I-Meningitis inemiphumo emibi kunye nesiphumo esibulalayo. Ingozi enkulu kunazo zonke uhlobo lwesifo sesifo. Bangela ukuvuvukala kwengqondo. Ingaba kukho isitofu sesi sifo? Ngaba kube lula ukwenza iprophylaxis kunokuyiphatha kamva? Ungakuphepha njani ukusuleleka?
Ingaba kukho isitofu sokulwa nesifo se-meningitis?
Ukufumanisa ukuba kukho isitofu sokugonywa kwe-meningitis, kufuneka uqonde iintlobo zesifo. Ubangelwa zizifo eziphilayo ezahlukeneyo: zombini iintsholongwane kunye neentsholongwane zeentlobo ezahlukeneyo. Kuzo zonke iimeko, lesi sifo siphuthuma ngokukhawuleza, ngokwenene kwiintsuku ezimbalwa. Ngaphandle kwimeko yesifo sofuba. Ukuhamba kwawo kuhamba kancane. Eziqhelekileyo eziqhelekileyo ziifomululent fomu kunye nokusuleleka kwe-droplet emoyeni, okubangelwa zezi zifo ezilandelayo:
- i-meningococci;
- pneumococci;
- Uhlobo lweHaemophilus influenzae
Ngaba isigunyaziso sokugonywa sisigxina se-meningitis?
ERashiya akukho gonyolo kwi-khalenda kazwelonke, kwaye ukukhulelwa okukhululekile kwenziwa kuphela kwiimeko ezimbalwa:
- Xa ubhubhane, ukuba izinga lezabelo lifikelela kubantwana abangama-20 ngabantu abayikhulu lamawaka.
- Kwiqela apho umntwana enokusola ngesifo sifumaneka, onke amanqaku okudibanisa kufuneka agonywe ngeveki.
- Ukugonywa kuyachaphazeleka yimihlaba apho izinga leemeko liphezulu.
- Ukugonywa okufunekayo kwabantwana abane-immunodeficiency.
Kwamazwe asibhozo, ukugonywa nge-hemophilia kuthathwa njengegunya. Kula mazwe, izinga lesiganeko liye lancitshiswa malunga ne-0%. Iqala ukuqhutyelwa kwiinyanga ezili-2-3 kunye nexesha elifutshane, kathathu, kunye ne-DTP kunye ne-polio. Ukugonywa kwe-meningitis kunconywa yi-World Health Organisation kubo bonke abantwana. Ukuzikhusela kunye nabathandekayo bakho, unokuzifumana ngeendleko zakho.
Ukuxhoma kwi-meningitis kubantu abadala
Umngcipheko wokubandezeleka kwabantu abadala kuncinci kakhulu, kodwa loo nto inokwenzeka ukuba ayiphumelelwanga. Oku kuthetha ukuba isitofu sokugonywa kwe-meningitis kubantu abadala liyimfuneko kwiimeko ezithile, nge:
- izinga eliphezulu lezehloko kummandla;
- ipeni elide;
- iziphene ze-skull ze-anatomical;
- UGawulayo kunye nezinye iintlobo ze-immunodeficiency;
- abafazi ngexesha lokukhulelwa, xa umngcipheko wokusuleleka usulele kakhulu kunomngcipheko wengozi ekukhuselweni.
Liliphi igama lokugonywa kwe-meningitis?
Ngenxa yobuhlobo obuninzi bentsholongwane, asikho esinye isilwanyana esithile sokuthintela esi sifo. Isitofu sokulwa nesifo se-meningitis, ogama layo lingabandakanywa egameni lesicindezelo sokugonya, singenziwa ngeendlela ezihlukeneyo, kuba ukuze ukhusele umzimba wakho kwii-microorganisms ezinama-pathogen, kufuneka ulungelelaniso olunzulu.
Kwilizwe le-CIS, isitofu sokukhusela i-AKT-HIB yemvelaphi yangaphandle isasazeke. Ayiyo iqulethe i-microbe, kodwa yamalungu ayo. Oku kuthetha ukuba akukho zixhobo ezichaphazelekayo zokusuleleka. Iveliswa ngohlobo lwe-powder, ehlanjululwa kunye ne-solvent ekhethekileyo. I-ACT-HIB isetyenziswa kunye nezinye izitofu, ukuxuba, ukunciphisa inani leenjini.
