Iimbangela zokuqhawulwa kwabantwana
Isitopu esinzima okanye ukungabi naso ixesha elide kunokuba ne-etiology ehlukile. Ukuqulunqa isizathu esivakalayo sokuba umntwana anqunywe, kufuneka uqikelele ubudala bakhe, indlela yokuphila, uhlobo lwentlalo yolwalamano lwentsapho. Kwiintsana kunye nabantwana ukuya kunyaka owodwa, ayikwazi ukukhutshwa ngaphandle kokuba ukuphulwa kwe-defecation ingaba yendalo. Ezi zi-pathologies zentsholongwane - i-colmoid sigmoid colon (dolichosigma) okanye ukungabikho kokungabonakali kwesibilini esikhulu (isifo seHirschsprung), ezihamba kunye nezinye iimpawu:
- ukuziphatha okuxhalabileyo;
- ukwanda kweeplani;
- izifo zengqondo;
- intlungu;
- ngxamele.
Ukuqokelela kunye nokungakwazi ukuphuma kwisitopu sinokubangelwa kubukho bokumamathela, izibilini, iipolisi. Kodwa ezi ziimeko ezizimeleyo, ezifunyaniswa ukuba zincinci kakhulu ebuntwaneni kwaye zidinga unyango. Ukukhutshwa komqobo kuqhubeka emva kokuhlinzwa. Ngokuqhelekileyo, ukunqandwa komntwana kusebenza okanye kwengqondo.
Ukuqanjwa kwengqondo kumntwana
Kubantwana abaqala ukuzisebenzisa kwiimeko ezintsha zobomi, umzekelo, kwi-kindergarten okanye kwisikolo, kunokubakho ubunzima bokuchaswa kohlobo lwe-neurogenic. Oku kubangelwa ukuba abantwana abangenabantwana basenkulumeni bangakwazi ukunqanda iminqweno nokunyamezela ngaphandle kwendawo yokuhlala, kwaye okwangoku, izihlwele ze-fecal ziqokelela, zinyusa, zenze isenzo sokuxhatshazwa. Ukuze ukwazi indlela yokujamelana nokuqanjwa kwengqondo kumntwana, abazali kufuneka bafumane into ebangela ukuba kubekho into evuselela. Kukho iindlela ezininzi:
- isimo sengqondo esingalunganga sootitshala kwiimfuno zentsana malunga nesidingo sokuya kwindlu yangasese. Le ngxaki ihlala ivela kwiiklasi ezincinci, ootitshala ababala abantwana njengabantu abadala, abavumeli ukuba baye e-room yokufunda kwizifundo, kwaye ngexesha lokutshintsha umntwana angenakho ixesha lokuhamba "mkhulu";
- ukugculelwa koontanga. Ingane inokuyikrakra kwaye ihlaziye ukunyuka kwindlu yangasese yomntu, ingakumbi oku kubalulekile kubantwana abanamahloni nabangenasicatshulwa;
- Ukungabikho kweemeko eziyimfuneko (ukungaphumeleli okanye ukuhlambulula indlu yangasese, igumbi elingenamnyango, umgca omkhulu).
Ukuxazulula ukugqitywa kwemvelo ye-neurogenic kuya kunceda ingxoxo eyimfihlo nomntwana, okuya kunika abantu abadala ingcamango ecacileyo yeso sizathu sokwenzekayo. Kwiimeko ezihoxiswayo kunengqiqo ukujongana noncedo lengqondo yeengqondo. Iingxaki zokuxhatshazwa zingagwenywa ukuba kwixesha elincomekayo lokulungelelanisa kakhulu ukuthetha nomntwana, ukumkhuthaza, ukuxubusha iingxaki zokunyusa njengoko zivela. Kubalulekile ukuxoxa ngutitshala ngemigaqo yokuya kwindlu yangasese, kwaye qi ni sekise ukuba akukho nto iyakwenzelwa izicelo ezingenangxaki zengane ayiyi kulandela.
