IiMyuziyamu zeVatican

Uninzi lweziqokelelo zenkcubeko kunye neembali zembali, eziqokelelwa ngaphezu kweenkulungwane ezintlanu yiCawa yamaRoma Katolika, zigcinwa kwiindawo ezinzima "ii-Museums Museum" (Musei Vaticani). Inkathazo, esekwe ngaphesheya koludonga, iqukethe iifriji ezingama-54, ezivakatye ngonyaka ngonyaka ngaphezu kwezigidi ezi-5 zezivakashi.

Imbali kunye neeyure zokuvula zee-Museums zaseVatican

Imyuziyamu yokuqala yenziwa nguPapa uJulius II ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16. Singaxelela ukuba imbali yeqoqo elidumileyo lehlabathi laqala ngokufumaneka kweempawu zeemabula "Laocoon kunye noonyana bakhe". Uhlobo lwafunyanwa ngoJanuwari 14, 1506, kwaye inyanga emva kokuqinisekiswa kobubungqina bayo, kuthengwa kumnini kwaye kufakwe kwi-niche ekhethekileyo kwenye yezindlu zendlu zaseVatican , eBelvedere , ukufikelela ngokubanzi.

Ingqungquthela yonke iyafumaneka ukutyelela imihla ngemihla ukususela nge-9 ukuya ku-6 ntambama. Iiveki zeeveki: ngeCawa kunye nazo zonke iiholide zenkolo ezisemthethweni. Ngaphandle kweCawa yokugqibela yenyanga, ukuba ayifaki ukukholelwa kwezonqulo - ezi ntsuku phambi ko-12: 30 ukungena kwii-Museums zaseVatican zikhululekile. Iofisi yetikiti ivala ngo-16: 00; Ngendlela, emva kweyure awuyi kuvunyelwa ukungena kumyuziyam, nokuba uthenge ithikithi kusengaphambili. Ingqungquthela ye-museum ivaliwe: 1 no-6 kuJanuwari, ngo-11 kuFebhuwari, ngo-19 no-31 Matshi, ngo-1 uEpreli kunye no-1 kuMeyi, ngo-14-15 Agasti, ngo-29 Juni, ngoNovemba kunye neeholide zeKrisimesi ngomhla wama-25 kuya ku-26 kuDisemba

Ndingayithenga phi ithikithi kwii-Museums zaseVatican?

1. Kwibhokisi yeofisi ye-museums complex itself, kukho umgca rhoqo, kodwa ayikho.
2. Unokuxhalabisa kwangaphambili malunga nale mbandela uze ufumane i-voucher kwisayithi yemyuziyam okanye i-arhente yokubheka indawo, iindleko zayo ezongezelelweyo i-€ 4. Kodwa ulondoloza ixesha: kwivawutsha, eprintwayo okanye efundwayo kwi-tablet, i-cashshi ehlukile isebenza.
3. Itikiti zingabhalwa kwisiza kusengaphambili ngosuku kunye nesikhathi esithile. I-voucher eprintiweyo kufuneka iboniswe ngaphandle kokulinda inkonzo ekhethekileyo kufuphi nabashibi kunye nepasipoti yakho kwaye uyihlawule ngokupheleleyo.

Iyintoni i-Complex Museum Complex?

Ubunzima bemyuziyamu yaseVatican luqokelelwe kunye nezobugcisa ezikhethekileyo zehlabathi, ezidibeneyo kwiibholo ngezizathu ezizodwa okanye ezakhiweyo.

