Ukuxilongwa "kwintsholongwane ye-virus" ayikho nto ekhoyo kwilizwe lethu nakwihlabathi lonke, kwaye akunakulindela ukuba isigulane esingalindelekanga. Oku kubangelwa ukuba usulelo luyakwazi ukuhlala ixesha elide emzimbeni, ukutshabalalisa isibindi, ngaphandle kokuzibonakalisa.
Ulwahlulo lwe-virus ye-virus
I-hepatitis engumlwelwe ayiyodwa isifo, kodwa iqela elipheleleyo le-pathologies, i-agent engabangela ukuba iindidi ezahlukeneyo zeentsholongwane, zihluke kwiimpawu ze-molecular and biochemical. Ziyakusasazwa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo, abanalo isantya esifanayo. Ngokuqhelekileyo kwezi zifo-mzimba kukuba zonke zibangelwa ukuvuvukala kweethambo zesibindi, ziphazamise ukusebenza kwazo.
Okwangoku, malunga neentlobo ezi-12 zegciwane ziyaziwa, xa unentsholongwane leyo i-hepatitis iyaqhubeka. Akubona bonke abaye bafundiswa ngokupheleleyo. Ukongezelela, kusekho iintsholongwane ezingabonakali ze-hepatitis. I-hepatitis e-Viral ayikwahluli nje ngohlobo lwegciwane, kodwa nakweminye imigaqo:
1. Kwikhosi yeklinikhi:
- i-cyclic (ifike kwiintsuku eziyi-90);
- ukukhawuleza ukuqhubeka (ukuya kwiinyanga ezi-6);
- ezingapheliyo (ezintandathu kwiinyanga).
2. Ngobunzima belikhoyo:
- iqondo lokukhanya;
- umyinge;
- enzima.
3. Kwifom yeklinikhi:
- I-Manifist (icteric ejwayelekile, i-icteric atypical, ngaphandle kwe-jaundice);
- i-latent (subclinical, inna-parental).
I-Viral hepatitis A
Esi sifo, sicatshulwa ngohlobo lwe-A, i-virus ye-viral hepatitis, ebonakalisa ukusabalala kwindlala kunye ne-high degree of infectiousness. I-agent ekhuselekileyo yesifo isaziwa nangokuthi yi-enterovirus-72, kwaye ukukhubazeka ngokwayo kuthiwa yi-Botkin's disease. Ukugqithiswa ngendlela yomlomo, umntu waluphi na umdala angagula, emva koko avelise umzimba osisigxina.
Ixesha lokutshatyalaliswa kwentsholongwane liyahluka phakathi kweentsuku ezi-7 ukuya kwe-45. Intsholongwane engena kwi-mucosa yamathumbu iqokelela kwi-epithelium yayo kwaye ishukumisela esibindi, apho iqala ukutshabalalisa izakhiwo zamaselula. Njengomthetho, eso sifo sivela kwifom elula, kwaye ukuba umfanekiso weklinikhi uboniswa, kubonakala:
- ukuvakalelwa kwesisu esiswini esabandakanywa nokwanda kwesibindi;
- isicefe
- umnqweno wokuhlamba;
- kumnyama komchamo;
- ukucaciswa kwamathambo, udongwe lwayo;
- Iqondo lokushisa lomzimba (phezulu kwiintsuku ezingama-2-3);
- intloko kunye nentlungu;
- umlomo owomileyo;
- ukuphuka kolusu kunye ne-sclera;
- ukukhumba isikhumba kunye nezinye
I-Viral Hepatitis B
Izifo zolu hlobo zingenzeka kwiifom ezinzima, ezingapheliyo, ezingapheliyo. I-pathogen, ekhangisa isifo, ibonakaliswa ngokusinda ngokugqithiseleyo kwi-congratulations, ebilisayo, kwi-acid exposure, ixesha elide linokusebenza kwimo engaphandle. Kwizigulane ezinokuxilongwa kwe-hepatitis B, ii-agent ezithathelwanayo zifumaneka kwigazi nakwezinye izixhobo zamanzi-umquba, umchamo, ukukhulelwa kwesisu, njl njl. Ngoko ke, unokusulelwa ngu-contact-house, parenteral, ngokwesondo nakwezinye iindlela.