Ukuqhawulwa komsebenzi kubantwana
Ukunciphisa ukuhamba kwenkunkuma yokutya kunye nokubunjwa "kokuxininisa" kubantwana bamaqela ahlukeneyo ahlukeneyo kunokufumaneka ngezizathu zokusebenza. Ezi ziquka:
- ukungondleki kunye neentlobo zokutya okunomsoco kunye namafutha;
- Ukungena ngokwaneleyo kwamanzi, ngokukodwa amanzi aqhelekileyo;
- yokuphila;
- ukuphulwa kwe-biocenosis yemvelo yamathumbu (ngokuphindaphindiweyo emva kokuba unyango lwe-antibiotics);
- yokutya;
- ukungakwazi ukusebenza kwamanqatha kunye nezinye izitho zomzimba;
- i-helminthic;
- i-rickets kwaye, ngenxa yoko, ukwehla kwetoni ye-muscle;
- ukukhulelwa kwegazi;
- iingxaki kwi-thyroid gland;
- ukudibanisa i-reflux reflex ebangelwa zizifo zesistim se-nervous;
- unyango kunye neziyobisi ezichaphazela umsebenzi wephepha lokutya;
- Ukusetyenziswa rhoqo kwelaxatives kunye nokucoca.
Ukuhlanganiswa kwezitshixo kungaba yinto yexesha elilodwa. Oku kwenzekayo xa umntwana edla into egqityiweyo, wagula, wayenomkhuhlane ophezulu - ityhula yamanzi ityuwa yaphulwa. Kubalulekile kwiimeko ezinjalo ukuseka ukutya, uphuze amanzi amaninzi - ukulungelelana kunye nokuhambelana kwesihlalo kuqhelekileyo ngexesha elizayo. Ukuphulwa kobodwa akufuneki unyango olulodwa.
Ukuqhaqhozeka okungapheli kubantwana
Ngayo yonke imbopheleleko kuyimfuneko ukujongana nengxaki ukuba ukuzithemba kumntwana kuyinto ehlala isigxina. Apha asikwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kophando olujolise ekumiseni isizathu sokulibaziseka nokuxubusha kwento engamafecal. Ulwaphulo lukhethwe ngabanye, ngokuqwalasela ubudala bomntwana, i-etiology yesifo, izifo ezithintekayo. Abazali kufuneka baqonde indlela yokuncedisa umntwana kunye nokuqanjwa ekhaya. Njengamanyathelo amanyathelo asebenzayo asebenzayo:
- ikhandlela ekubanjweni kubantwana abaneglycerin, bavunyelwe ukuba basebenzise ngabantwana ngokuzalwa;
- Ukucosa i-enema ngamanzi abilisiwe kwindawo yokushisa lokushisa kunye namaconsi ambalwa e-glycerin;
- ukukhanya kwesisu esincinci (iintsana).
Ukuba umntwana unomda wokuhlala ixesha elide, ehamba kunye nentlungu enzima, ukuxubha, ubuthathaka, intloko, isisongela, ukuhlanza, ukunyuka kwesidlo, ukwanda kweqondo lokushisa, i-enema ayikwazi ukufakwa ngokubanzi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo ukubonisana ngokukhawuleza kogqirha kuyimfuneko. Izingozi zokuqala zokuncedisa, xa umntwana ekhupha igazi kwi-anus okanye ugciniwe.
Ukutyunjwa kwintsana
Kuze kube unyaka iimvuthu zihamba ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo. I-mushy stool emva kokutya kuyona inzala yabantwana ekunceliseni. Abantwana bokufakelwa ukukhwehlela kancinci, kwaye ukuhambelana kwesihlalo kukhulu. Ukuba umntwana akayi kubhala amathambo kwiintsuku ezingama-1-2, sinokucinga ukuba unqabileyo. Qinisekisa ukwesaba kwezi zimpawu: intlungu, ukuqhaqhaqhaqhaqhaza, ukugubha, ukuphelelwa kwesidlo. Ngokuqhaqhazela, umntwana unesihlalo esinzima, ngamanye amaxesha ahlotshiswe ngee-peas, kwaye une-smell. Umthetho wokuchaswa kwengane ubuhlungu: unokukhala, ukugabisa, ukutshiza, ukugubungela emilenzeni. Izizathu zolu meko zi nokuba:
- ukungabikho kokugcinwa kwesondlo ngumama onesiko;
- ukutshintshwa ngokukhawuleza ngobisi lobisi kunye nomxube;
- ukungabi nobisi;
- i-tonus ebuthakathaka yemisipha yomathumbu okanye ukungabikho kwayo ngokupheleleyo;
- Ukungena ngokwaneleyo kwamanzi (xa kunikwe umxube);
- emva kokuqaliswa kokutya okuncedisayo kumntwana, ukuqhenyuka kuya kuba yingxaki rhoqo kwiimeko zokungazi kakuhle nokungazi kakuhle ngokutya kwabantu abadala;
- ukungasebenzi;
- ukuxhatshazwa kwiprotheni yeenkomo.