1. I-Museum yaseGregorian yaseYiputa yasungulwa ngowe-1839, igcina ubugcisa beYiputa yamandulo ukusuka kwi-3 millennium BC. Inomdla othile yi-sarcophagi yama -harahara, izithixo zeothixo baseYiputa kunye nabalawuli, izibilini zamathumbu, ukuvuthwa kwemigodi kunye nepapyri. Iimyuziyam ihlukaniswe ngamagumbi ayisithoba, enye yayo leyo idluliselwe kwimifanekiso yaseRoma yama-II-III ekhulwini.
2. Njengomyuziyam wangaphambili, iMyuziyamu yakwaGregorian Etruscan yavulwa ngokugqithiswa kukaPapa uGregory XVI, ngokuhlonelwa kuyo yonke iminyuziyamu. I-exposure ephambili yemyuziyam yifumaneka kwiindawo zakudala zendawo yase-Etruria. Iimyuziyam zidibene kwiiholo ezingama-22 kumxholo weemiboniso. Into ethandwa kakhulu yinto enobhedu yaseMars (ikhulu le-4 BC), imifanekiso yemarble yaseAthena, imveliso emihle kakhulu yeekeramics, iglasi kunye nebhedu.
3. Iqoqo engaqhelekanga yezibane zeenkulungwane ze-II ukusuka e-Otrikoli ifakwe kwi- Candelabra Gallery . Kwakhona kukho imifanekiso emihle, iivases, i-sarcophagi kunye neefrescoes. Okukuyo yiGalleries degli Arazzi, apho kufakwe khona imizobo eneshumi, eyadalwa ngokwemizobo yabantwana bakaRafael.
4. Umqoqo omkhulu wePapa weepeyinti ezahlukeneyo kunye nama-tapestries adalwe ngexesha le-XI-XIX leenkulungwane kuthiwa yiVatican's Pinakothek . Imifanekiso enkulu kunazo zonke ePinakothek yinto edumileyo "Isigwebo sokugqibela".
5. Ngowe-1475, ihlabathi labonakala liyimfihlo kakhulu kwaye likhulu ukuhlawula iLathala yeVatican . Kwimizuzu emithandathu, sele iqokelele iincwadi eziprintiweyo ezingaphezu kwe-1 yezigidi eziyi-600, malunga neminwe engama-150 yeemibhalo kunye nenani elifanayo lezinto eziqoshiwe, iqoqo elincomekayo leemephu zendawo, iimali zemali, i-tapestries kunye nezibane. Kwiininzi zeeholo, ukungena kuvunyelwe kuphela kumpapa kunye namaninzi angamaqela eenzululwazi zehlabathi.
6. Imyuziyam yolwembu yasePius-Clement itholakala kwisakhiwo esihle kakhulu kwiNdlu yeBelvedere. Ukwakhiwa ngobubele kulwahlula kwiHolo lezilwanyana, iHorund Hall, igalari yeebhasi, iHolo loMnqophiso wesiGrike, iHolo leMuses kunye negalari yezithombe, kunye neeofisi ezimbini: ii-mask kunye ne-Apoxymena. Iimyuziyamu inemifanekiso emihle yamaRoma neyeGrisi.
7. I-Antique yokudalwa kwemifanekiso iqokelelwa kwiimyuziyam yaseChiaramonti , inxalenye yayo eyintloko yindlela ejikelezayo ezindongeni apho izigcawu, amabhasi, ama-reliefs kunye ne-sarcophagi yexesha lamaRoma. Kwamanye amagumbi amathathu uya kufumana imbali yaseRoma, intsomi yamaGrisi kunye neqoqo elikhulu lehlabathi lemibhalo yamaGrisi-yamaRoma yomxholo wamaqaba nobuKristu.
8. Enye yeendlela ezincinci zee-Museum zaseVatican zinikezelwa kwiGalari yeeGraphic Maps . Iqukethe imephu emininzi eneembala ezimhlophe ezibonisa izinto zeCawa yamaRoma Katolika, iindikimba ezininzi zonqulo kunye neziganeko ezibalulekileyo zembali. Konke oku kwadalwa ngesicelo sikaGregory XIII ukuhlobisa igosa likaPapa.
9. Umculi omkhulu waseNtaliyane uRafael, othunywe nguPapa uJulius II, obhalwe ngeVatican ngamagumbi amane, esaziwa ngokuba nguRafael Stantsi . Iifresco zangempela "zesikolo sase-Athene", "Ubulumko, ukulinganisa kunye namandla", "Umlilo eBorgo" kunye nabanye abayekanga ukumangaliswa nobuhle babo.