I-hepatitis e-Viral yale hlobo ibonakaliswe ngethuba lokuxubusha elihlala kwiintsuku ezingama-45 ukuya kwiinyanga ezintandathu. Ngelo xesha, ukungena kwiimpawu ezigulana ngegazi kungena esibindi, apho zanda khona kwaye ziqokelele. Emva kokuqokelela inani elithile, iimpawu zokuqala zekliniki ziyakubonakala:
- Ubuthakathaka obuninzi kunye ne-malaise (ngaphandle kwemfiva);
- ukuvakalelwa rhoqo kwesisu esiswini, kuba nzima emva kokutya;
- isicefe
- utshintsho lombala we-urine;
- intlungu kumalungu, njl
Ukuqhubela phambili, i-virus ye-hepatitis iyadlula kwisigaba se-icteric, apho zonke iimbonakalo zanda, kwaye ezitsha ziyavela:
- ukuguqulwa kwe-stool;
- ukuphuka kolusu kunye ne-sclera;
- ukukhutshwa komchamo we-urine;
- ukungcola;
- ukuphazamiseka kokulala, njl
Ifomu elimnyama liphela ngokuphelisa kunye nokuhlala emzimbeni ozinzileyo (kunye nokusebenza kwesibindi kuphinda kuqhutywe kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, kwaye iziganeko ezinokuhlala zikhona kubomi bonke), okanye zidlulele kwifomu engapheliyo kunye nenqanaba lokutshatyalaliswa kunye nezinye izigulane ezisetyenziswayo.
I-Viral Hepatitis C
Esi sifo siqala ngenkqubo eqaqambileyo, engaqhelekanga. Usulelo luvela kubantu abagulayo okanye abathinteli begciwane lesifo ekudibanisene negazi labo, ngokwesondo, ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana okhulelweyo. Ngenxa yokuba i-virus engapheliyo i-hepatitis C kwiimeko ezininzi iqhubeka ngokufihlakeleyo kwaye ifunyanwe nangona i-lesion ingenakuphikiswa, ibizwa ngokuba "ngumbulali onobubele."
Ngokomyinge, ixesha lokuxubusha lithatha iintsuku ezingama-60. Ngolu hlobo lwesifo lufana ne-hepatitis B kwaye luyakwazi ukubonakaliswa ngokubonakaliswa okulandelayo:
- buthathaka;
- intlungu;
- ukuphazamiseka kwengxaki;
- isicefe
- kumnyama komchamo;
- ukuphuka kolusu, njl
Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis C ihamba neenkalo ezininzi ze-extrahepatic, i-masking the pathology: i-skin rashes, i-vitiligo, i-anemia, umonakalo wezintso, i-thyroid gland, njl. Emva kwesigaba esiqatha, isigulane sinokubuyisa, okanye eso sifo siya kwisigaba esingapheliyo. Uninzi, ekungabikho unyango olufike ngexesha, lusenza inkqubo engapheliyo engabonakali kwiminyaka emininzi. Iinyama ezinobungozi ezinobungozi zitshintshe ngokuthe tye kwi-fatty and fibrous, ngamanye amaxesha inqubo iba yingozi.
I-hepatitis D
Esi sifo siphinde sibhekiswe njenge-delta isifo. I-Hepatitis D ibonakaliswe ngolu hlobo njengemfuneko yokuba kugcinwe uhlobo lwe-virus eB kwiiseli zokuvelisa nokuphuhliswa kwayo. Ngoko ke, ukusuleleka kwe-delta kufunyanwa kuphela kwimvelaphi yokukhula kwesifo se-hepatitis B kwaye ifumana imbonakalo efanayo yeklinikhi, kuphela kwifom eyaziwayo. Ukongezelela, olo bunzima bentsholongwane lwandisa umngcipheko weengxaki ezinzulu. Usulelo luvela ngegazi.
