Ngenxa yezizathu ezingaziwa, izicubu ze-epithelial zesikhumba kunye nezibilini ezinamaqabunga ngamanye amaxesha zihlaselwa zibe zizifo ezinzima. Ezi zicubu zixhaphake kubantu beCaucasian of age of age (emva kweminyaka 60-65). Ukuba kukho i-genetic predisposition, zifunyaniswa kwizingane.
I-Squamous cell carcinoma - ukuxilongwa
I-pathology echazwe ngokukhawuleza ihamba ngokukhawuleza kwaye idibanisa kwiindawo zokuqala zentuthuko, ngoko kubalulekile ukufumanisa i-tumor ngexesha kunye nangoko uqale unyango. Uxilongo lwenziwe ngesiseko soviwo lwesigulane kunye ne-anamnesis ngencazelo ecacileyo yeempawu ezikhoyo. Uhlobo oluqhelekileyo lomhlaza luyi-squamous cell carcinoma, ekhangeleka njengeqonga elikhulu. Kunzima ukuyihlula ekukhuliseni ukukhula, ngenxa yokuba iyakwazi ukukhulula i-metastases kwii-lymph nodes kunye nezitho.
Ukubonakalisa i-carcinoma nezinye iifom zomhlaza zifundo ezininzi ziqhutyelwa:
- Uhlalutyo lwamanzi e-biological (umchamo, igazi);
- biopsy;
- iphaneli ye
- i-resonance yamagnetic kunye ne- tomography ;
- i radiography;
- uvavanyo lwe-ultrasound.
Ukwahlula kakhulu i-squamous cell carcinoma
Ezinye iintlobo zeesisu kwi sakhiwo kunye nesakhiwo ziphantse zifana nezicubu ezinempilo, ngesiseko esakhulayo. Ezi ntlobo ze-onopological neoplasms zibizwa ngokuba zihluke kakhulu. Oku kunzima ukuyiqonda le nto yesifo se-cell squamous, ngoko ke ukuhlolwa kwegazi okhethekileyo kwaqulunqwa ukuchonga izinto ezizodwa ezibona izicubu ezifunyanisiweyo. Ngethuba lokufunda, i-squamous cell carcinoma antigen ifunwa kwi-biological fluid. Iibhoratri zonyango zibonisa lo mmakishi njengesigcaziso seSCC okanye iSCA.
I-squamous cell carcinoma ehlukileyo
Indlela evezwe ngayo i-neoplasms iquka iiseli eziye zatshintshwa. Ezi zicubu zilula ukuxilonga ngenxa yesakhiwo esithile kunye nokwahlula okungalawulwayo. Umdlavuza ochanekileyo uhlalutye i-squamous cell carcinoma antigen SCCA, kodwa kwindleko eyandayo. Uxinaniso oluphezulu lwamanqaku lubonelela ngokukhawuleza kwe-pathology kunye nokuqaliswa kokusetyenziswa kweyeza.
I-squamous cell carcinoma ehlukileyo
Esi sisifo esilula kunazo zonke sokuxilongwa. Yinyama ehluke kakhulu kwimpilo. I-squamous cell carcinoma ehlukeneyo ephantsi iqukethe ama-cell, angalinganiyo kunye neengqingili ezingafaniyo. Ngokwakhe isakhiwo, izicubu eziqhelekileyo azikho ngokupheleleyo, ngoko i-neoplasm echazwe ngokukhawuleza yenziwe nge-biopsy okanye ezinye iindlela zokuphanda.
Umhlaza wesifo somhlaza wesifo somdlavuza
Xa isalathisi sisifo sitshintsha, siqala ukwahlukana ngokukhawuleza, senze ama-clones angasebenziyo. Ukuba i-squamous cell carcinoma ikhula nge-cornification, ezinye izicubu ze-tumor ziqala ukufa. Amaseli e-clone athatyathwa alahlekelwa amandla okuhlula aze aqoke i-keratin. Oku kubonakaliswa njengokuba kubonakala kwi-neoplasm ye-crusts enobuninzi bombala.