10. Iipropati zeBorgia ziyakhiwa ngamagumbi aPapa uBorgia-Alexander VI. Iindonga zamagumbi zidwetshwe ngeefrescoes ezimangalisayo kunye neembali zeBhayibhile zabaculi abadumileyo kunye namonki.
11. Imyuziyam yasePio-Cristiano igcina imisebenzi yexesha lokuqala lamaKristu kwiiholo zalo. Apha, i-sarcophagi yeendawo zokungcwaba zaseRoma ibonakala ngokubanzi ngokulandelelana kwexesha. Enye yemiboniso edume kakhulu kwimyuziyam yinto eqingqiweyo ethi "uMalusi Omuhle", owawungumhlobiso womnye we-sarcophagi, kwaye phantse iminyaka engama-15 emva kokubuyiselwa kwaba ngumfanekiso ohlukileyo.
12. I-museum yezithunywa zevangeli e-Athenti ihlala kwi-Palace yase-Lateran, namhlanje ihlala kwiindawo ezingaphezu kwekhulu leemiboniso ezivela kwihlabathi jikelele: iinkcubeko zonqulo zamazwe amaninzi, njengaseKorea, eChina, eJapan, eMongolia naseTibet, kunye ne-Afrika, i-Oceania neMelika. Unokufunda izifundo zobomi bemihla ngemihla kunye nenkcubeko yezizwe zamanye amazwekazi, inxalenye yemyuziyam ifikeleleke kuphela kwizinzulu.
13. I-Nikcolina Chapel yincinci encinane ecwecwe ngemifanekiso evela kubomi bukaStephen noLornzo kwimihla elinesine elinesihlanu neshumi elinesihlanu. Umbhali wemisebenzi eyingqayizivele yi-monk-iDominican Fra Beato Angelico.
14. Inxalenye edumileyo kunye nendawo yakudala ye-Vatican Museums, iSistine Chapel , iya kumangaliswa ngobuninzi bempahla yayo yezobugcisa nakwiindawo ezona zinzululwazi. Iimbali-mlando zezobugcisa zincoma ukuba zifunde isicwangciso se-frescos kwangaphambili, ukuze kuqondwe kwaye kuyithakazelisa.
15. Imbali yolondolozo lwembali yaseVatican ngowona mncinci, uPapa Paul VI wasungula ngo-1973. Imibukiso yemyuziyamu yanikezelwa kwimbali yeVatican ngokwayo kwaye inikezela ingqalelo imoto, iimoto, iiform of soldier, izinto zemihla ngemihla kunye nezindlu zangasese zemikhosi zamapapa, iimpawu ezahlukahlukeneyo, iifoto kunye namaxwebhu.
16. Ngokuthakazelisayo, ngowe-1933, uPapa uPius XI wasungula iMusical Museum ephantsi kweCawa ye-Sacred Heart of Martyr eVatican. Igcina ubungqina bobukho bukaSathana emhlabeni, kodwa i-museum ivalwe ngaphandle.

Ndingafika njani kwii-Museum zaseVatican?

Kumnyango omkhulu weMicrosoft Museum i-Complex uzakufumana lula ukuhamba ngeenyawo ukuba uphakathi kwesiXeko esingunaphakade.

Ungakwazi kwakhona ukuya kwiVatican ngokusebenzisa komhlaba, ukuba uya kumgca A; iimpawu eziyimfuneko, apho malunga nemizuzu eyi-10 ukuya emnyango: "iMyuziyam yaseVatican", "Ottaviano" kunye "S.Pietro". Inombolo ye-tram ye-19 ehamba phambili ilandela ukuyeka "Piazza del Risorgimento", elineendlela ezimbalwa ezisuka eludongeni lweVatican.

Ngokubhekiselele kwimizila yasezidolophini, konke kuxhomekeka kwiyiphi inxalenye yedolophu oyidlayo:

• I-No. 49 iya kukusa emnyango, yeka-ngokuchasene nayo;
• Imizila engama-32, 81 no-982 yahlula ukuma kunye ne-tram ekhankanywe ngasentla;
• Iindlela ezingama-492 kunye ne-990 zidlula i-"Via Leone" esondeleyo, apho ihamba khona imizuzu embalwa kwaye ukhona kwisiza.