Izigulane ze-Meningitis - uludwe
Kukho izidakamizwa ezininzi kwiintlobo zebhaktheriya zesifo. Iifomu ezifanelekileyo zibangelwa ziintlobo ezininzi zeebhaktheriya, njengoko sele zikhankanywe ngasentla. Ukuthintelwa kwezi zifo, ezi zi yobisi zisetyenziswa:
- Ukugonywa kuvela kwintsholongwane ye-hemophilic. Lo Mthetho-HIB, okhankanywe ngasentla.
- Isilwanyana esivela kwintsholongwane ye-meningococcal. Olu hlobo lokugula kungakhathaliseki ubudala, kodwa kaninzi banabantwana abangaphantsi kweminyaka eli-1 ubudala. Kukho amanqaku asekhaya nakwamanye amazwe.
- I-PNEVMO-23 ne-Prevenar ikhusela umzimba ukusuka ekungeneni kwintsholongwane ye-pneumococcal. I-20-30% yenani leentsholongwane zesifo eso sibangelwa yizi microorganms. Indlela yokusasazwa yomoya.
Ibhonasi enkulu kakhulu kukukhuselwa komzimba kunye ne-ARI. Enye ifomu i-viral. Kucingelwa ukuba kulula, kubangelwa ngama-75-80% amatyala ngosulelo lwe-enterophytic. Ukugonywa kwi-meningitis yentsholongwane kuyimfuneko yokugonywa kwabantwana, ngokwekhalenda. Iquka izitofu ngokuchasene nemasisi, i-rubella, i-mumps, i- poux pox kunye ne-influenza.
Impendulo kwi-inoculation ngokumelene ne-meningitis
Ngokuqhelekileyo, isitofu sokugonywa kwe-meningitis siyakunyamezela. Akunakwenzeka emva kokusungulwa kweziyobisi ezingentla apha kukho ukuphendula kwendawo. Oku kubomvu, ubunzima, intlungu kwi-site injection. Kukho ukwanda kancinci kwindlubhiso yomzimba. Kwiintsuku ezingama-1-3 zonke iimpawu ezingamnandi zidlula. Kubalulekile ukukhumbula ukuphikisana okuphambili kokugonya:
- ezinye iinkqubo ezikhuphayo;
- iimpendulo ezithintekayo kwiinkalo ezifanayo zangaphambili.
Ukugonywa kwe-meningitis
Ukuba sithetha ngemiphumo, ngoko yingozi kakhulu xa kunokugula. Isitofu sokugonywa kwe-meningitis kunye ne-pneumonia yinto echaseneyo, eyenzelwe ukuphepha. Izifo zabantwana abangakhuselekanga zinzima. Ukulwa nabo akulula, ngoko kungcono ukhethe ukhetho malunga nokuthintela. Ukuba impendulo ekugonyeni ayidluli okanye iyomelele, kungcono ukuthetha nogqirha ngokukhawuleza.
Ingxaki yokugonywa kwe-meningitis isebenza kangakanani?
Ukugonywa kudala ukhuselo oluqhubekayo olukhuselekileyo, oluqhubekayo iminyaka emininzi. Ukuqinisa ukukhuselwa kwesi sifo, kuyimfuneko ukuphumeza ukuphindaphinda ngexesha. Ukugonywa kweHemophilus kwenziwa kathathu, kunye nexesha eliphakathi kweenyanga ezili-1.5, ukuqala kwiinyanga ezi-3. Ukugonywa kwe-Meningococcal kwenziwa kanye kanye, kubangela ukukhuseleka kwabantwana okungenani iminyaka emi-2, kubantu abadala - iminyaka eyi-10. I-Revaccination ikhuthazwa minyaka emithathu.
Isitofu sokulwa ne-otitis ye-meningitis kunye ne-pneumonia okanye i-pneumococcal isetyenziswe ezimbini ze-PNEVMO-23 (ukususela kwiminyaka emibini) kunye nokuqalwa (ukusuka kwiinyanga ezimbini). Ukugonywa kunamaphetheni ahlukeneyo, oku ngenxa yexesha lokugonywa. Isilwanyana esincinci sisilwayo kathathu rhoqo kwiinyanga eziyi-1.5. I-Revaccination yenziwa ngeenyanga ezili-11-15. Emva kweenyanga ezintandathu, sebenzisa ukuqaliswa kwezihlandlo ezimbini ngeenyanga kunye nesiqingatha. I-Revaccination iphankanywe kwakhona kwiminyaka eyi-1-2. Abantu abadala kunye nabantwana abangaphezulu kweminyaka emi-2 yesirya esisodwa bayanele.