide yePurim, kufuneka ufune iingcambu zegama kwiilwimi zakudala zesiPersi. Ivela kwigama elithi "purity", eliguqulelwe njengamaqashiso.
Umlamli kuphela wabantu bamaYuda kuphela owayenomhle uEstere. Wachitha iintsuku ezintathu kunye namanye amaYuda abambelele ngokukhawuleza, wangena emagumbini aseArtaxerxes enobuhlungu. Owesifazane oqhenqa wamsela waza wondla umyeni wakhe, waza wamcwangcisa kakhulu kangangokuthi wathembisa ukuzalisekisa nayiphi na i-whims yomfazi wakhe. Ibali lomfazi malunga neengcambu zomcebisi oyintloko liholele umbusi onamandla onke. UHamani owayenobuncwane wabulawa, kwaye amaYuda avunyelwa ukuba ahlasele kwaye awalondoloze, okwakubangela ukutshatyalaliswa kwezihlobo zalowo owayengumfundisi kunye namawaka amaninzi eengxube zakhe. Ukususela ngoko, amaYuda aye ahlala ebambelele kakhulu kwiholide yasePurimi kwaye wayedla ngokugubha.
Iholide e-Purim ijongwa njani ngoku?
Abaninzi banenkinga yokugqiba ukuba zingaphi iintsuku iholide yePurim iya kubhiyozelwa kulo nyaka okanye ngaloo nyaka. Imibhiyozo isoloko iwela ngomhla we-14 no-15, owela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari okanye ekuqaleni kukaMatshi. Ukutshintsha kwemihla kubangelwa ukuba umnyaka wenyanga ungaphantsi komnyaka welanga iminyaka elishumi. Ngoko ke, umzekelo, ukuba ngo-2016 iPurim yayigubha ngoMatshi 23-24, ngoko ngo-2017 le holide iya kuba
Kukho nto into ekuthethwa ngayo kwiTorah yePurim, ngoko ke kunokwenzeka ukuba usebenze kulolu suku, kodwa alufunanga. Kwiintlanganiso zesikhungu emthendelekweni bafunda ngokuqinileyo imiqulu kaEstere malunga neziganeko zasendulo ngokuhlwa kunye nentsasa yosuku olulandelayo. Igama le-villaan u-Aman lixhalabisa kakhulu ngabaphulaphuli kwaye lizama ukugxotha izandi zengxube. Emva koko kuqhutywe ukuqhutyelwa kwezidlova, abantu basela iwayini kwaye banike iilekese eziqhelekileyo, amaYuda atyebi awanikela amahlwempu. Izitya zendabuko ziholide zePurim patties zesimo se- triangular kunye nokuzaliswa kwepoppy, i-nut kunye nezithelo ezomileyo . Ngendlela, ezi iilekese ezimnandi zibizwa ngokuthi "iindlebe zikaHaman".