Kungokwemvelo ukuba umntu afunde le hlabathi, ukuba afakwe kwiinkqubo ezininzi ukwenzela ukuba aqonde ubunzulu bezinto. Ubungqina bokuba "ingqwalasela" yengqondo ejoliswe kwintetho eqhelekileyo okanye yinyani yokuqonda. Eli gama lisetyenziswa ngokubanzi kwizengqondo, ifilosofi, inzululwazi, inkolo.
Injongo - yintoni na?
Intence (kunye nenjongo yesiLatini-isifiso, injongo) - injongo yomntu egxile kwiinjongo zokwazi into okanye into. Injongo eyahlukileyo kwiminqweno yodwa, eyokukhangela umphefumlo ngokuthi ezi zizenzo nezigqibo ngokuhambelana nesicwangciso esicwangcisiweyo. Ubulungiselelo bokuqonda ngumhlaba ongokoqobo kwi-psyche, ekuncedeni ukuqonda ihlabathi, ukufumana ubudlelwane kunye nezinto kunye neziganeko.
Injongo kwi Psychology
I-Psychology iyinzululwazi ephumayo kwifilosofi kwaye iyaqhubeka isabelana ngayo neengcinga ezininzi ezisisiseko. Ubungakanani kwimiqondo yengqondo yinto engumngcipheko wokugxila okanye ukugxila kwengqalelo kwisifundo esithile. Ukufunda ingqinamba yangaphandle, umntu ulungelelanisa kunye namava akhe angaphakathi kunye neengcamango, ukwakha ulwalamano lobuhlobo kunye nehlabathi. UFranz Brétano, i-psychologist yaseAustria kunye nefilosofi yeXIXX. ukuphanda iinjongo zeenjongo, zikhetha ezi zilandelayo ngongoma:
- Ubunono buhlala bujolise kwaye buhambisana nantoni na into eyinyani okanye engqondweni.
- Ukuqondisisa kwesi sifundo kwenzeka kwinqanaba leemvakalelo, ngendlela yememori yolwazi oluzimeleyo malunga nezinto ezinamava okwenene, kwaye uthelekise kunye ne-axioms evumelekileyo.
- Isiphelo: Ukubona komntu kwangaphakathi kwinto okanye into echanileyo kunaphandle, ngokusekelwe kwimbono yabaninzi.
Ubulungisa kwifilosofi
Iyintoni injongo kwifilosofi? Ixesha elivela kwi-scholasticism - isikolo sefilosofi esiphakathi. UTomas Aquinas wayekholelwa ukuba into ayinakwaziwa ngaphandle kokungenelela okusebenzayo kuyo. Injongo kunye nokukhethwa, ngoko ke kukhokelwa yintliziyo yoluntu kwaye kule nto inokuzikhethela ukuziphatha. Ifilosofi yaseJamani uMnu. Heidegger yayiquka ingcamango 'yokunyamekela' ngenjongo yento, ekholelwa ukuba umntu uyayikhathalela. Esinye isazi sefilosofi saseJamani u-E. Husserl saqhubela phambili uphando lweenjongo kunye nenjongo, njengezakhiwo zeengqondo ezithembela emsebenzini we-F. Brittany, zenze iinguquko ezintsha:
- Inkqubo yokwazi isifundo yintliziyo. Ngomzuzu we-alamu, intliziyo iqondisa ingqalelo engqondweni into ebangela ukuxhalabisa.
- Isihloko sohlolisiso "asikho" de ukucinga ngento okanye ulawulo lwengqalelo kuye kwenzeke.
Intshukumo yeParadoxical Intention
UViktor Frankl, onguchwepheshe wase-Austrian ogqithisileyo oye wangena kwiinkampu zoxinzelelo zamaNazi, uye waphatha i-phobias ephumelelayo. I-Logotherapy - ulawulo lwe-psychoanalysis ekhona, eyasungulwa nguFrankl ibandakanya iindlela ezifanelekileyo zokusingatha ukwesaba. Injongo yokuphazamiseka yindlela eyenza umyalezo ophikisanayo okanye injongo malunga ne-phobia. Isigulana esaba ukwesaba safunwa ukuba sifune into enokuyixhalabisa kakhulu - imeko yenziwa kuze kube yinto ekhuselekileyo yokukhupha isigxina.
