Amagciwane amaninzi anokuba khona emzimbeni ixesha elide ngaphandle kokuziyeka. Ezi ziquka i-papillomavirus yabantu. Ngokwezibalo, malunga ne-70% yabantu bonke abachaphazelekayo, kodwa abaninzi abazi ngeyo kwaye abazi indlela yokuphatha ipapillomavirus yabantu.
I-papillomavirus yabantu - yintoni na?
I-papillomavirus yomntu, okanye, njengoko idla ngokuba ngugqirha, igciwane le-HPV, liqela le-virus ye-pathogenic esasazeka kuyo yonke indawo. Iingcali zenzululwazi ziye zachonga iintlobo ezingaphezu kwe-100 zeentlobo ze-HPV. Ngelo xesha, malunga ne-13 yazo zonke ezifunyenweyo ziye zandisa ukwanda kwe-carcinogenicity-ikhupha ukuphuhliswa kweekhensi. Esi sifo sisasazeka ngokukhawuleza ngesondo, ngoko ukugqithiswa kwezifo kubhalisiwe kumantombazana kunye namakhwenkwe emva kokungena kwizesondo zesini.
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezininzi iintlobo zegciwane le-HPV zikhona emzimbeni womntu ixesha elide, ngaphandle kokuchaphazela iinkqubo zayo zangaphakathi. Bona ngokwabo bayanyamalala ngaphandle kokungeniswa kweyeza ezinyangeni ezimbalwa emva kokusuleleka. Kufunyenwe ukuba malunga ne-90% yazo yonke i-HPV ngokwayo iyanyamalala emva kweminyaka emi-2. Nangona kunjalo, inxalenye encinci yesifo sesandulela ngculaza ingakhokelela kumdlavuza, ngoko ukuxilongwa ngokufanelekileyo ngexesha elifanelekileyo kukulwa ne-HPV.
I-papillomavirus yoluntu
Ngokuxhomekeka kwiimpawu zokuziphatha, iziqulatho zesakhiwo, igciwane le-HPV lihlulwe kwiindidi ezininzi. Kule meko, ubuchule belo hlobo oluthile luya kuhlaselwa kwisifo somhlaza kubalulekile. Kuxhomekeke kule nto, i-HPV ihlukaniswe ngo:
- I-HPV enomngcipheko ophantsi we-oncology - iintlobo 6, 11, 42, 40, 54, 43, 61, 44, 81, 72, 70, CP6108;
- enobungozi obuphezulu - 53, 26, 66;
- eneengozi ephezulu - HPV 16, 18, 33, 31, 35, 35, 45, 39, 52, 52, 56, 59, 58, 73, 68, 82.
Ngaba usuleleko lwe-papillomavirus?
Usulelo lwe-90% lwamatyala lwenzeka ngokuqhagamshelana nomntu onempilo onomthwali wegciwane. I-pathogen ikhoyo kumanzi omzimba, kwiimbumba ezinamaqabunga. I-HPV yamadoda ayifani ngokuqhelekileyo kunesondo esilungileyo, kodwa ngokuphindaphindiweyo ihamba ngokukhawuleza. I-immune system inqanda ukuphuhliswa kwintsholongwane, ngoko ayikwazi ukukhula kwaye ikhona emzimbeni womntu kwindawo engasebenzi. Ngenxa yokunqongophala kwemikhosi yokukhusela, ukusebenza kwayo kuyenzeka, kuvela umfanekiso wesithombeni okhuthaza izigulana ukuba zidibane nodokotela.
Ipapillomavirus yomntu ihanjiswa njani?
Kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusasazwa kwegciwane kuyabonakala ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo. Ngenxa yoko, i-papillomavirus yabasetyhini ikhula ngokuphindaphindiweyo ngokuqala kobomi bobulili obusebenzayo. Ukusetyenziswa kokukhulelwa komnxeba (ikhondom) kunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka, kodwa akayi kubakho ngokupheleleyo loo nto. Ukuhanjiswa kwe-HPV kunokufumaneka ngendlela ecacileyo - ukusuka kumama ogulayo ukuya kumntwana ngexesha lokubeletha.
Ininzi kaninzi intsholongwane ye-papilloma idluliselwa yindlela yoqhagamshelwano. Kwiimeko ezininzi, oku kwenzeka ngexesha lokwabelana ngesondo: kunye ne-sex caresses, ukudibanisa kunye ne-membranes ye-virus ye-virus, i-HPV idluliselwa kumlingane ophilileyo. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu zeklinikhi ezibonakalayo ze-HPV zingazibonakalisa kwisayithi sokungeniswa kwe-pathogen emzimbeni (iintendelezo, iminwe).
