Ubumfama bokukhupha lubizwa igama elidlulileyo lesifo, kwiyeza elaziwa ngokuba yi-hemeralopia (ukukhubazeka kombono ukulungelelanisa ukukhanya okunciphisa). Umntu obandezeleka kwezi zifo, ubona bubi kakhulu ebusika nasebusuku, kodwa emini, ubunzima obubonakalayo buqhubeka.
Kubonakala ngathi - ziphi iinkukhu? Inyaniso kukuba amandla omntu, kunye naluphi na elinye iliso, ukulungelelanisa kwiimeko kunye nokukhanya okungafaniyo kuxhomekeka kwizinto ezibonakalayo ze-retina: iintonga kunye neebhondi. Iimbonisi zijongene nombono wemihla, kunye neentonga, ezinezithombe eziphezulu-zobusuku. Kwizinkukhu, iintonga kwi-retina ziphantse zingekho, ngoko ke ngokushona kwelanga ziba yimfama. Ngenxa yalolu hlobo, isifo apho abantu banobuthathaka ngemibono yasebusuku, kwaye babizwa ngokuba yimpumputhe ebusuku.
Izizathu zobumfama bobusuku
Esi sifo siphumela ngenxa yokuphulwa komlinganiselo phakathi kweenombolo zeembonki kunye neentonga kwiso lomntu, ukunciphisa inani leetonga okanye iingxaki zesakhiwo salo, kwakunye nokungabikho okanye ukuphazanyiswa ngokutshintshiselwa kwe-pigmental ebonakalayo ye-rhodopsin, equlethwe kwiintonga.
Kuqhelekileyo ukuhlukanisa iintlobo ezintathu zobumfama bobusuku:
- kuzalwa;
- Luleke;
- uphawu.
Eyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ubusuku obumfama obalulekileyo. Isifo singahlakulela ngokusesikweni kokungondleki, ngenxa yokuntuleka kwamavithamini, kwindawo yokuqala - i- vitamin A. Ukongezelela, kunokubangelwa yi-anemia, isifo sesibindi, ukugqithwa ngokubanzi komzimba, ukutyalwa kweetekisi ezahlukeneyo.
Ubungqina bobuphofu bobu busuku buba neengxaki zezifo, njenge glaucoma, i-retinitis pigmentosa, iqondo eliphezulu le-myopia.
Ubusuku obumfama obumfama bubangelwa yizifo ezithile, ngokukodwa, i-pigment retinitis okanye i-Asher syndrome.
Iimpawu zobumfama bobusuku
Ngomfama oyimpumputhe, amehlo ahlaselwa ngokukhawuleza kwiimeko eziphantsi zokukhanya. Ubukhali bayo buyancipha, izinto zibukeka zibukhali, ziphazamisekile, intsimi yombono onqabileyo, imbonakalo yombala iphulwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo umbono ochanekileyo wombala obomvu uhlupheka, okanye akukho mbono wemibala kuzo zonke ukuhlwa kunye nobusuku. Kwakhona kunokwenzeka ukubonakala phambi kwamehlo amnyama ngexesha lokuguquka ukusuka kwigumbi elikhanyayo ukuya emnyama nasemva.
Indlela yokuphatha ubumfama busuku?
Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba unyango lobumfama bobusuku luxhomekeke kwimihlobo yayo kunye nezinto ezibangele.
Isifo sohlobo olubalulekileyo senza lula kakhulu kunyango. Ekubeni ubuninzi bexesha lobusuku obumfama bubangelwa ukungabikho kwe-vitamin A, ngoko ukuphelisa eso sifo sanele ukusela i-vitamine.
Xa kunokwenzeka ukuba ukungabikho kwe-vitamin A kuye kwavela ngenxa yokungenisa iziyobisi ezichasayo (umzekelo, i-quinine), amayeza kufuneka athatyathwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye kufuneka ukuba i-vitamins ilandelwe ngokukhawuleza. Xa ubusuku bobuphofu bubangelwa sisifo sesibindi, ukusuleleka kunye nokunye okunjalo, isifo esiyintloko siphathwa ngokukodwa.
Okukuphela kokuthintela kwesi sifo kuyisondlo esifanelekileyo. Kufuneka udle izaqathe, iklabishi, iziqhamo ze-citrus, i-juice ezitsha, isibindi seentlanzi kunye nezilwanyana.
Nge-symptomatic hemorrhagia, qalisa ukuphatha isifo seso. Oku kunokukhethwa kweziglasi ezichanekileyo kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezidakamizwa ezinamandla kwi-myopia. Ukuthatha unyango kwaye, ukuba kuyimfuneko, utyando lwe- cataracts okanye i-glaucoma.
Ifom yokuzalwa ebumfama ayisaphenduli kwonyango, kwaye kuncipha rhoqo embonweni.