Ubomi babantu busekelwe kwimithetho ethile yokuziphatha eyanceda ukuqonda okulungileyo nokubi. Abantu abaninzi abazi ukuba yintoni abantu kwaye yintoni imigaqo ebekelwe imali kule ngcamango, nangona ibaluleke kakhulu ekuphuhliseni uluntu.
Yintoni umntu kunye nobuntu?
Le ngcamango ivela kwiLiatini igama, eliguqulela ngokuthi "luthando". Umntu ngumntu ohlula ixabiso lomntu. Injongo kukubona ilungelo lomntu kwinkululeko, uphuhliso, uthando, ulonwabo njalonjalo. Ukongezelela, oku kubandakanya ukukhanyela ukubonakaliswa kwanaluphina ubundlobongela kwizinto eziphilayo. Ingcamango yoluntu ibonisa ukuba isiseko sehlabathi siyakwazi ukuba umntu abe novelwano kwaye ancede abanye. Kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba ukubonakaliswa kobuntu akufanele kuhambelane neemfuno zomntu ngamnye.
Humanism kwi Philosophy
Le ngcamango isetyenziswe kwimiba eyahlukeneyo, kuquka ifilosofi, apho imelwe khona, njengendawo yokujonga abantu ngaphandle kwemida. Kukho impawu ezininzi ezikunceda ukuqonda intsingiselo yobuntu:
- Kulowo nalowo mntu, abanye abantu kufuneka babe yixabiso eliphezulu, kwaye kufuneka baqale phambili phambi kokuphathekayo, okomoya, ezentlalo kunye neentsikelelo zendalo.
- Kwifilosofi, ubuntuntu bubume obuchaza ukuba umntu uyabaluleka kwaye ngokwalo kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni imeko yoluntu , isini, ubuzwe kunye nokunye ukungafani.
- Enye yezimfundiso zobuntu ithi xa ucinga kakuhle ngabantu, ngokuqinisekileyo baya kuba ngcono.
Ubuntu kunye noBuntu - Umehluko
Abaninzi bavame ukudibanisa ezi ngcamango, kodwa eqinisweni, banezinto eziqhelekileyo nezichasayo. Ubuntu kunye nobuntu ziingcamango ezimbini ezingabonakaliyo ezibonisa ukukhuselwa kwamalungelo ngamnye kwinkululeko nolonwabo. Ngokuphathelele uluntu, luphawu oluthile lomntu obonakalisa isimo sengqondo esihle kwabanye abantu. Yakhiwe njengesiphumo sokuqonda nokuzinzileyo kokulungileyo nokubi. Ubuntu kunye nobuntu bunengqiqo enxulumene, kuba okokuqala kwakhiwa ngokuxelisa imigaqo yale nkqubo yokugqibela.
Izimpawu zoBuntu
Eyaziwayo zizinto eziphambili zobuntu, ezibonisa ngokucacileyo le ngcamango:
- Ukuzimela . Iingcamango zobuntu azikwazi ukwahlula kwiindawo zonqulo, zembali okanye ezengqiqo. Inqanaba lokuphuhliswa kwehlabathi lixhomekeke ngokunyaniseka, ukunyaniseka, ukunyamezela kunye nezinye iimpawu.
- Okubalulekileyo . Iimpawu zokubaluleka kwabantu zibalulekile kwizakhiwo zoluntu kwaye zizinto eziphambili.
- Ukungafani . Ifilosofi yobuntu kunye neengcamango zayo ziyasebenza kubo bonke abantu kunye nayiphi na inkqubo. Kwimbonakalo yehlabathi ekhoyo, umntu unokuya ngaphaya, njengoko wonke umntu unelungelo lobomi, uthando kunye nezinye iimpawu.
Ixabiso elibalulekileyo lobuntu
Intsingiselo yobomi buntu ithetha ukuba kuwo wonke umntu unako ukuphuhliswa okanye sele sele isele isintu, apho ukubunjwa nokuphuhliswa kwemvakalelo yokuziphatha kunye nokucinga kwenzeka. Akunakwenzeka ukuba ungabandakanyi impembelelo yendalo, abanye abantu kunye nemiba eyahlukeneyo, kodwa kuphela ngumntu kuphela ophetheyo kunye nomdali wenyaniso. Iimpawu zentlupheko zisekelwe kwintlonelo, inzondelelo kunye nesazela.
Ubuntu - Iintlobo
Kukho izigaba ezininzi zabantu, ezihlukileyo kwiimfuno zokukhetha. Ukuba sigxininisa kwimvelaphi yomlando kunye nomxholo, sinokuhlukanisa iintlobo ezithoba zabantu: ifilosofi, i-communist, inkcubeko, isayensi, inkolo, inkokheli, i-slave, i-feudal, yemvelo, yendalo kunye nenkululeko. Kufanelekile ukuba sicinge ukuba luhlobo luni lobuntwini oluphambili:
- abantu-baphila ngenjongo yolonwabo lwabantu;
- amalungelo oluntu - ukukhuthaza amalungelo nenkululeko kubo bonke abantu;
- i-pacifist - abantu-abalondolozo bezoxolo, abalwela konke okulimazayo emhlabeni;
- uluntu-kunika uncedo kubantwana, abantu abakhubazekile kunye nabanye abantu abahluphekayo.