Yintoni endiyenzayo ukuba ndiyenze ukuba umntanami anqunywe?
Ingxaki ngokukhutshwa kwamathumbu kwintsana ayinakunyanzelwa, kuba ukuqokelela nokugcinwa kweengxaki zefecal kuyichaphazela imeko yonke yomntwana kunye nempilo yakhe. Usana luba lukhuni, luphantsi, luyancipha, kwaye nezinye iimpawu zokuxhatshazwa zivela. Indlela yokuphatha ukuzitywa kwabantwana, uxelele abantwana. Unyango lukhethwe ngabanye, ngokuxhomekeka kwi-etiology yesifo, iminyaka kunye nezinye iimpawu zesigulane.
Iilaxatives zokuqhaqhazela abantwana
Amachiza ala manqanaba oogqirha azama ukunyula kuphela ukuba ngaba kuyimfuneko, kuba loo myeza ineloluhlu oluphawulekayo lwemiphumo emibi: umlutha, ukungabikho komzimba, uhudo kunye nokunye. Indlela ephephile kunazo zonke izigulane ezincinci yisilwanyana sokuqhawulwa kwabantwana esekelwe kwi-lactulose ebizwa ngokuthi iDufalac. Isisombululo sogqirha sikhethwe ngabanye, kwaye ubude bonyango luphela kwiiveki ezimbini.
Ukongeza kwi- laxatives, unyango oluyinkimbinkimbi ukuphelisa ukuqothulwa kaninzi lubandakanya:
- Iilungiselelo ezenza i-tract-prokinetics (Domperidone).
- Spasmolytics (No-shpa, Papaverin).
- I-Cholagogue (Hofitol).
- Bifido-lactobacilli (Linex, Lactile, Bifidumbacterin).
Ukutya kunye nokuqhawulwa kwabantwana
Isilonda esisisigxina kunye nesisifo esingenabuhlungu akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokulungiswa kokutya. Ukutya kunye nokuqhawulwa kwabantwana kuthetha ukugatywa okupheleleyo:
- ukupheka, ubisi olupheleleyo, i-rice porridge, i-pasta, ibhanana kunye namaapulo anesikhumba;
- iimveliso ezivuthayo (iklabishi, ubhontshisi, utamatisi);
- isobho kunye nesinkwa;
- iimveliso zee-caffeine kunye nokusela (ikhofi, itiye, ithokoleta, i-cocoa).
Qinisekisa ukuba uquka ezi zinto zilandelayo kwimenyu ukususela ekuqatheni kubantwana:
- ii-yogurts ezingenayo izongezo, ukhilimu omuncu;
- isonka esipheleleyo;
- Imifuno, iziqhamo, okusanhlamvu kunye namafayili aqhekezayo;
- inyama yee-fat-fat varieties, amaqanda, ibhotela;
- isixa esikhulu samanzi (amanzi ahlambulukileyo ngaphandle kweegesi kunye nedayi).
Amanyathelo okulungisa abantu ekubambeni abantwana
Ubunzima beentlungu kunye neengqungquthela zemifuno akunakwenzeka ukukholisa umntwana. Kodwa kukho kwingxowa-mali yokupheka kwendabuko, ezinye iindlela zokuncedisa ukunqanda ukumbambisa kumntwana:
- iziqhumane ezinomsoco, ama-apricots omisiwe, iinqabileyo zamanzi - sele zibhekwa njengezona zinto ezintle kakhulu;
- Iziphumo ezilungileyo zinceda ekufezekiseni unyango lokubambiswa kwabantwana nge-oat jelly;
- Abantwana abadala banganikezwa umxube wezinyosi kunye nejisi le-aloe - elincinci, kodwa elisebenzayo.