Ngona iimpawu zokuqala zomkhuhlane zibizwa. Bakhonza njengombonakaliso we-alamu, obonisa ukuba kufuneka ufune uncedo lwezonyango ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yokuba esi sifo sincinci. Ichaphazela abantu abaneminyaka ezahlukeneyo kunye nesondo. Unyaka wonke, amakhulu amabini abantu bayafa kuwo kunye neengxaki ezibangelwa yiyo.
Iintlobo zentsholongwane
Kukho iintlobo ezininzi zezifo ezithathelwanayo. Uhlobo lwesifo luya kugqitywa yiyiphi igciwane lesifo sengculaza singene emzimbeni. Izindlela zentsholongwane zi:
- ukuqhubela umoya;
- ipini;
- uthuli lomoya.
I-Influenza A uhlobo
Intsholongwane yalolu hlobo aluchaphazeli abantu kuphela, kodwa nezilwanyana. Abameleli abaqaqambileyo izifo ezithathelwanayo kweli qela "i-avian" kunye ne- "pig" . Intsholongwane yalolu hlobo luchukumisa isifo soxinzelelo oluthathakayo kwaye ngezinye iindawo ezinzima. Ukungahambi kwezifo ezithathelwanayo kweli qela kukuba i-virus inokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza, ukwakha isakhiwo esitsha se-antigen. Ngokuqhelekileyo eso sifo siba yingqungquthela.
I-Influenza A yohlobo B
Izifo ezibangelwa yiyo ntsholongwane ziyingozi kuphela kubantu. Azisasazi kwizilwanyana. Nangona intsholongwane ye-influenza B nayo ikwazi ukuguqula, iyenzeka kangangoko kunoklasini A. Ixesha eliqhelekileyo lokutshintsha isakhiwo se-antigenic minyaka yonke. Ukuhlaziywa kwezifo zesifo - kwiminyaka emi-5-6. Basenokuqala ukugqashuka kwe-influenza A okanye ukukhawuleza kunye nabo. Ubungqamene kwezifo ezibangelwa zizifo eziphilayo zeli qela kukuba zisasazeka kwintsimi ephantsi. Ngamanye amagama, bangabommandla wendawo.
Umhlaza we-Influenza C
I-pathogen yale qela ibangela izifo ezihamba kunye neempawu ezingathí sina (kwezinye iimeko, zenzeka phantse ngaphandle kwempawu). Njengentsholongwane yeklasi B, ichaphazela abantu kuphela, ngelixa lingasongela izilwanyana. I-Influenza C ayibangeli ubhubhane. Ukongezelela, ayinayo imiphumo emibi. Nangona kunjalo, ukuya kutshatyalaliswa, isichuseli segciwane lesifo sentsholongwane asifundile.
Intsholongwane ye-Influenza - iimpawu
Ixesha lokuxubusha kwezifo ezinokusuleleka lunokuhlala kwiiyure ezingama-3 ukuya kwiintsuku ezi-3. Ngokuqhelekileyo ukususela kumzuzwana wentsholongwane kwimbonakalo yeempawu zokuqala, ukuhamba kweentsuku ezili-1. Ingaphantsi kwegciwane lingena emzimbeni, ixesha elide liyakusasa. Ukongezelela, izinga lokuphuhliswa kwesifo lichaphazela isimo somzimba wokhuseleko lomzimba. Ukomelela umkhuhlane-ixesha elidlulileyo lidlula kwixesha lokubonakala kweempawu zokuqala emva kokusuleleka.
Kwinqanaba lokuqala, iimpawu zomkhuhlane zilandelayo:
- intloko ;
- khulisa;
- ukuguga emathanjeni;
- ukuphosa;
- photophobia;
- coryza;
- u buqhetseba;
- ukuhla kwamandla;
- ukuthuthumela;
- emva kokusasaza emlonyeni;
- ukucaphuka.
Ngethuba lokuxhatshazwa, iimpawu zokuqala zentsholongwane zixhaswa ziimpawu:
- ukwanda kweqondo lomzimba;
- ukukhwehlela owomileyo, ohamba kunye nentlungu esifuba;
- i-conjunctivitis;
- i-hyperemia yobuso;
- ukomisa ngokweqile kwesikhumba;
- ingxolo ezindlebeni;
- myalgia .
Nangona kunjalo, kukho iimpawu eziyingozi ze-influenza. Ukuba zikhona, kufuneka uqale ukubiza i-ambulensi. Ukuxhalabisa ziimpawu ezilandelayo:
- ukushisa okuphezulu, okugcina iintsuku ezi-5;
- ukulahlekelwa kwengqondo;
- zixhala;
- ukubonakala kwe-dyspnea;
- intloko enzima engaphantsi kwayo emva kokuthabatha amayeza;
- ukukhawuleza kwesikhumba.