Yintoni eyingozi kwi-HPV?
Isiphumo esona sibi kakhulu se-HPV yinkqubo ye-oncological. Oososayensi baseNtshona bavumelana noluvo lokuba igciwane le-papilloma lingabangela umdlavuza kwanoma yiphi indawo. Ngokukhawuleza le ntsho longwane ye-pathogenic yenza iziganeko ze-dysplastic kwiimbrane ze-mucous kunye ne-epithelium, eyenziwa njengesigaba sokuqala senkqubo ye-oncogenic. Utshintsho oluthile luphawu lwesifo somhlaza wesibeleko, esichukumisa iintlobo ezili-16 ne-18-i-HPV yengozi ephezulu ye-oncogenic. Kwezinye iimeko, i-HPV ithathwa njengeyona nto inokubangela ukungabikho komntwana kwintsapho.
I-papillomavirus yabantu besetyhini
Intsholongwane ye-papilloma yabasetyhini kwi-gynecology ithathwa njengeyona nto ibangela umdlavuza wesibeleko . Le ntsholongwane icatshulwa ikakhulu ngama-16 ne-18 iindidi ze-HPV. Le nkqubo inexesha elide, ayihambisani nemiboniso yeklinikhi, ngoko kunzima ukuyixilonga. Kwimeko eqhelekileyo yenkqubo yokuzivikela kumzimba ukususela kwintsholongwane yesifo sengculaza emzimbeni ngaphambi kokuba uphuhliso lomhlaza wesibeleko lunokuthatha iminyaka eyi-15-20. Ukuba ukukhubazeka komfazi kubuthathaka, unyango oluyimfuneko alukwenziwanga, kukho umngcipheko wokuhlamba i-tumor kwiminyaka emi-5. Izinto ezibandakanyiweyo ziquka:
- ukuqala kokuqala ngokwesondo;
- ukungabikho komlingani wesondo rhoqo;
- ubukho bemikhwa emibi (iicicin, utywala).
I-papillomavirus yabantu ngamadoda
Ukuxelela, kunokuba i-VPCH eyingozi kumadoda, oogqirha abakhokeli ukungafani kwekhadi kwimiphumo ye-pathology evela kwabasetyhini. Kwimmeli yesini esomeleleyo, i-HPV ivuselela izifo zesifo somhlaza zesitho zomzimba, ikakhulukazi zangaphandle. Ukongezelela, ngenxa yokufumaneka kwe-HPV emzimbeni inokuvela kwiinkqubo zendalo kwiinkqubo zomzimba. I-Papillomavirus emadodeni inomsindo:
- iimvumi zerandi;
- umhlaza we-pharynx;
- nomhlaza we larynx .
I-papillomavirus yabantu - iimpawu
Ngenye emzimbeni, i-papillomavirus yabantu ayinakuvakalelwa kwiinyanga ezi-3-8-ixesha elide ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa lihlala. Ukongezelela, kwiimeko ezininzi, ukusuleleka kwintsholongwane yintsholongwane yexesha elifutshane kwaye isonjululwe ngokuzimeleyo kwiminyaka engama-1-2, ukuba ngelo xesha akukho tshintsholongwane. Kwimiqondiso emikhulu, iimpawu, ezibonisa ukuba i-virus ye-papilloma ikhona emzimbeni, kubalulekile ukuhlula:
- IiWarts zincinci ezincinane phezu kwesikhumba. I-HPV 1-5, 10, 49 ne-28 iintlobo zivuthiwe. Ii-Warts zinesakhiwo esithile kunye nokubonakala kunye nokuhlala kwendawo (iiplati, izihlunu, iilly warts).
- I-condylomas - i-outgrowths ephezulu emacimbini enamaqabunga ezitho zangasese, kwi-anus, emlonyeni, kungekhona emlonyeni womlomo. Izizathu ze-HPV 6, 11, 18, 13, 16, 35, 31 iindidi.
- Iipapilomas zeentambo zamagama - zimela ukukhula okubangela ukunciphisa i-glottis. Kwezinye iimeko, ziyafunyanwa kubantwana abasulelwe ngumama ngexesha lokubeletha. Izizathu ze-HPV 11.
- I-papillis ye-Bovenoid - iiplati ezifake iiplati ezifana nezixhobo. Kubonakala kwindawo yokulala, ngokuqhelekileyo kuvela kumadoda ebusweni bendoda. Ukunikezelwa kwezibonelelo ze-HPV, 16, 31, 33, 42, 51, 48, 54, 51, 51, 51, 51.
