Amalungelo omntwana kwintsapho

Amalungelo omntwana kwintsapho ayalawulwa kwaye ayakhuselwa yimithetho, yasekhaya nakwamanye amazwe. I-Russian Federation kunye ne-Ukraine, elandela indlela yezomthetho nezentlalo, sele ithathe amaphepha amaninzi ngamazwe kummandla wolawulo lwamalungelo oluntu, kwaye unemiqathango ethile yokukhusela amalungelo abantwana. Ngoko, incinci ithathwa njengomntwana; ngaphantsi kweminyaka eyi-18 ubudala.

Amalungelo omntwana kwintsapho yaseRashiya

ERashiya, amalungelo omntwana alawulwa yimithetho nemithetho esemthethweni:

1. Ikhowudi yoLuntu yaseRussian Federation.
2. Umthetho wesigqeba "Kwi-guardianship and guardiance".
3. Umthetho wesigqeba "Kwiziqinisekiso ezisisiseko zamalungelo omntwana eRussian Federation".
4. Umthetho wesigqeba "Kwizinto ezisiseko zeenkqubo zokuthintela ukunganyaniseki kunye nokutshatyalaliswa kwabantwana".
5. Isimiselo sikaMongameli weRussia Federation "Kwiimvavanyo ezongezelelweyo zokuqinisekisa iiMalungelo kunye nokuKhuselwa koMdla kwaBantu abancinci baseRussian Federation".
6. Isimiselo sikaMongameli weRussia Federation "KuMkomishinina ngamalungelo omntwana".
7. Isimiselo sikaMongameli weRussia Federation "KwiSicwangciso soZwelonke seNtsebenzo sabantwana ngo-2012-2017".
8. Isigqibo sikaRhulumente weRussia Federation "Kwimeko yengxelo yelizwe malunga nemeko yabantwana kunye neentsapho kunye nabantwana baseRashiya Federation".
9. Isigqibo sikaRhulumente weRussia Federation "KwiBhunga likaRhulumente waseRashiya kwiinkalo zobumgcini kwintlalo yoluntu", njl.

Amalungelo omntwana kwintsapho yase-Ukraine

EUkraine, amalungelo omntwana akanalo mithetho ethile, ayabonakaliswa kwaye akhuselwe ngamanqaku ahlukeneyo kwiNtsapho, iiNkqubo zoLuntu kunye neNkcubeko, kwi-Art. 52 loMgaqo-siseko, kunye neMithetho: "Ukukhusela Ubundlobongela Basekhaya", "Ngokukhusela Ubuntwana", "Kwi-Social Work with Children and Young People".

Eli nqaku libonisa uluhlu oluphambili lwezenzo eziqhelekileyo nezomthetho malunga nokutyunjwa nokugcinwa kwamalungelo omntwana kwintsapho. Bathi ilungelo eliyisiseko labantwana abancinci ukuhlala nokuvelisa kwintsapho. Oku kuyimfuneko yokuphuhliswa kwengqondo, yobuntu kunye nentlalo yomntwana ngamnye, ngoko le meko yobomi ibaluleke kakhulu ngaphandle kokunyanzeliswa. Kule nkalo, ukutholwa komntwana kubaluleka ngaphezu kwezinye iifom zezintandane kwintsapho . Abantwana banelungelo lokufumana idatha kunye nokwazi konke malunga nabazali be-biological, kunye nokudibanisa nezihlobo, ngaphandle kwesidingo sokugcina imfihlelo yokwamkelwa.

Ngokutsho kwezenzo eziqhelekileyo, abazali banyanzelekile ukuba banakekele impilo, imfundo, uphuhliso olubanzi kunye nenkxaso yabantwana. Ukuphulwa kwamalungelo aloo ntsapho kwintsapho kunokukhokelela ekuhoxisweni kwabantwana kunye nokunyanzelwa okanye ukuthintela amalungelo omzali ngokumalunga nabo kwiinkundla. Umlinganiselo onjalo wenzelwe ukukhusela amalungelo omntwana kwintsapho.

Amalungelo kwipropati yomntwana kwintsapho iyona lungelo elingenakufumana ilungelo lokufumana umxholo opheleleyo kubazali. Kwaye, oku, ngumsebenzi ongenakunqunyulwa. Ukuba omnye wabazali akabibi imali yokugcinwa komntwana, ngoko ziqokelelwa kwi-odolophu, eyanyanzelekileyo. Kwimeko xa bengenako ukubonelela umntwana, umntwana unako unelungelo lokuqokelela i-alimony kumzalwana omdala kunye noodade okanye abanomkhulu.

Ipropati yomntwana ifakwe kunye nepropathi engashenxiswayo, eyadluliselwa kuye ngelifa, njengesipho, okanye ithengwe ngeendlela zayo, kunye neengeniso ekusebenziseni kwabo, izabelo, iminikelo yemali kunye neengeniso kubo, njl njl.

Umntwana naye unomvuzo wakhe kumsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa okanye umsebenzi wengqondo, kunye nokufundiswa kwemali, enelungelo lokulahla ngokuzimeleyo ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-14.

Amalungelo abantwana kwiintsapho ezikhuselekileyo zihambelana ngokupheleleyo namalungelo omntwana phantsi kokugcinwa okanye ukugcinwa. Baya kugcina amalungelo kuwo nayiphina impahla yabo, i-alimony, ipensheni, iintlawulo zeentlalo kunye njalo.