I-Flu - gravity
Ziziphi iimpawu ezibonakalisiweyo, kuxhomekeke kakhulu kwisigaba sesifo. Kukho iindlela ezinjalo zomkhuhlane:
- UkuKhanya - kuhamba ngokunyuka okuncane kumbindi womzimba (kufika kuma-38 ° C). Kule nqanaba, iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa zi nokuba zibala okanye zingekho.
- Isisindo somyinge - ukushisa kuphakama ukuya kwi-39.5 ° C. Kule nqanaba, kukho ukuxiliswa, ukuxininiseka kwesisu, ubomvu bamehlo kunye nezinye iimpawu.
- Ifom enkulu - ehamba kunye nokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa ukuya kuma-40 ° C. Izimpawu ngeli nqanaba zithi: zifana neempawu zentsholongwane kwisigaba sokuqala, zibonakalisa ngamandla amakhulu.
- Ifom ye-hypertensive - kunye nobushushu bakhe buphakama ngaphezu kwe-40 ° C. Kukho umlingo wesistim se-nervous central. Kwezinye iimeko, ukuhluleka kokuphefumula kwenzeka.
- Ifom yefowuni ephawulezileyo iyingozi ngenxa yokukhawuleza kokuphuhliswa kwesi sifo. Ikhokelela ekufeni.
Ubuhlungu bukhuhlane
Ukuvalelwa kabuhlungu kukuvela ekuqaleni kwentsholongwane. Impawu zokuqala zentsholongwane zibuhlungu. Kubonakala nangaphambi kokushisa komzimba. Indawo yendawo iyakwazi ukuhluka:
- intloko;
- i thorax;
- imisipha yemilenze;
- amehlo njalo njalo.
Ukushisa kwe-Influenza
Yindlela yokusabela kwinkqubo yokuzikhusela komzimba ekuxhatshazweni okuhambisana nesi sifo. Into ehlukile kukuba ukunyuka kwamaqondo obushushu kubonakala ngokukhawuleza. Iiyure ezimbalwa kuphela, kwaye isibonakaliso sibonisa ukuphambuka okukhulu kwi-standard. Ingakanani izinga lokushisa eligcina intsholongwane lithembele kwizinto ezilandelayo:
- ubunzima besifo;
- inkqubo yokukhusela umzimba;
- kwamkela i-antipyretics.
Ukuxhatshazwa ngumkhuhlane
Esi sibonakaliso sisisiphumo somsebenzi we-immune system, okuye imisebenzi yayo ijoliswe ekupheliseni ukujoliswa kwesulelo. Igazi, ukuhlamba izicubu ezichaphazelekayo, kususa ii-microorganisms ezifayo. Xa umkhuhlane unxila kakhulu. Oku kubangelwa kukuba iipilisi zizalisa kwizinga lokurekhoda, ezibangele inani elikhulu. Ukunciphisa umzimba, umzimba kufuneka uchithe amandla amaninzi. Ukuxhatshazwa kuxhunyiwe kunye nezinye iimpawu zomkhuhlane. Enye yazo inyuke ekushiseni komzimba, kubonakaliswe yi-chills kunye nomkhuhlane.
Indlela yokwahlula umkhuhlane kwiindawo ezibandayo kunye ne-SARS?
Ezi zifo zinamanani amaninzi. Nangona kunjalo, nabo bahluke. Indlela yokwahlula umkhuhlane kwiqanda, ungayiqonda ngesiseko seempawu:
- Ukushisa - ngokubanda, kuncinci ngaphezu kokuqhelekileyo, kunye ne- ARVI - ifinyelela kuma-38 ° C, kwaye xa umkhuhlane uphuma kuma-40 ° C.
- Ukuxiliswa - ukugqithisa okuqhelekileyo akupheli kwesi sibonakaliso, kwaye kwizifo eziphefumulayo kunye nomkhuhlane zibizwa.
- Ukudibanisa kwe-nasal kunye neempumlo ze-pitny - kubonwe ukusuka kwiiyure zokuqala ngubanda. Ngama-ARVI, le mpawu iqalisa ukubonakalisa iintsuku ezimbalwa emva kokuxiliswa, kunye nomkhuhlane-njengengxaki.
- Imizwa ebuhlungu - vuka ne-ARVI kunye nomkhuhlane. Ngobushushu, abakho.
Ugqirha unokukwazi ukuchonga ngokuchanekileyo. Uninzi lwabantu aluyazi ukuba bayagula nomkhuhlane. Ukuthwala isifo ezinyaweni zabo, bacinga ukuba oku kubanda nje. Ukuze ugwebe oko ngokwenene, unokukwazi ubude bexesha lokubuyisela. Emva kokubanda, umntu ubuyela ngokukhawuleza ngendlela eqhelekileyo yobomi, engawakhumbuli ukukhutshwa. Ukubuyiswa emva kokuba umkhuhlane uphuthunywe ixesha elide. Umzimba emva kokuba uxinzelelo olunjalo lunemiphumo emibi.