I-Viral hepatitis E
I-pathogen eyenza i-hepatitis E ifana ne-rotavirus kwaye idluliselwa ngendlela yomlomo. Le ntsholongwane ayizinzile kwindawo yangaphandle, ngokukhawuleza iyabulala ngokupheka kwaye ngaphantsi kwefuthe le-antiseptics, kodwa inokuqhubeka ixesha elide kumanzi amanzi. Umfanekiso weklinikhi ufana neendlela ezilula zokugula kwesifo seBotkin, kwiimeko ezininzi ziphela ngokuphucula. Imiphumo emibi yeli pathogen kwabasetyhini abakhulelweyo: ukukhulelwa kuvame ukuphela ekuphumuleni komzimba, umfazi unokukhawuleza ukuhlakala kwesibindi.
I-Virus hepatitis F
I-ejenti ekhuselekileyo yalolu hlobo, efanayo kwiipropati zayo kwi-adenovirus, yafunyanwa kungekudala kwaye ayizange ifundwe. Iyakusasazwa ngumzila we-fecal ngomlomo okanye ngegazi, ukusuka kumama ukuya kumntwana. I-Hepatitis F ineempawu ezilandelayo eziphambili:
- buthathaka;
- Ukuphakamisa lula ukushisa;
- intloko;
- intlungu esibindi;
- i-jaundice ;
- ukuphazamiseka kwesifo;
- isicefe
- ukuphuma kwamagciwane.
I-hepatitis yentsholongwane idluliselwa njani?
Izindlela eziphambili zokudlulisa i-hepatitis yentsholongwane zi:
- I-Fecal-oral (enteral) - kunye namanzi kunye nokutya ngenxa yokuhlanjululwa kococeko, iimeko ezihlambulukileyo ezingcolileyo).
- Ukunxibelelana negazi kunye nezinye izifo zamanzi ezifo zomntu osulelekileyo (nge-parenterally) - kunye neendlela zokwelapha kunye nokuxilongwa, ngokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokugaya izixhobo, amazinyo, izixhobo zokugcoba, kunye nokubhoboza, ukuthayibha, njl njl);
- Kwintlanganiso yesini.
- Ngexesha lokukhulelwa kumama kumntwana ozayo.
Ukusetyenziswa kweentlobo zezifo ziphethe i-subspecies A kunye no-E. Iingozi ezingaphezulu kwingozi ye-viral hepatitis-B, C, D, F, zibeka ingozi ebomini. Imithombo ephambili yentsholongwane ngabantu abanobuchule obungabonakaliyo kunye neendlela zesigulane esichaza ngesifo. Ukuthelela i-droplet microscopic ye-biological fluid engahlambulukanga.
I-Viral Hepatitis - Ukuchonga
Ukuhlolwa kwe-virus ye-virus ye-viral hepatitis, ngaphezu kwe-clinical examination, kubandakanya ukufumanisa uhlobo lwe-pathogen, uhlobo lwesifo, izinga lokukhubazeka kwemisebenzi yombutho kunye nobukho beengxaki. Kule ndlela, isetriyati kunye nezixhobo zobugcisa zisetyenziselwa. Ngoko, i- ultrasound inikezelwe ukuseka utshintsho lwama-morphological in tissue tissu. Kwezinye iimeko, ukwenzela ukuba ufumane umfanekiso opheleleyo wenkqubo yokuvuvukala, uviwo lwakhe lwe-sothematika lufunekayo.
Uhlalutyo lwe-hepatitis yentsholongwane
Indlela ebalulekileyo yokuxilongwa kukuhlolwa kwegazi kubamakishi be-hepatitis yentsholongwane. Kukho iindlela ezimbini eziphambili zokufumanisa izifo:
- I-Immunological - inkcazo yamanqindi aveliswa emzimbeni ekuphenduleni ukungena kwamagciwane, okanye iinxalenye zegciwane.
- I-Genetic yindlela yokwenza i-polymerase chain reaction apho iigciwane zichongwa yi-DNA okanye i-RNA egazini.
Iimpawu ze-viral hepatitis zityhilwa, ngaphezu koko, ngokusebenzisa iimvavanyo ezibuhlungu:
- ukuzimisela kwinqanaba le-enzyme ye-hepatic;
- ukuzimisela kwamaqhezu e-bilirubin.