Umgaqo wobuntu
Umntu kufuneka aphuhlise aze athole ulwazi oluthile lolwazi kunye nokuphuhlisa izakhono aza kubuyela kwihlabathi ngokusebenzisa imisebenzi yezenhlalakahle nezomsebenzi. Umbono wobomi wobuntu uchaza ukuhlonipha imilinganiselo yomthetho kunye nokuziphatha koluntu kunye nentlonipho yoluntu. Umgaqo wobuntu uchaza ukugcinwa kwemithetho emininzi:
- Isimo sengqondo esifanelekileyo kuluntu kubo bonke abantu, ngaphandle kokuqwalasela imeko engokwenyama, impahla kunye nentlalo.
- Ukufumanisa oko kuthethwa ngabantu, kubalulekile ukukhankanya umgaqo omnye: ilungelo lomntu wonke ukuba abe nguye kufuneka liqaphele.
- Kubalulekile ukuqonda inceba njengenyathelo ekubhekiseleleni kubantu, okungafanelekanga ngokusekelwe kwintsilelo kunye novelwano, kodwa ngomnqweno wokunceda umntu adibanise kuluntu.
Ubuntu kwihlabathi lemihla
Kungekudala, iimbono zobuntu ziye zatshintsha, kwaye ziye zalahleka nokufaneleka kwayo, kuba uluntu lwangoku iimbono zobunini kunye nokuzineliseka, oko kukuthi, inkolelo yemali, ifike phambili. Ngenxa yoko, loo nto yayingumntu onomusa ongeyena mva kwiimvakalelo zabanye abantu, kodwa umntu ozenzayo kwaye akaxhomekanga kumntu. Iingcali zengqondo zikholelwa ukuba le meko ibangela uluntu ukuba luphele ekufeni.
Ubuntu bwanamhlanje buyithatha indawo yokuthanda uluntu kubantu abanomzabalazo wophuhliso lwayo oluqhubekayo, oluchaphazela ngqo intsingiselo yangaphambili yale ngcamango. Ininzi yokugcina izithethe zabantu zingenza urhulumente, umzekelo, imfundo yamahhala kunye neyeza, ukuphakamisa umvuzo kubasebenzi beebhajethi kuya kuthintela ukucwangciswa koluntu kumaqela asepropati. I-ray yethemba lokuba akuyiyo yonke into elahlekileyo kunye nokuphila kwabantu kwintlalo yanamhlanje iyakwazi ukuphinda ibuyele, ngaba abantu abangabaziyo ukuba bangabalulekanga kubulungisa kunye nokulingana.
Iimbono zobuntu kwiBhayibhile
Abakholwayo bagcina ukuba ubuntwini bubuKristu, kuba ukholo lufundisa ukuba bonke abantu bayalingana kunye kwaye badinga ukuthandana kunye nokubonisa ubuntu. Ubuntu bokuba ngumKristu yintonzo yothando kunye nokuhlaziywa kwangaphakathi kobuntu bomntu. Ubiza umntu ukuba agqibezele kwaye angabi nabugovu ngenkonzo yabantu. Unqulo lobuKristu alukwazi ukuba lukho ngaphandle kokuziphatha.
Iimfundiso malunga nobuntu
Lo mmandla unxulumene nolwazi olunomdla, kuba iminyaka emininzi, ubuqu buntu buphantsi kokuhlolwa, ukulungiswa, bekuncipha kunye nokunye.
- Isazi senzululwazi esaziwayo A. Maslow kunye nabalingane bakhe ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-50 bafuna ukudala umbutho onobuchule oya kucinga ngokubonakaliswa kobuntu kwintlalo yengqondo. Kwaye kwacaciswa ukuba kwindlela entsha ekufuneka ibe yinto yokuzimelela kunye nokuzimela. Ngenxa yoko, i-American Association of Humanistic Psychology yadalwa.
- Ngokwebali, umntu wokuqala oyinyaniso nguFrancesco Petrarca, obeka indoda kwinqanaba lokuhamba njengomntu onomdla kwaye onelisekile.
- Abaninzi banomdla kwiliphi igama elithi "ubuntu" ekusebenzisaneni kwayo kunye nendalo, kwaye oko kuchaza isimo sengqondo esilumkileyo kunye nentlonipho kuzo zonke izidalwa eziphilayo emhlabeni. Abantu be-Ecohumanists bafuna ukuphinda bahlaziye izinto ezilahlekileyo zendalo.
Iincwadi malunga nobuntu
Umxholo wenkululeko kunye noluntu luhlala lusetyenziswa kwiincwadi. Ubuntu kunye nothando lunceda ukuqwalasela iimpawu ezilungileyo zomntu kunye nokubaluleka kwabo kuluntu kunye nehlabathi lonke.
- "Ubalekele Inkululeko" E. Ukusuka. Le ncwadi inikezelwe kwiinkalo zengqondo zengqondo kunye nokufumana ukuzimela. Umbhali ubona ukubaluleka kwenkululeko kubantu abahlukeneyo.
- "Intaba yeMagic" nguT. Mann. Le ncwadi ichaza ukuba uluntu luni, ngobudlelwane babantu abaye balahlekelwa intsingiselo yobomi kwaye ubuhlobo babantu buza kuqala.