I-papillomavirus yabantu
Uhlalutyo oluphambili lwe-papillomavirus yabantu yi-PCR. Izinto ezifundiswayo ngexesha lokuphunyezwa kwazo ziyi-swabs ezithathwe kwiimbrane ezinqamlekileyo zesini kunye nomlomo wesibeleko kubasetyhini nakwi-mucosa ye-penis kumadoda. Phakathi kwezinye iindlela zokuxilongwa kwepillomavirus yabantu:
- I-Digene-test iyindlela entsha yokufumana ukuthandwa kwamachiza. Isetshenziselwa ukuchonga intsholongwane yesifo sengculaza, leyo ingayikhupha i-pathology. Ndiyabulela kule ndlela, oogqirha banquma ukulingana kwe-oncogenicity of virus kunye nomngcipheko wokuba nomhlaza.
- Uvavanyo lwe-cytological - luquka uhlalutyo oluncinci lwe-swab ebonakalayo kwizitho zomzimba, apho iimeko zeeseli zivavanywa.
- Uhlalutyo lwe- Histological- analysis of sampuli yeethambo ezithathwe ngophando lwe-gynecological.
I-papillomavirus yoluntu - unyango
Ukuze kupheliswe ngokupheleleyo i-HPV emzimbeni, unyango kufuneka luqale ngempawu zokuqala zesifo. Kunzima ukwenza oku, kwaye ngokuqhelekileyo izigulane zihamba ngezifundo ezininzi zonyango. Ukususa i-papillomavirus emzimbeni, amaqabane omabini kufuneka ayenyango, ngaphandle koko usulelo luya kwenzeka ngokuphindaphindiweyo. Ngokubanzi, unyango lwe-HPV lubandakanya:
- unyango olukhuselekileyo lwe-anti-virus kunye ne-immunomodulatory treatment;
- unyango lotyando - ukuchithwa kwamathambo anesifo se-virus, ukususwa kweemfazwe.
Ukulungiselela ipapillomavirus
Kufuneka kuphawulwe ngokukhawuleza ukuba akukho nonyango ye-papillomavirus, izidakamizwa kufuneka zikhethwe ngabanye. Unyango luyinkimbinkimbi, ngokokubonakaliswa kwempilo. Isilinganisi seziyobisi sisetyenziswe ngugqirha ngokuxhomekeka kwinqanaba leenkqubo zentsholongwane, imeko yesigulane somzimba wesigulane. Ukuba intsholongwane ayibonakali naliphi na indlela, akufuneki ukuyiphatha. Xa iimpawu ze-HPV zibonakaliswa, amaqela alandelayo asetyenziswayo:
- izidakamizwa ze-cytotoxic - 5-fluorouracil, i-Podophyllotoxin, iBleomycin;
- ukuxhatshazwa kwezidakamizwa - i-Interferon, Immunal .
Kwiinkqubo eziyinkathazo, unyango lwe-photodynamic lusetyenziswa ngokusisigxina. Kuphezulu kwimizimba echaphazelekayo, kusetyenziswe into ekhethiweyo eyenziwa phantsi kwayo, ephantsi kwenkqubo yokukhanya kwemitha, ikhupha iifom ezisebenzayo zomoya. Ngokukhawuleza phantsi kweempembelelo zabo, iiseli zesikhumba ezonakaliswe yintsholongwane ziyachithwa. Oku kuvuselela ukuvuselelwa ngokutsha kunye neenkqubo zokubuyisela.
Ukuthintela i-HPV
Ukuxelela indlela yokuphatha i-HPV, kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukungena kwayo emzimbeni kulula ukukhusela. Indlela ephambili yokuthintela ukugonywa kumpapillomavirus yabantu. Iigciwane ezijoliswe kwi-HPV ziyasebenza, zikhuselekile. Ixesha eliphakanyisiweyo lokuba isicelo sabo liyiminyaka eyi-11 ukuya-13-ixesha lokuqalisa ukukhulelwa. Ukuba oku kungenziwa ngexesha, ungagonywa kamva: abafazi - ukufikelela kwiminyaka engama-21, amadoda-ukuya kuma-26. Ukugonywa kubandakanya ukulawulwa kwezi-3 zonyango lokugonya kweenyanga ezili-6.
Ukuthintela usulelo, kufuneka ulandele imithetho emininzi:
- Ukugqithisa iimviwo zokukhusela kwi-gynecologist.
- Sebenzisa iipilisi.
- Ungazibandakanyi ngesondo esingaqhelekanga.