Umdlavuza ongenamakhredithi
Kwimeko echazwe, ukwahlula okungalawulwayo kweseli kwinqanaba elincinci lwenzeka, kodwa ama-clones awafi. I-caramoma engeyona-corroborative iyabonwa njengelona hlobo olubi kakhulu lomhlaza, kuba ukukhula okukhawulezileyo kuqhubeka rhoqo. Iiseli eziguqulwe ngamathambo azihlanganisi i-keratin, kodwa onke amaxesha adibanisa kwaye aqalise i-metastases kwii-lymph nodes nakwamalungu angomakhelwane.
I-squamous cell carcinoma yolusu
Ubuninzi (malunga nama-90%) amatyala okuxilongwa kumbuzo lufakwe kwiqela lezidumbu. Iiplastiki zibonakala ngokubonakalayo kwiindawo ezivezekileyo zomzimba ovezwe kwimisebe ye-ultraviolet (ubuso, intamo nezandla). I-Squamous cell carcinoma - iimpawu:
- ukukhula okanye utshintsho kwimilo, umbala wobudala bokuzalwa , iimfazwe;
- ukunyameka kwintlungu yesisu;
- ukubetha;
- ukuvutha kwexesha lokutshisa;
- ubomvu malunga nommandla ochaphazelekayo;
- ukuvuvukala kwesikhumba ejikelezileyo;
- ukuphulwa kobubele kwimeko yomonakalo.
I-Squamous cell carcinoma yomlomo wesibeleko
Indawo ephawulekayo yokukhula kwesi sivuno ngummandla wenguqu ye-multilayer epithelium ibe yi-epithelium ejikelezayo. Izazi ze-gynecologists zibonisa ukuba i-squamous cell carcinoma yomlomo wesibeleko ivela kwimvelaphi yepillomavirus yabantu. Olu sulelo kwisimo esingapheliyo lufunyenwe kwi-75% yezigulane ezine-pathology echazwe. Isifo somhlaza wesibeletho esingabonakaliyo sesigqirha siqhelekile, kuba isakhiwo se-epithelium e-multilayer sibeka iiseli kwi-cloning engalawulwayo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo azibonakali:
- ukuphuma kwangoko emva kokusondelana;
- iintlungu ezihlala zihlala kwindawo ye-pubic;
- ukuphulwa komthetho;
- ukubola kwexesha ngaphandle kwexesha lokuya esikhathini;
- intlungu ngexesha lokulala;
- iingxaki zokuvuthwa.
I-squamous cell carcinoma yomphunga
Olu hlobo lwe-neoplasm lukhula kancinci kunezinye iifom zesifo kwaye ixesha elide alihambisani naluphi na iimpawu. I-squamous cell carcinoma yompompo unemijikelezo yecala, ikhula ngokusuka kwingcambu yelungu (malunga nama-70% amatyala), ngamanye amaxesha i-tumor ifunyaniswa kwindonga ye-bronchial. Njengoko ubukhulu banda, izicubu zomhlaza zenza umqobo (umqobo) wendlela yokuphefumula. Ngendlela efanayo, ivelisa imivumba ene-necrosis ephakathi kwaye ivumela ii-metastases ezininzi.
I-pulmonary squamous cell carcinoma inomfanekiso klinikhi onjalo:
- umkhuhlane owomileyo ixesha elide;
- ukuchithwa kwegazi;
- ukubandakanyeka rhoqo kwe-pneumonia nezinye izifo ezivuthayo;
- ukuvakalelwa komoya;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane.
I-Squamous cell carcinoma ye-larynx
Uhlobo oluchaziweyo lwe-tumor ebulalayo lunokuba ludidi lwe-2:
- I-infiltrative-ulcerative okanye i-endophytic squamous cell carcinoma ye-larynx - kuqala iqhosha elincinci elincinci livela kwi-epithelium, ekugqibeleni idlwengula. Emva kwexeshana, umda owakhelweyo kunye nemiphumo efanayo kwakhona yenziwa. Ulcers zijonge kwaye zidibanise, zenze ummandla omkhulu umonakalo.
- I-squamous cell carcinoma (i-exophytic carcinoma). I-neoplasm inebonakala ngathi i-semicircle enkulu kunye nesiseko esicothayo. Yandisa ngokukhawuleza ukuphakama, inokuthi iguqulwe ngamaseli ephuzi, isilinganiselo kunye nezakhiwo ezinobumba.