I-Inadoticical Intention - indlela yokufaka isicelo
Injongo yeenjongo zokuzikhethela iphumelela ngakumbi xa isetyenziswe ngokubandakanywa kwamahlaya kuyo. Isazi seengqondo saseMerika uG. Olport sathi i-neurotic, ebudeni bonyango efunda ukuzithoba ngokuhlekisa kunye ne-phobia yakhe-yindlela yokuzithiba nokubuyiswa. Imizekelo yeenjongo zokuzihlaziya:
- Unyango lokulala . Umntu onokubakho uxhalabisayo malunga nokuphazamiseka kokulala ulungelelwano lokuba uya kuphinda alele. UFrank wacebisa ukuba isigulane sifanele sizame ukuvuka kangangoko kunokwenzeka. Umnqweno wokungafi ulala ngokukhawuleza ubangela iphupha.
- Uloyiko lokuthetha koluntu . Ukugubha ngexesha lokuthetha. V. UFrankl ucebise ukuba asebenze loo mbuzo ngentshukumo, ebangela umnqweno onqabileyo wokuthuthumela, ube "yingqungquthela ekuthungeni" kwaye ukutshatyalaliswa kususwe.
- Ulwalamano lwentsapho . I-Logotherapist, kwisakhelo seenjongo ezixhasayo, iyala abafazi ukuba baqale ukuxabana ngokufudumala okukhulu, baze baqhelane ngokupheleleyo.
- Izifo ezahlukeneyo zokunyanzelisa . Umzekelo omnandi ngumsebenzi kaDkt. Kochanovsky. Ibhinqa elingaphandle kwekhaya layo lalihlala limbethe iiglasi ezimnyama ezazifihla ulwalathiso lwakhe lokubheka kwindalo yesini sabo bonke abantu besendleleni. Ulwaphulo lwaluquka ekususeni iiglasi kunye nokuvumela ukuba obugqirha abukeke ngaphandle kwehlazo kummandla wesini nawuphi na umntu. Isigulane sashiye ukunyanzeliswa kwiiveki ezimbini.
Intshukumo ye-Paradoxical - Ukubetha
Uloyiko lokuthetha luyimbangela eqhelekileyo yokubetha. Umntu uyamoyika ukuthetha, kuba ukugubungela ekungenisweni kwakhe akunakwenzeka. Ukulungelelwa kwengqondo kunokunceda ukuguqulela ukwesaba ukuguqulwa kwiimeko zesimo sengqondo ukuya kwisizinda sentsingiselo. Inkqubo echukumisayo (i-paradoxical) yokusebenza ngokubetha:
- Isigulane sicelwa ukuba sigxume kunzima kunokwenzeka: "Njengoko ngoku ndiqala ukugubha, akukho mntu phambi kwam engazange aqhutywe kakhulu, ndiyena mdlali onamandla kunene, ngoku wonke umntu uya kuva ..."
- Ingqwalaselo ishintshelwe kwiqondo.
- Ukuba isigulane sinoyiko lokugulisa - uyagubha, ngokukhawuleza xa eqala ukukhwela ngamandla ukubetha-ukuphulwa kwentetho kuyaphela.
Injongo yokuphazamiseka kokunciphisa umzimba
Ingcamango yokunqwenela iinjongo isoloko ikhangelelana nokukhetha komntu kunye nentando yakhe. Ukunyanyiswa kwengxaki yinkathazo esekelwe kwiingxaki zengqondo , ziqiniswa kukutya okungenampilo. Injongo ingayinceda njani ukulahlekelwa isisindo? Kulula kakhulu - kufuneka uqale ukuphoqeleka ukuba udle: "Ndiyodla, ngoku ndiya kuthenga ikhekhe enkulu kwaye nditya yonke into, ndiza kuba ngumntu onzima kunazo zonke emhlabeni!". Umzimba uqala ukumelana nomnqweno omkhulu wokuwunqumla. Imigaqo yenjongo enyanisekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke kwindlela kubalulekile apha.