Intsholongwane ye-hepatitis - iimpawu kunye nonyango
Ekubeni isifo "isifo sengqondo sesifo sengqondo sesifo se-virus" iimpawu azibonakali zisoloko zisekuqaleni, ukuhlaziywa ngokupheleleyo akuqinisekanga ngaso sonke isikhathi. Kwiimeko ezininzi, njengoko kuphawuliwe ngasentla, i-pathology iyaqhubeka ngokungapheliyo nempawu ezipholileyo ezingenzeka kwezinye izifo ezininzi:
- u buqhetseba;
- intloko;
- intlungu yesisu;
- isicefe
- iingxaki zokugaya ukutya, njl
Ingozi eyingozi kakhulu yinto ebizwa ngokuba yimiliya yangoku, apho ukufa kwezilwanyana ezinesibindi kubonakala. Njengomthetho, loo ndlela ifumaneka kwi-hepatitis A. Kule meko, iimpawu zichazwe ngokucacileyo kwaye ukuphulwa kwinkqubo yesiseko senzwa kubeka kuqala, ehambelana nokuqokelela izinto ezinobuthi. Ngaloo ndlela, izigulana zinokudideka, ukuphazamiseka kwentshukumo, ukudibana, njl njl Oku kufuna uncedo olungxamisekileyo lwezonyango.
Unyango lwe-viral hepatitis C, A, B kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-hepatitis zifana kakhulu kwaye ziquka:
- ukubambelela kumbhedlele okanye kwisiqingatha-bhedeni, umda wokusebenza ngokomzimba;
- ukuthobela ukutya;
- ukuthatha imishishini (izidakamizwa ezithile ze-anti-virus, i-detoxification agents, i-interferons, i-enterosorbents, amalungiselelo enzyme, i-hepatoprotectors, i-antispasmodics, njl);
- ngamanye amaxesha - unyango olunyango (ukufakelwa komzimba).
Izigulane ziboniswa ukutya okuxubileyo rhoqo ngaphandle kweemveliso ezikhuthaza ukuveliswa kwejusi lomathumbu kunye nokusebenza kombindi. Kubalulekile ukusela amanzi amaninzi, ukunciphisa ukusebenzisa ityuwa. Imveliso ongayisebenzisa:
- inyama e-fat fat, intlanzi;
- iimveliso zobisi ezincinci;
- iqanda elimhlophe;
- imifuno ephekiweyo;
- ipayipi;
- iikhukhi zebhasiki, isonka sezolo.
Inqatshelwe:
- inyama enamafutha, iimveliso zokutshaya, ukutya okusemandleni;
- marinades, pickles;
- kubhaka okutsha;
- ukutya okuthosiweyo;
- i-anyanisi eluhlaza, igalikhi, isithombo, isithombo, iklabishi;
- tshokoleji.
Kwiminyaka yakutshanje, iziyobisi ezinomzimba wokuzikhusela kwi-group of thiopoetins, ezichaphazela ngokukhethekileyo iiseli ze-hepatic, zisetyenziswe njengenxalenye yonyango lwe-hepatitis. Ezi zi yobisi ziquka iGlitsxim. I-Interferon i-inductors kunye ne-immunomodulators zicetyiswa ngakumbi kwiinkqubo ezimbi. Lawa mayeza njengale:
- Cycloferon;
- Immunophane;
- Polyoxidonium;
- Amiksin nabanye.
Ukuthintela i-viral hepatitis
Kungakhathaliseki uhlobo lwe-virus ye-viral hepatitis, ukuthintela kusekelwe kwimithetho emininzi, ukuthobela okunciphisa umngcipheko wokusuleleka:
- Ukusela amanzi abilisiwe, uhlanjwe izithelo kunye nemifuno, ukutya okucwangciswa ngomoya.
- Gwema ukudibanisa nabanye abantu abahamba ngamanzi (usebenzisa kuphela izinto zokuhlambulula umntu, iisetyring ezilahlayo, izixhobo ezinamatshini okucoca umzimba, ukubhoboza, njl.).
- Ukuphephelwa koonxibelelwano oluqhelekileyo, ukusetyenziswa kweendlela zokukhusela.
- Ukugonywa malunga ne-hepatitis A kunye no-B.