Impawu zobume:
- ukuvakala kwezwi;
- i-aphonia;
- ukuphefumula okufutshane;
- ukukhwehlela;
- uvakalelo lwento yangaphandle emqaleni (inkunzi);
- hemoptysis.
I-squamous cell carcinoma yesifo
Umngcipheko wokubakho kolu hlobo lwe-neoplasm eliyingozi landa nge-progression ye- gastroesophageal reflux . Ngokuchasene nomqolo wokumisa i-juice esiswini kwi-toophagus, iifom ezincinci kwiindonga zayo, ngokuthe ngcembe zifikelela ngobukhulu obukhulu. Ngenxa yezibonakaliso ezingabonakaliyo, unyango lwe-squamous cell carcinoma luqala ngokuqala kwiinqanaba ezizayo. Iimpawu eziqhelekileyo:
- iintlungu kwindawo yesigxina somlingiswa oqinekileyo;
- i-dysphagia (ubunzima bokugwinya);
- ukuhlanza igazi;
- Iphunga elimnandi kwi-exhalation, ingakumbi ukuba isisu sinomdla okanye usulelo lwebhaktheriya luhlangene;
- ukubethelwa ngeetye zokutya;
- ukuguquka;
- Igalelo legazi kwiimfesi.
I-Squamous cell carcinoma ye-rectum
Isisu esinokuchazwa kwendawo ngeempawu zekliniki siyafana neziqhumane, ngoko ke izigulane ziya kwi-oncologist sele sele zifikelele ekuhambeni kwexesha lokukhula kwesifo. I-carcinoma ye-rectum ivame ukudibaniswa kunye neminye imonakalo yombutho - iintlukwano kwi-anus, ukuvuvukala kunye ne-thrombosis yeemvini. Izimpawu ezicacileyo:
- ukuvakalelwa komzimba wasemzini kwi-rectum;
- ukuvutha ngaphakathi okanye kufuphi ne-anus;
- intlungu kwi-anus;
- iingxaki zokuxhatshazwa, ngokugqithisileyo okanye ukuchithwa kwazo kunye nesifo sohudo;
- "Imfumba yeegusha" - isitulo ngendlela yeebhola ezincinci;
- Ukubetha iintlungu kwisisu esisesezantsi;
- ukukhutshwa kwegazi emva kokukhutshwa kwamathumbu, i-fluoid fluid ibomvu ebomvu, inokufihla imbandela yefecal;
- ukukhathazeka ngokuhlala nokuhamba.
I-squamous cell carcinoma yolwimi
Kukho iintlobo ezintathu ze-anatomical ze-tumor efana nale:
- Ukungenelela. Ukukhula kufana nesitywina, kufana nokuphakama kwimizimba enempilo. Umdlavuza wesifo esingenayo isifo sesifo esisifo esibuhlungu, uye waqhawula imida kwaye ivuselela intlungu ebuhlungu ngexesha lokunyakaza nokunyanzeliswa kolwimi.
- Ulcerative. Kulo lungu kukho ekuqaleni ukukhukhula okuncinci, okuya ngokunyuka kwandise kwaye kwandise.
- Papillary. I-Squamous cell carcinoma ibonakala ngokubonakalayo, i-tumor inehlobo lebhola, ngokucacileyo ikhupha ngaphezu kwe-epithelium evamile. Olu hlobo lwe-neoplasm lukhula kancinci kunezinto ezilapha ngentla.
Umhlaza weelwimi - iimpawu:
- intlungu emlonyeni womlomo;
- izilonda ezingapheliyo ephahleni;
- ukutshisa emlonyeni;
- ukubetha;
- ukuphefumla;
- kuphuma;
- kunzima ukuvula umlomo nokutya;
- salivation;
- ukulahleka kwesisindo;
- ukuvuvukala okanye ukuvuvukala ubuso, intamo;
- ukukhulula kunye nokulahlekelwa kwamazinyo;
- ukuphuma kweentlobo;
- ubukho beempawu okanye amaqhina emlonyeni.