Iingxaki zomkhuhlane
Kwinqanaba lomngcipheko ophezulu wemiphumo emibi ngaba ngamaqela abantu:
- abantwana abancinci (ukuya kwiminyaka emine);
- bafazi ba khulelweyo;
- abantu abaneengxaki zeentliziyo kunye nemiphunga;
- badala;
- abo bafumana izifo ezingapheliyo (sinusitis, otitis, bronchitis);
- abantu abaneengxaki kumasosha omzimba.
Ezi nkathazo emva komkhuhlane zidla rhoqo:
- neuralgia;
- i-meningitis;
- i-edema yengqondo;
- tonsillitis;
- radiculitis;
- pneumonia ;
- frontitis;
- Otitis.
I-Influenza - yintoni oyenzayo?
Ukunyangwa kwesi sifo kuqhutyelwe phantsi kolawulo logqirha. Kucetyiswa phambi kokutyelela ugqirha ukuba angathathi iziyobisi ezichasayo kunye ne-antipyretic, njengoko oku kuya kuphazamisa umfanekiso wekliniki wesifo. Emva kokuvavanya isigulane ugqirha uya kugqiba isigqibo sokuba umntu kufuneka aphathwe njani-ekhaya okanye esibhedlele. Ukongezelela, uya kubeka ikhosi yokunyanga.
Iimeko eziphambili zokuphucula ngokukhawuleza ukuphumla kombhede nokunamathela ngokuthe ngqo kwiingcebiso zegqirha. Nantsi indlela yokuphatha umkhuhlane:
- ama-anti-antial agents (Tamiflu, Remantadine);
- amaphilisi okulwa ne-antipyretic elwa nomkhuhlane (Ibuprofen, Aspirin, Paracetamol);
- izisombululo ze-electrolyte (Regidron, Humana);
- i-antibacterial agents (Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones);
- i-antihistamines (iCitrine, i-Suprastin);
- ukukhwehlela (ACTS, Lazolvan);
- iziyobisi eziququzelela ukuphefumula komzimba (Otryvin, Naphthysine, Pharmazoline).
Ngethuba lokunyanga, kufuneka uphuze ngaphezulu: ubuncinane ii-2 ilitha zamanzi ngosuku. Kuyinto enqwenelekayo ukuba ukushisa kotywala oludliwayo ngu 37-39 ° C. Ngoko umkhuhlane uya kusondla ngokukhawuleza kwaye uvelise inzuzo enkulu kumzimba. Njengoko uphuzo olufanelekileyo lwe-tearose tea, i-compote yezithelo ezomileyo, i-chamomile okanye i-decoction ye-lime. Esi sigqirha siphelile ngokugqibeleleyo iimpawu zomkhuhlane kunye nokuphucula imeko jikelele.
Njengonyango oluxhasayo, abantu basebenzisa "iziyobisi". Ukusetyenziswa kwabo kufuneka kuqhutywe phantsi kolawulo lugqirha, kuba iyeza elimiselweyo le-influenza lingahambelani nelinye ikhambi. Oku akusebenzi nje kuphela ukusikhupha eso sifo, kodwa kuya kwandisa imeko yesigulane. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, ukuzinyango akuvumelekanga. Ukwamkelwa kwamachiza kunye nezilwanyana zoluhlobo kufuneka zenziwe kuphela phantsi kweliso logqirha.
Ukuthintela umkhuhlane
Kulula ukukhusela ukuqala kwesi sifo kunokuba uyiphathe okanye ukulwa nemiphumo emibi evelele kuyo. Ukugonywa kwe-influenza akuyiyo i-panacea, eyenza ikhulu leepesenti isiqinisekiso sokuthi isifo asiyi kukhula. Ukugonywa ngexesha elifanelekileyo kukunceda ukunciphisa ikhosi yesifo kwaye kunciphise amathuba okuba neengxaki.
Ukuze ungaguli, kufuneka ukhulise umzimba. Inkqubo efanelekileyo yokukhusela ichaphazela isikolo sesifo: sinciphisa iimpawu zokuqala komkhuhlane. Ukuqinisa ukhuseleko kuya kunceda imisebenzi elandelayo:
- lukhuni;
- Ukutya okunokulinganisela okufanelekileyo (kuyinqweneleka ukuba ukutya kwakuyimifuno kunye neziqhamo);
- ukuhlamba izandla rhoqo emva kokutyelela izitalato kunye neendawo zoluntu, ngaphambi kokutya, emva kwendlu yangasese njalonjalo;
- ukwamkela i-multivitamin complexes (Decameweith, Hexavita);
- ukufuduka rhoqo kwegumbi kunye nokucoca kwamanzi;
- umsebenzi wokumodareyitha ngokomzimba (ukuhamba, ukuhlaja);
- ukuhlanjululwa kwe-mucosa yangasese kunye neVaseline okanye i-Oxolin amafutha phambi kokuphuma esitrato ngexesha lobhubhane;
- ukugatya imikhwa emibi;
- ukunciphisa uxinzelelo;
- ukusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokukhusela ngexesha lobuthathaka (imaski);
- ukulala ngokupheleleyo nokuphumla.